linux中EOF的用法梳理
在linux运维工作中,我们会碰到这样一个场景:
执行脚本的时候,需要往一个文件里自动输入N行内容。如果是少数几行,可以使用echo进行追加,如果是多行内容,再用echo追加就不合适了。
这个时候就可以使用EOF结合cat进行内容的追加了。
下面对EOF的用法进行梳理:
EOF是END OF FILE的缩写,表示自定义终止符。既然是自定义,那么EOF就不是固定的,可以随意设置别名,在Linux中按ctrl+d就可以代表EOF。
其用法如下:
<<EOF //开始
....
EOF //结束
还可以自定义:
<<BBB //开始
....
BBB //结束
通过cat配合重定向并追加操作,在这之前先熟悉几个符号:
< :输入重定向
> :输出重定向
>> :输出重定向,进行追加,不会覆盖之前内容
<< :标准输入来自命令行的一对分隔号的中间内容.
下面通过具体事例来感受下EOF用法的妙处:
- 向文件test.sh中添加内容
[tianqi@tianqi-01 shell]$ cat << EOF > test.sh
> 123456
> 456789
> adgcdg
> EOF
[tianqi@tianqi-01 shell]$ cat test.sh
123456
456789
adgcdg
[tianqi@tianqi-01 shell]$
- 追加内容
[tianqi@tianqi-01 shell]$ cat << EOF >> test.sh
> 777
> 888
> EOF
[tianqi@tianqi-01 shell]$ cat test.sh
123456
456789
adgcdg
777
888
[tianqi@tianqi-01 shell]$
- 覆盖内容
[tianqi@tianqi-01 shell]$ cat << EOF > test.sh
> 5555
> EOF
[tianqi@tianqi-01 shell]$ cat test.sh
5555
[tianqi@tianqi-01 shell]$
- 自定义EOF,比如自定义为tian
[tianqi@tianqi-01 shell]$ cat << tian > example.txt
> aaa
> bbb
> 333
> tian
[tianqi@tianqi-01 shell]$ cat example.txt
aaa
bbb
333
[tianqi@tianqi-01 shell]$
- 可以编写脚本,向一个文件中输入多行内容
[tianqi@tianqi-01 shell]$ touch my.cnf
[tianqi@tianqi-01 shell]$ vim test.sh
#!/bin/bash
cat > /home/tianqi/shell/my.cnf << EOF
/home/tianqi/shell/my.cnf
[client]
port = 3306
socket = /usr/local/mysql/var/mysql.sock
[mysqld]
port = 3306
socket = /usr/local/mysql/var/mysql.sock
basedir = /usr/local/mysql/
datadir = /data/mysql/data
pid-file = /data/mysql/data/mysql.pid
user = mysql
bind-address = 0.0.0.0
server-id = 1
sync_binlog=1
log_bin = mysql-bin
[myisamchk]
key_buffer_size = 8M
sort_buffer_size = 8M
read_buffer = 4M
write_buffer = 4M
sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES
port = 3306
EOF
[tianqi@tianqi-01 shell]$ cat /home/tianqi/shell/my.cnf
/home/tianqi/shell/my.cnf
[client]
port = 3306
socket = /usr/local/mysql/var/mysql.sock
[mysqld]
port = 3306
socket = /usr/local/mysql/var/mysql.sock
basedir = /usr/local/mysql/
datadir = /data/mysql/data
pid-file = /data/mysql/data/mysql.pid
user = mysql
bind-address = 0.0.0.0
server-id = 1
sync_binlog=1
log_bin = mysql-bin
[myisamchk]
key_buffer_size = 8M
sort_buffer_size = 8M
read_buffer = 4M
write_buffer = 4M
sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES
port = 3306
[tianqi@tianqi-01 shell]$