什么是异常
程序运行的过程中发生的一些不正常事件
异常分类
Throwable
Error 错误
Exception
IOException
RuntimeException 编程错误 可以不用采用异常处理
java的异常通过两种机制来处理
捕获 try-catch-finally
try 监控 catch 处理 finally 总是执行
package com.date;
import java.util.InputMismatchException;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class TryDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println("请输入一个数字");
Scanner input=new Scanner(System.in);
int a=input.nextInt();
int res=0;
try {
res=10/a;
}catch (Exception e) {
System.out.println(e.getMessage());
}finally {//释放资源,比如关闭打开的文件
System.out.println("结果为:"+res);
}
/*} catch (InputMismatchException e) {
System.out.println(e.getMessage());
e.printStackTrace();
}catch (ArithmeticException e) {
System.out.println();
}*/
}
}
抛出 throw,throws
throw 手动抛出异常(弹出)
throws 声明方法抛出异常
package com.date;
public class throwDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Bar bar=new Bar();
try {
bar.enter(15);
} catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
System.out.println(e.getMessage());
}
System.out.println("end");
}
}
class Bar{
public void enter(int age) throws IllegalArgumentException {
if(age<19) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("年龄不合格");
}else {
System.out.println("欢迎");
}
}
}
自定义异常
必须从已有的异常类继承
Exception 必须用throws
package com.date;
public class zidingyiyichDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Bar1 bar=new Bar1();
try {
bar.enter(18);
} catch (AgeLessThanEighteenException e) {
System.out.println(e.getMessage());
}
System.out.println("end");
}
}
class AgeLessThanEighteenException extends Exception{
private String message;//描述异常信息
public AgeLessThanEighteenException(String message) {
this.message = message;
}
@Override
public String getMessage() {
return message;
}
}
class Bar1{
public void enter(int age) throws AgeLessThanEighteenException {
if(age<19) {
throw new AgeLessThanEighteenException("年龄不合格");
}else {
System.out.println("欢迎");
}
}
}