Objective-C Reflection(Objective-C 反射机制)
NSObject 方法
除了个别例外,Cocoa 中大部分类都是 NSObject 的子类,因此大部分对象都继承了它所定义的方法。
NSObject 提供了一些简单的查询运行时系统信息的方法:
- - (BOOL)isKindOfClass:(Class)aClass
Returns a Boolean value that indicates whether the receiver is an instance of given class or an instance of any class that inherits from that class. - - (BOOL)isMemberOfClass:(Class)aClass
Returns a Boolean value that indicates whether the receiver is an instance of a given class. - - (BOOL)respondsToSelector:(SEL)aSelector
Returns a Boolean value that indicates whether the receiver implements or inherits a method that can respond to a specified message. - - (BOOL)conformsToProtocol:(Protocol *)aProtocol
Returns a Boolean value that indicates whether the receiver conforms to a given protocol.
if ([@"Hello World" isKindOfClass:[NSObject class]]) { NSLog(@"YES"); } else { NSLog(@"NO"); } if ([@"Hello World" isMemberOfClass:[NSObject class]]) { NSLog(@"YES"); } else { NSLog(@"NO"); } if ([self respondsToSelector:@selector(test)]) { NSLog(@"YES"); } else { NSLog(@"NO"); } if ([self conformsToProtocol:@protocol(NSObject)]) { NSLog(@"YES"); } else { NSLog(@"NO"); }
消息传递
在 Objective-C,直到运行时消息才会绑定到方法实现。
编译器把消息表达式(message expression)转换为调用 Objective-C 运行时函数 objc_msgSend
[receiver message] -> objc_msgSend(receiver, selector)
id objc_msgSend(id theReceiver, SEL theSelector, ...)
Sends a message with a simple return value to an instance of a class.
使用 objc_msgSend 函数,需要引入 Objective-C 运行时头文件:#import <objc/message.h>
[self test];
objc_msgSend(self, @selector(test));
通过定义在 NSObject 类中的方法 methodForSelector: ,你可以请求一个方法实现过程(procedure)的指针。
- (IMP)methodForSelector:(SEL)aSelector
Locates and returns the address of the receiver’s implementation of a method so it can be called as a function.
调用 IMP,头两个需要传递的参数,第一个是消息接收的对象,第二个是 selector。
IMP test = [self methodForSelector:@selector(test)];
test(self, @selector(test));
动态方法
有些情况下,我们会想要提供动态的方法实现。
Objective-C 通过使用 @dynamic 声明属性(property)来告诉编译器,属性(property)相关的方法将会动态地提供。
你可以通过实现方法 resolveInstanceMethod: 和 resolveClassMetho: 为相应的一个实例和类方法来动态地提供一个 selector 实现。
- + (BOOL)resolveInstanceMethod:(SEL)name
Dynamically provides an implementation for a given selector for an instance method. - + (BOOL)resolveClassMethod:(SEL)name
Dynamically provides an implementation for a given selector for a class method.
定义一个 User 类
在 .h 文件,定义属性 name
以往,会在相应的 .m 文件,使用 @synthesize 声明属性 name,这样编译器会自动生成相应的 setter 和 getter 方法
但是,当使用 @dynamic 声明属性 name 时,就必须自己提供相应的 setter 和 getter 方法
Override + (BOOL)resolveInstanceMethod:(SEL)name 方法
当类实例调用 - (void)setName:(NSString) aName 或 -(NSString *)name 方法时,就为其动态地提供方法实现
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h> @interface User : NSObject { NSString *name; } @property (nonatomic, retain) NSString *name; @end
#import "User.h" #import <objc/runtime.h> @implementation User @dynamic name; - (void)dynamicSetName:(NSString *) aName { if (name != nil) { [name release]; name = nil; } [aName retain]; name = aName; } - (NSString *)dynamicName { return name; } + (BOOL)resolveInstanceMethod:(SEL)sel { NSLog(@"Instance Method: %@", NSStringFromSelector(sel)); if ([@"setName:" isEqualToString:NSStringFromSelector(sel)]) { class_addMethod([self class], sel, [self instanceMethodForSelector:@selector(dynamicSetName:)], "v@:"); return YES; } else if ([@"name" isEqualToString:NSStringFromSelector(sel)]) { class_addMethod([self class], sel, [self instanceMethodForSelector:@selector(dynamicName)], "@"); return YES; } return [super resolveInstanceMethod:sel]; } @end