因一下级企业项目需要用到TOMCAT集群，提供两台linux服务器，问了一圈人都没人懂。领导就叫我研究下，实在不行就叫下级企业自己出钱到外边请人装。经过两天的研究，终于是弄成功了，顺便记录一下。
1 规划
1.1 服务器环境规划
我这里把负载服务器及WEB服务器放在了一起
负载服务器master及WEB服务器1真实IP 192.168.10.16
负载服务器backup及WEB服务器2真实IP 192.168.10.17
负载服务器虚拟IP 192.168.10.19
1.2 软件环境规划
--整体环境
操作系统：REDHAT LINUX 5.4 X86-64，内核版本：2.6.18-164.el5
需要安装GCC编译器及openssl等包，操作系统安装时都选上，关闭防火墙或配相关策略
--192.168.10.16及192.168.10.17
安装ipvsadm-1.24-6（目前主流的操作系统都不需要升级内核了）
http://www.linuxvirtualserver.org/software/ipvs.html#kernel-2.6
安装keepalived-1.2.7
http://www.keepalived.org/download.html
--192.168.10.16及192.168.10.17
安装JDK1.6
http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/jdk6u35-downloads-1836443.html
安装TOMCAT6.0
http://tomcat.apache.org/
解压路径：/opt/tomcat60
2 负载服务器配置
假设下载的安装软件都放在/soft
2.1 安装ipvsadm-1.24-6
[root@x3250-1 ~]# cd /soft
[root@x3250-1 soft]# rpm -ivh ipvsadm-1.24-6.src.rpm
[root@x3250-1 soft]# cd /usr/src/redhat/SOURCES
[root@x3250-1 SOURCES]# tar -zxvf ipvsadm-1.24.tar.gz
[root@x3250-1 ipvsadm-1.24]# uname -r
2.6.18-164.el5
[root@x3250-1 ipvsadm-1.24]# ln -s /usr/src/kernels/2.6.18-164.el5-x86_64/ /usr/src/linux
[root@x3250-1 ipvsadm-1.24]# make;make install
2.2 安装keepalived-1.2.7
[root@x3250-1 ipvsadm-1.24]# cd /soft
[root@x3250-1 soft]# tar -zxvf keepalived-1.2.7.tar.gz
[root@x3250-1 soft]# cd keepalived-1.2.7
[root@x3250-1 keepalived-1.2.7]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/keepalived
[root@x3250-1 keepalived-1.2.7]# make;make install
2.3 配置开机启动keepalived服务
方便管理keepalived启动服务，添加到系统开机启动服务中
[root@x3250-1]#cp /usr/local/keepalived/etc/rc.d/init.d/keepalived /etc/rc.d/init.d/
[root@x3250-1]#cp /usr/local/keepalived/etc/sysconfig/keepalived /etc/sysconfig/
[root@x3250-1]#mkdir /etc/keepalived
[root@x3250-1]#cp /usr/local/keepalived/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf /etc/keepalived/
[root@x3250-1]#cp /usr/local/keepalived/sbin/keepalived /usr/sbin/
[root@x3250-1]#chkconfig --add keepalived
[root@x3250-1]#chkconfig keepalived on
[root@x3250-1]#chkconfig --list keepalived
keepalived 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off
2.4 配置keepalived.conf文件
开始配置keepalived.conf文件,两台LVS_server的keepalived.conf配置文件基本都是一样，只需要更改红色标注的地方。
[root@x3250-1]#mv /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf.bak
[root@x3250-1]#vi /etc/keepalived//keepalived.conf
--配置完后要重启服务
[root@x3250-1 keepalived-1.2.7]# service keepalived restart
配置内容如下
! Configuration File for keepalived
global_defs {
notification_email { #设置报警接收邮件地址，可以有多个邮件
acassen@firewall.loc
failover@firewall.loc
sysadmin@firewall.loc
}
notification_email_from Alexandre.Cassen@firewall.loc #设置邮件的发送地址
smtp_server 127.0.0.1 #设置smtp_server服务器的地址
smtp_connect_timeout 30 #设置连接smtp服务器超时时间
router_id LVS_DEVEL #标识keepalived服务的ID号，两边lvs_server服务都一致
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
state MASTER #备份LVS_server服务器上将MASTER改为BACKUP
interface eth0 #网卡设备，提供虚拟IP服务的网卡
virtual_router_id 51
priority 100 #备份LVS_server服务器上必须改为小于100才行，如99
advert_int 1
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass 1111
}
virtual_ipaddress {
192.168.10.19 #虚拟IP地址
}
}
virtual_server 192.168.10.19 8080 {
delay_loop 6 #(每隔6秒查询real_server状态)
lb_algo wrr #(负载均衡调度 算法，常用wlc，rr)
lb_kind DR #(负载均衡转发规则，一般包括DR,NAT,TUN)
protocol TCP #(用TCP协议检查real_server状态)
real_server 192.168.10.16 8080 {
weight 1 #(权重)
TCP_CHECK { #(通过tcpcheck判断real_Server的健康状态)
connect_timeout 3 #(real_Server服务10秒无响应超时)
nb_get_retry 3 #(重连次数3)
delay_before_retry 3 #(重练间隔时间3)
connect_port 8080 #(健康检查端口)
}
}
real_server 192.168.10.17 8080 {
weight 1 #(权重)
TCP_CHECK { #(通过tcpcheck判断real_Server的健康状态)
connect_timeout 3 #(real_Server服务10秒无响应超时)
nb_get_retry 3 #(重连次数3)
delay_before_retry 3 #(重练间隔时间3)
connect_port 8080 #(健康检查端口)
}
}
}
3 WEB服务器配置 3.1 安装JDK１.6
Jdk安装文件放在/soft
[root@x3250-1 ~]cd /soft
[root@x3250-1 ~]#rpm -qa|grep gcj
java-1.4.2-gcj-compat-1.4.2.0-40jpp.115
libgcj-4.1.2-46.el5
libgcj-4.1.2-46.el5
--下面这里先卸载系统自带的jdk 1.4
[root@x3250-1 ~]# rpm -e java-1.4.2-gcj-compat-1.4.2.0-40jpp.115
error: Failed dependencies:
java-gcj-compat >= 1.0.64 is needed by (installed) gjdoc-0.7.7-12.el5.x86_64
java-gcj-compat is needed by (installed) antlr-2.7.6-4jpp.2.x86_64
[root@x3250-1 ~]# rpm -e --nodeps java-1.4.2-gcj-compat-1.4.2.0-40jpp.115
[root@x3250-1 ~]# cd /soft
[root@x3250-1 soft]# chmod +x jdk-6u45-linux-x64-rpm.bin
[root@x3250-1 soft]# ./jdk-6u45-linux-x64-rpm.bin
[root@x3250-1 soft]# java -version
java version "1.6.0_45"
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.6.0_45-b06)
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 20.45-b01, mixed mode)
--添加以下环境变量
[root@x3250-1 soft]# vi /etc/profile
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.6.0_45
export JAVA_BIN=/usr/java/jdk1.6.0_45/bin
export PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin
export CLASSPATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar
export JAVA_HOME JAVA_BIN PATH CLASSPATH
3.2 安装配置TOMCAT 3.2.1 安装及配置
直接解压放到任意目录/opt/tomcat60
a) TOMCAT端口配置
其中server.xml位于Tomcat\conf\ 目录下；例图中为8080端口。
b) 中间层数据库配置
配置文件目录：Tomcat\webapps\ROOT\WEB-INF\classes\
配置文件：applicationContext.xml
c) 中间层系统升级
请更换Tomcat\webapps\ROOT\WEB-INF\classes\com目录
3.2.2 启动tomcat并设置开机自动运行
#cd /opt/tomcat60/bin
#./startup.sh
#cat “/opt/tomcat60/bin/startup.sh” >> /etc/rc.local
3.3 配置LVS脚本 3.3.1 配置脚本
两台web服务器安装http服务（tomcat）后，创建lvs.sh文件赋予权限，配置lvs脚本，脚本作用是抑制arp广播，将请求包都由负载均衡lvs服务分配。
[root@x3250-1 keepalived-1.2.7]# vi /sbin/realdr.sh
#!/bin/bash
VIP=192.168.10.19
/etc/rc.d/init.d/functions
case "$1" in
start)
echo "start LVS of REALServer"
/sbin/ifconfig lo:0 $VIP broadcast $VIP netmask 255.255.255.255 up
# /sbin/route add -host $VIP dev lo:0
echo "1" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_ignore
echo "2" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_announce
echo "1" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_ignore
echo "2" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_announce
;;
stop)
echo "close LVS REALserver"
/sbin/ifconfig lo:0 down
# /sbin/route del -host $VIP dev lo:0
echo "0" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_ignore
echo "0" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_announce
echo "0" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_ignore
echo "0" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_announce
;;
*)
echo "Usage: $0 {start|stop}"
exit 1
esac
3.3.2 设置开机运行LVS脚本
[root@x3250-1 keepalived-1.2.7]# chmod 755 /sbin/realdr.sh
[root@x3250-1 keepalived-1.2.7]# /sbin/realdr.sh start
[root@x3250-1 keepalived-1.2.7]#cat “/sbin/realdr.sh start” > /etc/rc.local
4 测试
在/opt/tomcat60/webapps/ROOT下新建ip.html文件，192.168.10.16中该文件内容为192.168.10.16，192.168.10.17中该文件内容为192.168.10.17，用于通过虚拟IP访问的时候能从页面看出连接的是哪一台服务器
4.1 负载均衡
如果多次打开浏览器，通过虚拟IP访问网站，应当会将负载均衡到两台服务器上
第一次打开一个浏览器中输入http://192.168.10.19:8080/ip.html，显示192.168.10.16（或17）
第二次打开浏览器（新开浏览器窗口），输入http://192.168.10.19:8080/ip.html，显示192.168.10.17（或16）
4.2 故障转移
停止192.168.10.16上TOMCAT服务，这时通过虚拟IP就能访问到网站，且是访问的192.168.17服务器
[root@x3250-1 bin]# /opt/tomcat60/bin/shutdown.sh
Using CATALINA_BASE: /opt/tomcat60
Using CATALINA_HOME: /opt/tomcat60
Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /opt/tomcat60/temp
Using JRE_HOME: /usr/java/jdk1.6.0_45
第一次打开一个浏览器中输入http://192.168.10.19:8080/ip.html，显示192.168.10.17
第二次打开浏览器（新开浏览器窗口），输入http://192.168.10.19:8080/ip.html，显示192.168.10.17
可以看到网站依然可以访问，且都是访问的192.168.10.17服务器，此时我们再将192.168.10.16服务器的tomcat服务启动，应又能进行负载均衡
[root@x3250-1 bin]# /opt/tomcat60/bin/startup.sh
Using CATALINA_BASE: /opt/tomcat60
Using CATALINA_HOME: /opt/tomcat60
Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /opt/tomcat60/temp
Using JRE_HOME: /usr/java/jdk1.6.0_45
5 其它操作 5.1 查看WEB服务器虚拟IP
查看方法：ip add show，因为我们这里是WEB服务器和LVS服务器是同一台机器，所以本处lo及eth0上都有虚拟IP地址，WEB服务器上是看lo这里
[root@x3250-1 bin]# ip add show
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 16436 qdisc noqueue
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
inet 192.168.10.19/32 brd 192.168.10.19 scope global lo:0
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: usb0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast qlen 1000
link/ether 36:40:b5:88:68:f2 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet6 fe80::3440:b5ff:fe88:68f2/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast qlen 100
link/ether 34:40:b5:88:68:ef brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.10.16/24 brd 192.168.10.255 scope global eth0
inet 192.168.10.19/32 scope global eth0
inet6 fe80::3640:b5ff:fe88:68ef/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
4: eth1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc noop qlen 1000
link/ether 34:40:b5:88:68:f0 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
5: sit0: <NOARP> mtu 1480 qdisc noop
link/sit 0.0.0.0 brd 0.0.0.0
5.2 两台lvs_server服务器都启动keepalived服务
已经设置为开机以服务的形势自动启动，仅当虚拟IP无法访问时尝试重启
[root@x3250-1 bin]# service keepalived restart
5.3 查看主机lvs_server服务器上的虚拟ip
查看主机lvs_server服务器上的虚拟ip是否有绑定到eth0接口上，因为我们这里是WEB服务器和LVS服务器是同一台机器，所以本处lo及eth0上都有虚拟IP地址，LVS服务器上是看eth0这里
[root@x3250-1 bin]# ip add show
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 16436 qdisc noqueue
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
inet 192.168.10.19/32 brd 192.168.10.19 scope global lo:0
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: usb0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast qlen 1000
link/ether 36:40:b5:88:68:f2 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet6 fe80::3440:b5ff:fe88:68f2/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast qlen 100
link/ether 34:40:b5:88:68:ef brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.10.16/24 brd 192.168.10.255 scope global eth0
inet 192.168.10.19/32 scope global eth0
inet6 fe80::3640:b5ff:fe88:68ef/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
4: eth1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc noop qlen 1000
link/ether 34:40:b5:88:68:f0 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
5: sit0: <NOARP> mtu 1480 qdisc noop
link/sit 0.0.0.0 brd 0.0.0.0
5.4 查看负载均衡状态
在LVS服务器上查看
[root@x3250-1 bin]# ipvsadm
IP Virtual Server version 1.2.1 (size=4096)
Prot LocalAddress:Port Scheduler Flags
-> RemoteAddress:Port Forward Weight ActiveConn InActConn
TCP 192.168.10.19:webcache wrr
-> 192.168.10.16:webcache Local 1 0 0
-> 192.168.10.17:webcache Route 1 0 0
5.5 TOMCAT启动与停止
停TOMCAT服务
[root@x3250-1 bin]#/opt/tomcat60/bin/shutdown.sh
启动TOMCAT服务
[root@x3250-1 bin]#/opt/tomcat60/bin/startup.sh
5.6 查看lvs_server服务器启动keepalived的日志信息
[root@x3250-1 bin]#tail -f /var/log/messages
转载于:https://blog.51cto.com/10880347/1338723
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