CCNP-29 DHCP 2(BSCI)

CCNP-29 DHCP 2

实验拓扑：

实验要求： R1 配置为 DHCP SERVER ， R2 配置为 DHCP 中继代理， R3 配置为 DHCP CLIENT 。

试验目的：掌握路由器 DHCP helper-addresss 的配置方法。

实验配置：

R1 ：

DHCPSERVER(config)#service dhcp

DHCPSERVER(config)#ip dhcp pool ccnp

DHCPSERVER(dhcp-config)#network 199.99.1.0 255.255.255.0

DHCPSERVER(dhcp-config)#default-router 199.99.1.1

DHCPSERVER(dhcp-config)#dns-server 199.99.1.253 199.99.1.254

DHCPSERVER(dhcp-config)#domain-name cisco.com

DHCPSERVER(dhcp-config)#lease 2

DHCPSERVER(dhcp-config)#exit

DHCPSERVER(config)#ip dhcp excluded-address 199.99.1.250 199.99.1.254

DHCPSERVER(config)#int f0/0

DHCPSERVER(config-if)#ip add 10.1.1.1 255.255.255.0

DHCPSERVER(config-if)#no shu

DHCPSERVER(config-if)#exit

DHCPSERVER(config)#ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 10.1.1.2

DHCPSERVER(config)#end

 

R2 ：

DHCPRELAYAGENT(config)#int f0/0

DHCPRELAYAGENT(config-if)#ip add 10.1.1.2 255.255.255.0

DHCPRELAYAGENT(config-if)#no shu

DHCPRELAYAGENT(config-if)#exit

DHCPRELAYAGENT(config)#int f1/0

DHCPRELAYAGENT(config-if)#ip add 199.99.1.1 255.255.255.0

DHCPRELAYAGENT(config-if)#ip helper-address 10.1.1.1 // 设置 helper-address 为 DHCP SERVER 的地址。

DHCPRELAYAGENT(config-if)#no shu

DHCPRELAYAGENT(config-if)#exit

DHCPRELAYAGENT(config)#ip forward-protocol udp bootpc// 允许 bootpc （ 68 ）通过

DHCPRELAYAGENT(config)#ip forward-protocol udp bootps// 允许 bootpc （ 67 ）通过

DHCPRELAYAGENT(config)#ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 f0/0

DHCPRELAYAGENT(config)#end

 

R3 ：

DHCPCLIENT(config)#int f0/0

DHCPCLIENT(config-if)#ip add dhcp

DHCPCLIENT(config-if)#no shu

上面的是基本的配置，因为在接口设置完 ip helper-address 后，接口会转发所有的广播数据包，所以我们可以配置 ip forward-protocol 来控制转发广播包的类型，配置完成后我们看看 R3 的 F0/0 接口能不能获得正确的 IP 地址：

DHCPCLIENT#show ip int br

Interface                  IP-Address      OK? Method Status                Protocol

FastEthernet0/0            199.99.1.2      YES DHCP   up                    up      

OK ，得到了 199.99.1.2 这个 IP 地址，接下来我们在 R2 上开启 debug ip dhcp server packet ，然后再回到 R3 的 F0/0 接口，把它 shut ，再 no shut ，观察 R2 上出现的 debug 信息：

DHCPRELAYAGENT#debug ip dhcp server packet

DHCPRELAYAGENT#

*Mar  1 00:10:57.603: IP: s=0.0.0.0 (FastEthernet1/0), d=255.255.255.255, len 604, rcvd 2

*Mar  1 00:10:57.607: DHCPD: setting giaddr to 199.99.1.1.

*Mar  1 00:10:57.607: IP: tableid=0, s=199.99.1.1 (local), d=10.1.1.1 (FastEthernet0/0), routed via FIB

*Mar  1 00:10:57.607: IP: s=199.99.1.1 (local), d=10.1.1.1 (FastEthernet0/0), len 604, sending

*Mar  1 00:10:57.611: DHCPD: BOOTREQUEST from 0063.6973.636f.2d63.6330.302e.3064.3034.2e30.3030.302d.4661.302f.30 forwarded to 10.1.1.1.

*Mar  1 00:10:57.831: IP: tableid=0, s=10.1.1.1 (FastEthernet0/0), d=199.99.1.3 (FastEthernet1/0), routed via RIB

*Mar  1 00:10:57.831: IP: s=10.1.1.1 (FastEthernet0/0), d=199.99.1.3 (FastEthernet1/0), g=199.99.1.3, len 56, forward

*Mar  1 00:10:57.835: IP: s=10.1.1.1 (FastEthernet0/0), d=199.99.1.3 (FastEthernet1/0), len 56, encapsulation failed // 不知道为什么会出现封装错误的提示。

*Mar  1 00:10:59.751: IP: tableid=0, s=10.1.1.1 (FastEthernet0/0), d=199.99.1.1 (FastEthernet1/0), routed via RIB

*Mar  1 00:10:59.751: IP: s=10.1.1.1 (FastEthernet0/0), d=199.99.1.1, len 329, rcvd 4

*Mar  1 00:10:59.755: DHCPD: forwarding BOOTREPLY to client cc00.0d04.0000.

*Mar  1 00:10:59.755: DHCPD: broadcasting BOOTREPLY to client cc00.0d04.0000.

*Mar  1 00:10:59.759: IP: s=199.99.1.1 (local), d=255.255.255.255 (FastEthernet1/0), len 329, sending broad/multicast

*Mar  1 00:10:59.939: IP: s=0.0.0.0 (FastEthernet1/0), d=255.255.255.255, len 604, rcvd 2 // 在接口 F1/0 收到广播包。

*Mar  1 00:10:59.943: DHCPD: Finding a relay for client 0063.6973.636f.2d63.6330.302e.3064.3034.2e30.3030.302d.4661.302f.30 on interface FastEthernet1/0.// 在接口 F1/0 寻找中继

*Mar  1 00:10:59.943: DHCPD: setting giaddr to 199.99.1.1.// 寻找到中继接口 199.99.1.1 （自己的理解）

*Mar  1 00:10:59.943: IP: tableid=0, s=199.99.1.1 (local), d=10.1.1.1 (FastEthernet0/0), routed via FIB // 把原地址设置为自己，目的地址为 DHCP SERVER ，根据转发信息表 (FIB) 转发。

*Mar  1 00:10:59.947: IP: s=199.99.1.1 (local), d=10.1.1.1 (FastEthernet0/0), len 604, sending

*Mar  1 00:10:59.947: DHCPD: BOOTREQUEST from 0063.6973.636f.2d63.6330.302e.3064.3034.2e30.3030.302d.4661.302f.30 forwarded to 10.1.1.1.

*Mar  1 00:11:00.131: IP: tableid=0, s=10.1.1.1 (FastEthernet0/0), d=199.99.1.1 (FastEthernet1/0), routed via RIB// 收到 DHCP SERVER 的单播数据包。

*Mar  1 00:11:00.131: IP: s=10.1.1.1 (FastEthernet0/0), d=199.99.1.1, len 352, rcvd 4

*Mar  1 00:11:00.135: DHCPD: forwarding BOOTREPLY to client cc00.0d04.0000.// 转发 BOOTREPLY 给 cc00.0d04.0000 。

*Mar  1 00:11:00.135: DHCPD: broadcasting BOOTREPLY to client cc00.0d04.0000.// 广播 BOOTREPLY 给 cc00.0d04.0000 。

*Mar  1 00:11:00.139: IP: s=199.99.1.1 (local), d=255.255.255.255 (FastEthernet1/0), len 352, sending broad/multicast// 向局域网内广播。

从上面的信息可以知道 R2 把 R3 发送来的广播包转变为单播数据包发送给 R1 ，把 R1 发来的单播数据包转变为广播包在局域网内广播。

然后我们再到 R3 上查看一下：

DHCPCLIENT#show ip int br

Interface                  IP-Address      OK? Method Status                Protocol

FastEthernet0/0            199.99.1.3      YES DHCP   up                    up     

得到了 IP 199.99.1.3 。

DHCPCLIENT#show dhcp server

   DHCP server: ANY (255.255.255.255)

    Leases:   2

    Offers:   2      Requests: 2     Acks : 2     Naks: 0

    Declines: 0      Releases: 3     Query: 0     Bad: 0

    DNS0:   199.99.1.253,   DNS1:  199.99.1.254

    Subnet: 255.255.255.0   DNS Domain: cisco.com

 

DHCPCLIENT#

*Mar  1 00:12:16.211:

-----Additional Debug------

*Mar  1 00:12:16.211: DHCP process ID 61 status 10

*Mar  1 00:12:16.211: DHCP Network Discovery is disabled

*Mar  1 00:12:16.211: DHCP NetDiscovery Informs 0 Discovers 0 Period 0 

DHCPCLIENT#

DHCPCLIENT#show dhcp lease

Temp IP addr: 199.99.1.3  for peer on Interface: FastEthernet0/0

Temp  sub net mask: 255.255.255.0

   DHCP Lease server: 10.1.1.1, state: 3 Bound

   DHCP transaction id: 105F

   Lease: 172800 secs,  Renewal: 86400 secs,  Rebind: 151200 secs

Temp default-gateway addr: 199.99.1.1

   Next timer fires after: 23:58:03

   Retry count: 0   Client-ID: cisco-cc00.0d04.0000-Fa0/0

   Client-ID hex dump: 636973636F2D636330302E306430342E

                       303030302D4661302F30

   Hostname: DHCPCLIENT

也得到了 DNS 和 DNS Domain 的信息，租期为 2 天（ 172800 secs ）。

DHCPCLIENT#show ip route    

Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP

       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area

       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2

       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2

       i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2

       ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route

       o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route

 

Gateway of last resort is 199.99.1.1 to network 0.0.0.0

 

C    199.99.1.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0

     10.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

S       10.1.1.1 [254/0] via 199.99.1.1, FastEthernet0/0

S*   0.0.0.0/0 [254/0] via 199.99.1.1

还得到了默认网关的信息，还有一条到 DHCP SERVER 的静态路由。

实验总结：掌握基本的路由器 DHCP helper-address 的配置方法。

本文转自loveme2351CTO博客，原文链接： http://blog.51cto.com/loveme23/51136  ，如需转载请自行联系原作者