Spring的双亲上下文机制

Spring中的ApplicationContext是父子层次结构的，在存在多个上下文时，会有一个根上下文，作为其他上下文的“父亲”。：

<Listener>
    <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
</listener>
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如上，如果在web.xml文件中使用Listener监听器来加载Spring的配置，Spring会创建一个全局的WebApplicationContext上下文，此上下文被称为根上下文，保存在ServletContext中。

public interface WebApplicationContext extends ApplicationContext {

	/**
	 * Context attribute to bind root WebApplicationContext to on successful startup.
	 * <p>Note: If the startup of the root context fails, this attribute can contain
	 * an exception or error as value. Use WebApplicationContextUtils for convenient
	 * lookup of the root WebApplicationContext.
	 * @see org.springframework.web.context.support.WebApplicationContextUtils#getWebApplicationContext
	 * @see org.springframework.web.context.support.WebApplicationContextUtils#getRequiredWebApplicationContext
	 */
	String ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE = WebApplicationContext.class.getName() + ".ROOT";

	/**
	 * Scope identifier for request scope: "request".
	 * Supported in addition to the standard scopes "singleton" and "prototype".
	 */
	String SCOPE_REQUEST = "request";

	/**
	 * Scope identifier for session scope: "session".
	 * Supported in addition to the standard scopes "singleton" and "prototype".
	 */
	String SCOPE_SESSION = "session";

	/**
	 * Scope identifier for global session scope: "globalSession".
	 * Supported in addition to the standard scopes "singleton" and "prototype".
	 */
	String SCOPE_GLOBAL_SESSION = "globalSession";

	/**
	 * Scope identifier for the global web application scope: "application".
	 * Supported in addition to the standard scopes "singleton" and "prototype".
	 */
	String SCOPE_APPLICATION = "application";

	/**
	 * Name of the ServletContext environment bean in the factory.
	 * @see javax.servlet.ServletContext
	 */
	String SERVLET_CONTEXT_BEAN_NAME = "servletContext";

	/**
	 * Name of the ServletContext/PortletContext init-params environment bean in the factory.
	 * <p>Note: Possibly merged with ServletConfig/PortletConfig parameters.
	 * ServletConfig parameters override ServletContext parameters of the same name.
	 * @see javax.servlet.ServletContext#getInitParameterNames()
	 * @see javax.servlet.ServletContext#getInitParameter(String)
	 * @see javax.servlet.ServletConfig#getInitParameterNames()
	 * @see javax.servlet.ServletConfig#getInitParameter(String)
	 */
	String CONTEXT_PARAMETERS_BEAN_NAME = "contextParameters";

	/**
	 * Name of the ServletContext/PortletContext attributes environment bean in the factory.
	 * @see javax.servlet.ServletContext#getAttributeNames()
	 * @see javax.servlet.ServletContext#getAttribute(String)
	 */
	String CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTES_BEAN_NAME = "contextAttributes";


	/**
	 * Return the standard Servlet API ServletContext for this application.
	 * <p>Also available for a Portlet application, in addition to the PortletContext.
	 */
	ServletContext getServletContext();

}
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其中，key为org.springframework.web.context.WebApplicationContext#ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUT属性的值。 在很多情况下，我们还会配置一个或者多个DispatcherServlet，每个DispatcherServlet都有一个自己的WebApplicationContext上下文。这个上下文是私有的，继承了根上下文的所有内容，该上下文保存在ServletContext中，key是org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet#SERVLET_CONTEXT_PREFIX的值+servlet名称。当一个Request对象产生时，会把这个WebApplicationContext上下文保存在Request对象中。

为了避免双亲上下文，可以不使用Listener监听器加载Spring配置，直接使用 DispatcherServlet加载Srping配置。

摘自《Java工程师修炼之道》

转载于:https://juejin.im/post/5bd9025b6fb9a05cdf30e5c5