ART堆内存由若干个space组成，map表中的space的布局如下：
00000000'12c00000-00000000'12e68fff rw- 0 269000 /dev/ashmem/dalvik-main space (deleted)
00000000'12e69000-00000000'22bfffff --- 269000 fd97000 /dev/ashmem/dalvik-main space (deleted)
00000000'32c00000-00000000'32c00fff rw- 0 1000 /dev/ashmem/dalvik-main space 1 (deleted)
00000000'32c01000-00000000'42bfffff --- 1000 ffff000 /dev/ashmem/dalvik-main space 1 (deleted)
00000000'6f064000-00000000'6feb5fff rw- 0 e52000 /data/dalvik-cache/arm64/system@framework@boot.art
00000000'6feb6000-00000000'7232efff r-- 0 2479000 /data/dalvik-cache/arm64/system@framework@boot.oat
00000000'7232f000-00000000'74825fff r-x 2479000 a36000 /data/dalvik-cache/arm64/system@framework@boot.oat
00000000'74826000-00000000'74826fff rw- 4970000 1000 /data/dalvik-cache/arm64/system@framework@boot.oat
00000000'74827000-00000000'749a6fff rw- 0 180000 /dev/ashmem/dalvik-zygote space (deleted)
00000000'749a7000-00000000'749a7fff rw- 0 1000 /dev/ashmem/dalvik-non moving space (deleted)
00000000'749a8000-00000000'749b9fff rw- 1000 12000 /dev/ashmem/dalvik-non moving space (deleted)
00000000'749ba000-00000000'78027fff --- 13000 366e000 /dev/ashmem/dalvik-non moving space (deleted)
00000000'78028000-00000000'78826fff rw- 3681000 7ff000 /dev/ashmem/dalvik-non moving space (deleted)
00000000'78827000-00000000'98826fff rw- 0 20000000 /dev/ashmem/dalvik-free list large object space (deleted)
非等比例图如下：
如上图，可分为如下几种space：main space、image space、zygote space、non moving space、large object space。
这些space是在art::gc::Heap类的构造函数中被创建出来，其调用流程如下：
main()@frameworks/base/cmds/app_process/app_main.cpp
android::AndroidRuntime::startVm()@frameworks/base/core/jni/AndroidRuntime.cpp
JNI_CreateJavaVM()@art/runtime/java_vm_ext.cc
art::Runtime::Create()@art/runtime/runtime.cc
art::Runtime::Init()@art/runtime/runtime.cc
art::gc::Heap::Heap()@art/runtime/gc/heap.cc
构建space的代码如下:
Heap::Heap(...) { ... if (!image_file_name.empty()) { std::string error_msg; //加载boot.art和boot.oat，构建image space auto* image_space = space::ImageSpace::Create(image_file_name.c_str(), image_instruction_set, &error_msg); if (image_space != nullptr) { AddSpace(image_space); uint8_t* oat_file_end_addr = image_space->GetImageHeader().GetOatFileEnd(); requested_alloc_space_begin = AlignUp(oat_file_end_addr, kPageSize); } } bool separate_non_moving_space = is_zygote || support_homogeneous_space_compaction || IsMovingGc(foreground_collector_type_) || IsMovingGc(background_collector_type_); std::unique_ptr<MemMap> main_mem_map_1; std::unique_ptr<MemMap> main_mem_map_2; uint8_t* request_begin = requested_alloc_space_begin; if (separate_non_moving_space) { const char* space_name = is_zygote ? kZygoteSpaceName: kNonMovingSpaceName; //zygote space的map，起始地址紧挨着boot.oat，大小为64M non_moving_space_mem_map.reset(MemMap::MapAnonymous(space_name, requested_alloc_space_begin, non_moving_space_capacity, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, true, false, &error_str)); request_begin = reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(300 * MB); } if (foreground_collector_type_ != kCollectorTypeCC) { if (separate_non_moving_space) { // main space 1的map main_mem_map_1.reset(MapAnonymousPreferredAddress(kMemMapSpaceName[0], request_begin, capacity_/*512M*/, &error_str)); } } if (support_homogeneous_space_compaction || background_collector_type_ == kCollectorTypeSS ||foreground_collector_type_ == kCollectorTypeSS) { //main space 2的map main_mem_map_2.reset(MapAnonymousPreferredAddress(kMemMapSpaceName[1], main_mem_map_1->End(), capacity_, &error_str)); } if (separate_non_moving_space) { const size_t size = non_moving_space_mem_map->Size(); // 构建zygote space non_moving_space_ = space::DlMallocSpace::CreateFromMemMap(non_moving_space_mem_map.release(), "zygote / non moving space", kDefaultStartingSize, initial_size, size, size, false); non_moving_space_->SetFootprintLimit(non_moving_space_->Capacity()); AddSpace(non_moving_space_); } if (foreground_collector_type_ == kCollectorTypeCC) { ... } else if (IsMovingGc(foreground_collector_type_) && foreground_collector_type_ != kCollectorTypeGSS) { } else { //构建main space 1 CreateMainMallocSpace(main_mem_map_1.release(), initial_size/*2M*/, growth_limit_/*256M*/, capacity_/*512M*/); AddSpace(main_space_); if (foreground_collector_type_ == kCollectorTypeGSS) { ... } else if (main_mem_map_2.get() != nullptr) { const char* name = kUseRosAlloc ? kRosAllocSpaceName[1] : kDlMallocSpaceName[1]; //构建main space 2 main_space_backup_.reset(CreateMallocSpaceFromMemMap(main_mem_map_2.release(), initial_size, growth_limit_, capacity_, name, true)); AddSpace(main_space_backup_.get()); } } //构建large object space if (large_object_space_type == space::LargeObjectSpaceType::kFreeList) { large_object_space_ = space::FreeListSpace::Create("free list large object space", nullptr, capacity_); } ... if (large_object_space_ != nullptr) { AddSpace(large_object_space_); } }
【image space】
根据boot.art这个内存镜像文件创建的space，映射地址是boot.art里指定的。
这块有系统的java类，其内存不会被释放，所以也不需要有堆管理模块。加载image space的同时会加载boot.oat文件。
【main space】
从300M的地址也就是0x12c00000开始的大小为512M的内存区域，绝大部分的object都利用这段空间。它的堆管理模块是RocAlloc。
有一个相同大小的备用main space区域，暂时不清楚其用途。
【zygote(non moving) space】
紧挨着boot.oat的内存区域，大小为64M，zygote启动时是以non moving space的形式存在，
主要用于non moving的object：主要是non moving的class或者从其他non moving区域里拷贝出来的对象，比如image space就是non moving区域。
它的堆栈管理块是Dlmalloc。
【large object space】
紧挨着non moving spage的区域，申请大于等于12k的基本类型或者string类型的数组时会用到这部分内存，
根据配置可分为FreeListSpace和LargeObjectMapSpace。
其中LargeObjectMapSpace是次alloc和free都会调用系统的mmap和munmap，管理模块逻辑简单，但效率低。
FreeListSpace会一次性mmap一块512M内存，用一个相对复杂点的（相对于RocAlloc和Dlmalloc简单的多）逻辑管理这块内存，效率高比LargeObjectMapSpace高。
一般系统默认用FreeListSpace作为large object space。
在虚拟机初始化完成前，也就是fork第一个进程（system server）前，调用art::gc::Heap::PreZygoteFork()函数进行一次调整，其调用栈为：
main()@frameworks/base/cmds/app_process/app_main.cpp
com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main()@frameworks/base/core/java/com/android/internal/os/ZygoteInit.java
com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.startSystemServer@frameworks/base/core/java/com/android/internal/os/ZygoteInit.java
com.android.internal.os.Zygote.forkSystemServer()@frameworks/base/core/java/com/android/internal/os/Zygote.java
dalvik.system.ZygoteHooks.preFork()@libcore/dalvik/src/main/java/dalvik/system/ZygoteHooks.java
dalvik.system.ZygoteHooks.nativePreFork()@libcore/dalvik/src/main/java/dalvik/system/ZygoteHooks.java
art::ZygoteHooks_nativePreFork()@art/runtime/native/dalvik_system_ZygoteHooks.cc
art::Runtime::PreZygoteFork()@art/runtime/runtime.cc
art::gc::Heap::PreZygoteFork()@art/runtime/gc/heap.cc
调整的目的是将虚拟机初始化阶段生成的main space和non moving space里的对象，合并成一块儿内存，
这部分内存之在虚拟机初始化完成后不会被改变，将他们统一成一个区域，可以共享给所有zygote fork出来的进程，既节省内存，也方便gc管理。
void Heap::PreZygoteFork() { ... if (kCompactZygote) { ... ZygoteCompactingCollector zygote_collector(this); //找到non_moving_space_中的空闲区域，用于插入man_space_里的对象 zygote_collector.BuildBins(non_moving_space_); ... bool reset_main_space = false; if (IsMovingGc(collector_type_)) { ... } else { zygote_collector.SetFromSpace(main_space_); reset_main_space = true; } zygote_collector.SetToSpace(&target_space); zygote_collector.SetSwapSemiSpaces(false); //将main_space_中的对象插入到non_moving_space_中 zygote_collector.Run(kGcCauseCollectorTransition, false); if (reset_main_space) { //重新构建main space main_space_->GetMemMap()->Protect(PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE); madvise(main_space_->Begin(), main_space_->Capacity(), MADV_DONTNEED); MemMap* mem_map = main_space_->ReleaseMemMap(); RemoveSpace(main_space_); space::Space* old_main_space = main_space_; CreateMainMallocSpace(mem_map, kDefaultInitialSize, std::min(mem_map->Size(), growth_limit_), mem_map->Size()); delete old_main_space; AddSpace(main_space_); } else { ... } ... non_moving_space_->SetEnd(target_space.End()); non_moving_space_->SetLimit(target_space.Limit()); } ChangeCollector(foreground_collector_type_); space::MallocSpace* old_alloc_space = non_moving_space_; RemoveSpace(old_alloc_space); //原先的non moving space被拆分为zygote space和新non moving space zygote_space_ = old_alloc_space->CreateZygoteSpace(kNonMovingSpaceName, low_memory_mode_, &non_moving_space_); delete old_alloc_space; AddSpace(zygote_space_); non_moving_space_->SetFootprintLimit(non_moving_space_->Capacity()); AddSpace(non_moving_space_); ... }
合并前main_space_的管理模块是RosAlloc，而non_moving_space_的管理模块是Dlmalloc。
由于合并后的内存是不会被释放的，也就不需要管理模块，所以这种合并是可行的。
space的继承关系如下：
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