1.3 实验配置及验证 方法

   (1) 在R1和R2，PC1和PC2上做好基础配置，分别在PC1和PC2上ping<?xml:namespace prefix = st1 ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" />10.1.1.1  traceroute 10.1.1.1
<?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" />

 

 PC1#ping 10.1.1.1

 

Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 10.1.1.1, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 12/230/1076 ms
PC1#tr
PC1#traceroute 10.1.1.1

 

Type escape sequence to abort.
Tracing the route to 10.1.1.1

 

  1 192.168.1.1 32 msec *  36 msec        //走的是192.168.1.1 网管

 

 

 

PC2#ping 10.1.1.1

 

Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 10.1.1.1, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 12/216/1020 ms
PC2#tr
PC2#traceroute 10.1.1.1

 

Type escape sequence to abort.
Tracing the route to 10.1.1.1

 

  1 192.168.1.2 52 msec *  28 msec   //走的是192.168.1.12网管

 

 

（2） 此时down掉R2的f0/0接口，分别在R1和R2上ping10.1.1.1  traceroute 10.1.1.1

 

PC1#ping 10.1.1.1

 

Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 10.1.1.1, timeout is 2 seconds:
.....
Success rate is 0 percent (0/5)
PC1#tr
PC1#traceroute 10.1.1.1

 

Type escape sequence to abort.
Tracing the route to 10.1.1.1

 

  1  *  *  *
  2  *  *  *
  3  *  *  *
  4  *  *  *
  5  *  *  *
  6  *  *  *
  7  *  *  *
  8  *  *  *     // R1已经ping不通10.1.1.1 且没有网关

 

PC2#ping 10.1.1.1     

 

Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 10.1.1.1, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 8/219/1024 ms
PC2#traceroute 10.1.1.1

 

Type escape sequence to abort.
Tracing the route to 10.1.1.1

 

  1 192.168.1.2 88 msec *  56 msec    // PC2任然可以ping同10.1.1.1，且通过R2

 

 

这个问题说明并没有真正利用好两个路由器之间的冗余，没有起到他们应有的作用，下面通过配置VRRP实现他们的冗余
（3） 在R1和R2上配置VRRP
R1(config-if)#vrrp 1 ip 192.168.1.1
*Mar  1 00:13:09.867: %VRRP-6-STATECHANGE: Fa0/0 Grp 1 state Init -> Master  //显示R1处于Master
R1(config-if)#vrrp 1 priority 200
% Priority change will have no effect whilst interface is VRRP address owner
R1(config-if)#vrrp 1 preem
R2(config-if)#vrrp 1 priority 100
R2(config-if)#vrrp 1 preempt

 

R2(config-if)#vrrp 1 ip 192.168.1.1
*Mar  1 00:14:42.443: %VRRP-6-STATECHANGE: Fa0/0 Grp 1 state Init -> Backup // 显示R2处于备份状态， 因为R2的优先级100小于R1的优先级200
R1(config-if)#vrrp 2 ip  192.168.1.2
R1(config-if)#
*Mar  1 00:15:15.607: %VRRP-6-STATECHANGE: Fa0/0 Grp 2 state Init -> Backup
R1(config-if)#
*Mar  1 00:15:19.219: %VRRP-6-STATECHANGE: Fa0/0 Grp 2 state Backup -> Master
R1(config-if)#
*Mar  1 00:15:19.303: %IP-4-DUPADDR: Duplicate address 192.168.1.2 on FastEthernet0/0, sourced by cc01.0cd8.0000
R1(config-if)#vrrp 2 priority 100
R1(config-if)#
*Mar  1 00:15:49.731: %IP-4-DUPADDR: Duplicate address 192.168.1.2 on FastEthernet0/0, sourced by cc01.0cd8.0000
R1(config-if)#vrrp 2 preempt

 

 

R2(config-if)#vrrp 2 ip 192.168.1.2
R2(config-if)#
*Mar  1 00:16:10.815: %VRRP-6-STATECHANGE: Fa0/0 Grp 2 state Init -> Master // 可见R2处于Active状态
R2(config-if)#vrrp 2 pri
R2(config-if)#vrrp 2 priority 200
% Priority change will have no effect whilst interface is VRRP address owner
R2(config-if)#vrrp 2 preem
R2(config-if)#vrrp 2 preempt

 

为验证，再查看R1和R2的vrrp信息
R1#sh vrrp
FastEthernet0/0 - Group 1 
  State is Master    //状态时Master状态 
  Virtual IP address is 192.168.1.1
  Virtual MAC address is 0000.5e00.0101
  Advertisement interval is 1.000 sec
  Preemption enabled
  Priority is 255 (cfgd 200)
  Master Router is 192.168.1.1 (local), priority is 255  // Master Router 是192.168.1.1
  Master Advertisement interval is 1.000 sec
  Master Down interval is 3.003 sec

 

FastEthernet0/0 - Group 2 
  State is Backup    //状态时Backup状态 
  Virtual IP address is 192.168.1.2
  Virtual MAC address is 0000.5e00.0102
  Advertisement interval is 1.000 sec
  Preemption enabled
  Priority is 100
  Master Router is 192.168.1.2, priority is 255  Master Router 是192.168.1.1
  Master Advertisement interval is 1.000 sec
  Master Down interval is 3.609 sec (expires in 2.717 sec)

 

R2(config-if)#do sh vrrp          
FastEthernet0/0 - Group 1 
  State is Backup 
  Virtual IP address is 192.168.1.1
  Virtual MAC address is 0000.5e00.0101
  Advertisement interval is 1.000 sec
  Preemption enabled
  Priority is 100
  Master Router is 192.168.1.1, priority is 255
  Master Advertisement interval is 1.000 sec
  Master Down interval is 3.609 sec (expires in 2.877 sec)

 

FastEthernet0/0 - Group 2 
  State is Master 
  Virtual IP address is 192.168.1.2
  Virtual MAC address is 0000.5e00.0102
  Advertisement interval is 1.000 sec
  Preemption enabled
  Priority is 255 (cfgd 200)
  Master Router is 192.168.1.2 (local), priority is 255
  Master Advertisement interval is 1.000 sec
  Master Down interval is 3.003 sec

 

在PC1上ping 10.1.1.1  1000个数据包，在中间把R1上的f0/0接口shutdown

 

R1(config-if)#
*Mar  1 00:19:32.791: %VRRP-6-STATECHANGE: Fa0/0 Grp 1 state Master -> Init
*Mar  1 00:19:32.791: %VRRP-6-STATECHANGE: Fa0/0 Grp 2 state Backup -> Init
R1(config-if)#no shut
R1(config-if)#
*Mar  1 00:20:53.983: %VRRP-6-STATECHANGE: Fa0/0 Grp 1 state Init -> Master

*Mar  1 00:20:53.987: %VRRP-6-STATECHANGE: Fa0/0 Grp 2 state Init -> Backup

 

 

PC1#ping 10.1.1.1 repeat 1000

 

Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 1000, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 10.1.1.1, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!..!!!!!!!!!!!!!!  //在短暂的中断后，又开始ping通
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

 

PC1#traceroute 10.1.1.1     

 

Type escape sequence to abort.
Tracing the route to 10.1.1.1

 

  1 192.168.1.2 68 msec *  28 msec   //经过的网关是192.168.1.2，可见现在已经实现的冗余

 

 

注意：在PC上ping的时候，要用clear arp命令，清除ARP