可重复key的HashMap

---

title: 可重复key的HashMap tags:

• IdentityHashMap
• hashCode
• identityhashcode

categories: jcf date: 2017-09-27 23:27:18

碰到一些需求需要放入可重复key的HashMap，比如Excel需要报错的行号。

那么如果对象实现过hashCode方法和equals 那么放入到hashMap中会出现可能互相覆盖的情形。

原来你是这样的HashMap 正如这篇文章中的测试所说，互相覆盖。

那么就是IdentityHashMap出场的时候啦~

首先了解一下Object的hashCode方法

    /**
     * Returns a hash code value for the object. This method is
     * supported for the benefit of hash tables such as those provided by
     * {@link java.util.HashMap}.
     * <p>
     * The general contract of {@code hashCode} is:
     * <ul>
     * <li>Whenever it is invoked on the same object more than once during
     *     an execution of a Java application, the {@code hashCode} method
     *     must consistently return the same integer, provided no information
     *     used in {@code equals} comparisons on the object is modified.
     *     This integer need not remain consistent from one execution of an
     *     application to another execution of the same application.
     * <li>If two objects are equal according to the {@code equals(Object)}
     *     method, then calling the {@code hashCode} method on each of
     *     the two objects must produce the same integer result.
     * <li>It is <em>not</em> required that if two objects are unequal
     *     according to the {@link java.lang.Object#equals(java.lang.Object)}
     *     method, then calling the {@code hashCode} method on each of the
     *     two objects must produce distinct integer results.  However, the
     *     programmer should be aware that producing distinct integer results
     *     for unequal objects may improve the performance of hash tables.
     * </ul>
     * <p>
     * As much as is reasonably practical, the hashCode method defined by
     * class {@code Object} does return distinct integers for distinct
     * objects. (This is typically implemented by converting the internal
     * address of the object into an integer, but this implementation
     * technique is not required by the
     * Java<font size="-2"><sup>TM</sup></font> programming language.)
     *
     * @return  a hash code value for this object.
     * @see     java.lang.Object#equals(java.lang.Object)
     * @see     java.lang.System#identityHashCode
     */
    public native int hashCode();
复制代码

文章中提到了java.lang.System#identityHashCode 那么我们看一下这两个数据有没有差别

这里面包含了IntegerCache的相关知识可以各位详细看看Integer的源码

我们可以看出hashCode计算出来（未复写Object）的值和identityHashCode计算出来的相同（估计就是一个值)

    /**
     * Returns the same hash code for the given object as
     * would be returned by the default method hashCode(),
     * whether or not the given object's class overrides
     * hashCode().
     * The hash code for the null reference is zero.
     *
     * @param x object for which the hashCode is to be calculated
     * @return  the hashCode
     * @since   JDK1.1
     */
    public static native int identityHashCode(Object x);
复制代码

bingo~就是和hashCode返回一样【而toString中并不是内存地址而是hashCode的hexString】

    /**
     * Returns a string representation of the object. In general, the
     * {@code toString} method returns a string that
     * "textually represents" this object. The result should
     * be a concise but informative representation that is easy for a
     * person to read.
     * It is recommended that all subclasses override this method.
     * <p>
     * The {@code toString} method for class {@code Object}
     * returns a string consisting of the name of the class of which the
     * object is an instance, the at-sign character `{@code @}', and
     * the unsigned hexadecimal representation of the hash code of the
     * object. In other words, this method returns a string equal to the
     * value of:
     * <blockquote>
     * <pre>
     * getClass().getName() + '@' + Integer.toHexString(hashCode())
     * </pre></blockquote>
     *
     * @return  a string representation of the object.
     */
    public String toString() {
        return getClass().getName() + "@" + Integer.toHexString(hashCode());
    }
复制代码

那么来看一下IdentityHashMap对应的实现

    /**
     * Constructs a new, empty identity hash map with a default expected
     * maximum size (21).
     */
    public IdentityHashMap() {
        init(DEFAULT_CAPACITY);
    }
     
    /**
     * Constructs a new, empty map with the specified expected maximum size.
     * Putting more than the expected number of key-value mappings into
     * the map may cause the internal data structure to grow, which may be
     * somewhat time-consuming.
     *
     * @param expectedMaxSize the expected maximum size of the map
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if <tt>expectedMaxSize</tt> is negative
     */
    public IdentityHashMap(int expectedMaxSize) {
        if (expectedMaxSize < 0)
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("expectedMaxSize is negative: "
                                               + expectedMaxSize);
        init(capacity(expectedMaxSize));
    }
     
    /**
     * Returns the appropriate capacity for the specified expected maximum
     * size.  Returns the smallest power of two between MINIMUM_CAPACITY
     * and MAXIMUM_CAPACITY, inclusive, that is greater than
     * (3 * expectedMaxSize)/2, if such a number exists.  Otherwise
     * returns MAXIMUM_CAPACITY.  If (3 * expectedMaxSize)/2 is negative, it
     * is assumed that overflow has occurred, and MAXIMUM_CAPACITY is returned.
     */
    private int capacity(int expectedMaxSize) {
        // Compute min capacity for expectedMaxSize given a load factor of 2/3
        int minCapacity = (3 * expectedMaxSize)/2;
     
        // Compute the appropriate capacity
        int result;
        if (minCapacity > MAXIMUM_CAPACITY || minCapacity < 0) {
            result = MAXIMUM_CAPACITY;
        } else {
            result = MINIMUM_CAPACITY;
            while (result < minCapacity)
                result <<= 1;
        }
        return result;
    }
     
    /**
     * Initializes object to be an empty map with the specified initial
     * capacity, which is assumed to be a power of two between
     * MINIMUM_CAPACITY and MAXIMUM_CAPACITY inclusive.
     */
    private void init(int initCapacity) {
        // assert (initCapacity & -initCapacity) == initCapacity; // power of 2
        // assert initCapacity >= MINIMUM_CAPACITY;
        // assert initCapacity <= MAXIMUM_CAPACITY;
     
        threshold = (initCapacity * 2)/3;
        table = new Object[2 * initCapacity];
    }
复制代码

在传入容量的时候和HashMap不一样 其优先计算了1.5倍 恩 这样不需要开发者考虑expectedSize了

查看其get方法

    private static int nextKeyIndex(int i, int len) {
        return (i + 2 < len ? i + 2 : 0);
    }
     
    /**
     * Returns the value to which the specified key is mapped,
     * or {@code null} if this map contains no mapping for the key.
     *
     * <p>More formally, if this map contains a mapping from a key
     * {@code k} to a value {@code v} such that {@code (key == k)},
     * then this method returns {@code v}; otherwise it returns
     * {@code null}.  (There can be at most one such mapping.)
     *
     * <p>A return value of {@code null} does not <i>necessarily</i>
     * indicate that the map contains no mapping for the key; it's also
     * possible that the map explicitly maps the key to {@code null}.
     * The {@link #containsKey containsKey} operation may be used to
     * distinguish these two cases.
     *
     * @see #put(Object, Object)
     */
    public V get(Object key) {
        Object k = maskNull(key);
        Object[] tab = table;
        int len = tab.length;
        int i = hash(k, len);
        while (true) {
            Object item = tab[i];
            if (item == k)
                return (V) tab[i + 1];
            if (item == null)
                return null;
            i = nextKeyIndex(i, len);
        }
    }
复制代码

很明显其使用了item==k 其实就是地址的比较

nextKeyIndex这个方法很有意思 看来是用来解决Hash冲突的。hashMap通过链表完成了冲突的解决。{

查看hash方法

    /**
     * Returns index for Object x.
     */
    private static int hash(Object x, int length) {
        int h = System.identityHashCode(x);
        // Multiply by -127, and left-shift to use least bit as part of hash
        return ((h << 1) - (h << 8)) & (length - 1);
    }
复制代码

直接调用了System.identityHashCode 并且和tab的length进行了hash【和hashMap类似】

那么IdentityHashMap通过挪后2个位置【下一个位置用来放value】来占位置【某些情境下性能确实很差，但是通过threshold为2/3稍微稀疏了一些】

继续查看put方法

    /**
     * Associates the specified value with the specified key in this identity
     * hash map.  If the map previously contained a mapping for the key, the
     * old value is replaced.
     *
     * @param key the key with which the specified value is to be associated
     * @param value the value to be associated with the specified key
     * @return the previous value associated with <tt>key</tt>, or
     *         <tt>null</tt> if there was no mapping for <tt>key</tt>.
     *         (A <tt>null</tt> return can also indicate that the map
     *         previously associated <tt>null</tt> with <tt>key</tt>.)
     * @see     Object#equals(Object)
     * @see     #get(Object)
     * @see     #containsKey(Object)
     */
    public V put(K key, V value) {
        Object k = maskNull(key);
        Object[] tab = table;
        int len = tab.length;
        int i = hash(k, len);
     
        Object item;
        while ( (item = tab[i]) != null) {
            if (item == k) {
                V oldValue = (V) tab[i + 1];
                tab[i + 1] = value;
                return oldValue;
            }
            i = nextKeyIndex(i, len);
        }
     
        modCount++;
        tab[i] = k;
        tab[i + 1] = value;
        if (++size >= threshold)
            resize(len); // len == 2 * current capacity.
        return null;
    }
复制代码

确实可以看到当hash之后发生碰撞直接找到null可以放入为止。

可以看到查找和插入都比较简单。那么如果移除呢

此时需要注意了。因为当前移除的hash可能是后面如果和当前hash一样的需要前移

    /**
     * Removes the mapping for this key from this map if present.
     *
     * @param key key whose mapping is to be removed from the map
     * @return the previous value associated with <tt>key</tt>, or
     *         <tt>null</tt> if there was no mapping for <tt>key</tt>.
     *         (A <tt>null</tt> return can also indicate that the map
     *         previously associated <tt>null</tt> with <tt>key</tt>.)
     */
    public V remove(Object key) {
        Object k = maskNull(key);
        Object[] tab = table;
        int len = tab.length;
        int i = hash(k, len);
     
        while (true) {
            Object item = tab[i];
            if (item == k) {
                modCount++;
                size--;
                V oldValue = (V) tab[i + 1];
                tab[i + 1] = null;
                tab[i] = null;
                closeDeletion(i);
                return oldValue;
            }
            if (item == null)
                return null;
            i = nextKeyIndex(i, len);
        }
     
    }
复制代码

换言之需要当前的数据之后【循环table到头了需要从0从开始】全部数据需要朝前提两个格子知道查找到为null为止

    /**
     * Rehash all possibly-colliding entries following a
     * deletion. This preserves the linear-probe
     * collision properties required by get, put, etc.
     *
     * @param d the index of a newly empty deleted slot
     */
    private void closeDeletion(int d) {
        // Adapted from Knuth Section 6.4 Algorithm R
        Object[] tab = table;
        int len = tab.length;
     
        // Look for items to swap into newly vacated slot
        // starting at index immediately following deletion,
        // and continuing until a null slot is seen, indicating
        // the end of a run of possibly-colliding keys.
        Object item;
        for (int i = nextKeyIndex(d, len); (item = tab[i]) != null;
             i = nextKeyIndex(i, len) ) {
            // The following test triggers if the item at slot i (which
            // hashes to be at slot r) should take the spot vacated by d.
            // If so, we swap it in, and then continue with d now at the
            // newly vacated i.  This process will terminate when we hit
            // the null slot at the end of this run.
            // The test is messy because we are using a circular table.
            int r = hash(item, len);
            if ((i < r && (r <= d || d <= i)) || (r <= d && d <= i)) {
                tab[d] = item;
                tab[d + 1] = tab[i + 1];
                tab[i] = null;
                tab[i + 1] = null;
                d = i;
            }
        }
    }
复制代码

其实key也不重复只是判断“equals”的逻辑发生了变化~