MBR 是英文Master Boot Record的缩写,中文意为主引导记录。硬盘的0磁道的第一个扇区称为MBR,它的大小是512字节,而这个区域可以分为两个部分。第一部分为pre- boot区(预启动区),占446字节;第二部分是Partition table区(分区表),占66个字节,该区相当于一个小程序,作用是判断哪个分区被标记为活动分区,然后去读取那个分区的启动区,并运行该区中的代码。备份MBR的命令是
dd if=/dev/sda(也可以是hda这取决于你硬盘的类型) of=/home/jadeshow/Desktop/mbr.bak bs=512(备份512字节) count=1
那么怎么恢复呢,就是
MBR是由446+64+2组成的.446是引导代码,引导CPU查找分区列表,64是分区列表,一个分区表项占16个字节,这也就是为什么主分区只能有四个的原因了.最后的2就是结束标志了aa55.
kernel /vmlinuz-X.X.X.X 通告内核版本
initrd /initrd-X.X.X.X 告知虚拟文件磁盘位置 (其实这里是可以按TAB不全的.)如图:
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MBR被清除或损坏如何恢复
实验
(1) 备份MBR
dd if=/dev/sda of=mbr.bak bs=512 count=1
(2) 清除MBR
dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sda bs=446 count=1
(3) 故障现象 提示"operating system not found"
(4) 进入rescue模式
#grub-install /dev/sda
#exit 这步不能用reboot
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如何查看备份的MBR记录
、[root@centos5 ~]# hexdump -C mbr.bin
00000000 eb 48 90 10 8e d0 bc 00 b0 b8 00 00 8e d8 8e c0 |.H..............|
00000010 fb be 00 7c bf 00 06 b9 00 02 f3 a4 ea 21 06 00 |...|.........!..|
00000020 00 be be 07 38 04 75 0b 83 c6 10 81 fe fe 07 75 |....8.u........u|
00000030 f3 eb 16 b4 02 b0 01 bb 00 7c b2 80 8a 74 03 02 |.........|...t..|
00000040 80 00 00 80 b7 4c 02 00 00 08 fa 90 90 f6 c2 80 |.....L..........|
00000050 75 02 b2 80 ea 59 7c 00 00 31 c0 8e d8 8e d0 bc |u....Y|..1......|
00000060 00 20 fb a0 40 7c 3c ff 74 02 88 c2 52 be 7f 7d |. ..@|<.t...R..}|
00000070 e8 34 01 f6 c2 80 74 54 b4 41 bb aa 55 cd 13 5a |.4....tT.A..U..Z|
00000080 52 72 49 81 fb 55 aa 75 43 a0 41 7c 84 c0 75 05 |RrI..U.uC.A|..u.|
00000090 83 e1 01 74 37 66 8b 4c 10 be 05 7c c6 44 ff 01 |...t7f.L...|.D..|
000000a0 66 8b 1e 44 7c c7 04 10 00 c7 44 02 01 00 66 89 |f..D|.....D...f.|
000000b0 5c 08 c7 44 06 00 70 66 31 c0 89 44 04 66 89 44 |\..D..pf1..D.f.D|
000000c0 0c b4 42 cd 13 72 05 bb 00 70 eb 7d b4 08 cd 13 |..B..r...p.}....|
000000d0 73 0a f6 c2 80 0f 84 ea 00 e9 8d 00 be 05 7c c6 |s.............|.|
000000e0 44 ff 00 66 31 c0 88 f0 40 66 89 44 04 31 d2 88 |D..f1...@f.D.1..|
000000f0 ca c1 e2 02 88 e8 88 f4 40 89 44 08 31 c0 88 d0 |........@.D.1...|
00000100 c0 e8 02 66 89 04 66 a1 44 7c 66 31 d2 66 f7 34 |...f..f.D|f1.f.4|
00000110 88 54 0a 66 31 d2 66 f7 74 04 88 54 0b 89 44 0c |.T.f1.f.t..T..D.|
00000120 3b 44 08 7d 3c 8a 54 0d c0 e2 06 8a 4c 0a fe c1 |;D.}<.T.....L...|
00000130 08 d1 8a 6c 0c 5a 8a 74 0b bb 00 70 8e c3 31 db |...l.Z.t...p..1.|
00000140 b8 01 02 cd 13 72 2a 8c c3 8e 06 48 7c 60 1e b9 |.....r*....H|`..|
00000150 00 01 8e db 31 f6 31 ff fc f3 a5 1f 61 ff 26 42 |....1.1.....a.&B|
00000160 7c be 85 7d e8 40 00 eb 0e be 8a 7d e8 38 00 eb ||..}.@.....}.8..|
00000170 06 be 94 7d e8 30 00 be 99 7d e8 2a 00 eb fe 47 |...}.0...}.*...G|
00000180 52 55 42 20 00 47 65 6f 6d 00 48 61 72 64 20 44 |RUB .Geom.Hard D|
00000190 69 73 6b 00 52 65 61 64 00 20 45 72 72 6f 72 00 |isk.Read. Error.|
000001a0 bb 01 00 b4 0e cd 10 ac 3c 00 75 f4 c3 00 00 00 |........<.u.....|
000001b0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 9b 6f 01 00 00 00 80 01 |.........o......|
000001c0 01 00 83 fe 3f 0c 3f 00 00 00 8e 2f 03 00 00 00 |....?.?..../....|
000001d0 01 0d 8e fe ff ff cd 2f 03 00 e5 9b 7c 02 00 00 |......./....|...|
000001e0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................|
000001f0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 55 aa |..............U.|
00000200
看到没,55 aa就是结束标志。
转载于:https://blog.51cto.com/2614223/932465