oracle不通过,ORACLE_HOME不一致导致实例无法通过本地认证登录

遇到网友咨询，类似故障重现:Liunx平台ORACLE数据库运行正常，ORACLE_SID正确，但是本地登录提示idle instance，tns方式可以正常登录现象

[oracle@xifenfei ~]$ ps -ef|grep pmon

oracle 26295 1 0 04:11 ? 00:00:01 ora_pmon_XFF

oracle 27997 27966 0 05:48 pts/0 00:00:00 grep pmon

[oracle@xifenfei ~]$ env|grep ORA

ORACLE_SID=XFF

ORACLE_BASE=/u01/oracle

ORACLE_HOME=/u01/oracle/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1

[oracle@xifenfei ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.4.0 - Production on Sat Apr 20 05:48:30 2013

Copyright (c) 1982, 2007, Oracle. All Rights Reserved.

Connected to an idle instance.

SQL>

[oracle@xifenfei ~]$ sqlplus sys/xifenfei@XFF as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.4.0 - Production on Sat Apr 20 05:54:49 2013

Copyright (c) 1982, 2007, Oracle. All Rights Reserved.

Connected to:

Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.4.0 - Production

With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

SQL>

对于这样的现象，通过试验重现，并且通过oradebug ipc进行说明。

补充知识点:oracle本地认证是通过ipc进行的，而ipc是直接访问共享内存段的

系统当前状态

系统未启动然后数据库情况

[oracle@xifenfei ~]$ ipcs -m

------ Shared Memory Segments --------

key shmid owner perms bytes nattch status

[oracle@xifenfei ~]$ ps -ef|grep pmon|grep -v grep

[oracle@xifenfei ~]$

启动数据库

确定环境变量ORACLE_SID,ORACLE_HOME

[oracle@xifenfei ~]$ env|grep ORA

ORACLE_SID=XFF

ORACLE_BASE=/u01/oracle

ORACLE_HOME=/u01/oracle/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1

[oracle@xifenfei ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.4.0 - Production on Sat Apr 20 04:10:22 2013

Copyright (c) 1982, 2007, Oracle. All Rights Reserved.

Connected to an idle instance.

SQL> startup

ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 260046848 bytes

Fixed Size 1266896 bytes

Variable Size 83888944 bytes

Database Buffers 167772160 bytes

Redo Buffers 7118848 bytes

Database mounted.

Database opened.

--做debug ipc

SQL> oradebug setmypid

Statement processed.

SQL> oradebug ipc

Information written to trace file.

SQL> oradebug tracefile_name

/u01/oracle/admin/XFF/udump/xff_ora_26852.trc

*** SESSION ID:(152.25) 2013-04-20 04:43:00.983

Dump of unix-generic skgm context

areaflags 000000e7

realmflags 0000000f

mapsize 00000800

protectsize 00001000

lcmsize 00001000

seglen 00200000

largestsize 00000000ffffffff

smallestsize 0000000000400000

stacklimit 0xbdb87e6c

stackdir -1

mode 640

magic acc01ade

Handle: 0xe781de0 `/u01/oracle/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1XFF' --->注意($ORACLE_HOME$ORACLE_SID)

Dump of unix-generic realm handle `/u01/oracle/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1XFF', flags = 00000000

Area #0 `Fixed Size' containing Subareas 0-0

Total size 00000000001354d0 Minimum Subarea size 00000000

Area Subarea Shmid Stable Addr Actual Addr --->主要Shmid

0 0 3080192 0x00000020000000 0x00000020000000

Subarea size Segment size

0000000000136000 000000000fa00000

Area #1 `Variable Size' containing Subareas 2-2

Total size 000000000f000000 Minimum Subarea size 00400000

Area Subarea Shmid Stable Addr Actual Addr

1 2 3080192 0x00000020800000 0x00000020800000

Subarea size Segment size

000000000f000000 000000000fa00000

Area #2 `Redo Buffers' containing Subareas 1-1

Total size 00000000006ca000 Minimum Subarea size 00000000

Area Subarea Shmid Stable Addr Actual Addr

Area Subarea Shmid Stable Addr Actual Addr

[oracle@xifenfei ~]$ ipcs -m

------ Shared Memory Segments --------

key shmid owner perms bytes nattch status

0x6fd58208 3080192 oracle 640 262144000 17

这里证明ipc的处理是通过$ORACLE_HOME$ORACLE_SID进行的,修改ORACLE_HOME，进一步验证

修改ORACLE_HOME

[oracle@xifenfei ~]$ export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/oracle/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/

[oracle@xifenfei ~]$ env|grep ORA

ORACLE_SID=XFF

ORACLE_BASE=/u01/oracle

ORACLE_HOME=/u01/oracle/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/

[oracle@xifenfei ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.4.0 - Production on Sat Apr 20 04:11:46 2013

Copyright (c) 1982, 2007, Oracle. All Rights Reserved.

Connected to an idle instance.

SQL> startup

ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 260046848 bytes

Fixed Size 1266896 bytes

Variable Size 83888944 bytes

Database Buffers 167772160 bytes

Redo Buffers 7118848 bytes

ORA-01102: cannot mount database in EXCLUSIVE mode

[oracle@xifenfei ~]$ ipcs -m

------ Shared Memory Segments --------

key shmid owner perms bytes nattch status

0x6fd58208 3080192 oracle 640 262144000 18

0x079d1b38 3112964 oracle 640 262144000 13

--启动两个同样的sid实例

[oracle@xifenfei ~]$ ps -ef|grep pmon|grep -v grep

oracle 26211 1 0 04:10 ? 00:00:00 ora_pmon_XFF

oracle 26295 1 0 04:11 ? 00:00:00 ora_pmon_XFF

SQL> oradebug setmypid

Statement processed.

SQL> oradebug ipc

Information written to trace file.

SQL> oradebug tracefile_name

/u01/oracle/admin/XFF/udump/xff_ora_27708.trc

*** SESSION ID:(159.5) 2013-04-20 05:32:00.969

Dump of unix-generic skgm context

areaflags 000000e7

realmflags 0000000f

mapsize 00000800

protectsize 00001000

lcmsize 00001000

seglen 00200000

largestsize 00000000ffffffff

smallestsize 0000000000400000

stacklimit 0xbdb5979c

stackdir -1

mode 640

magic acc01ade

Handle: 0xd99ede0 `/u01/oracle/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/XFF'--->注意

Dump of unix-generic realm handle `/u01/oracle/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/XFF', flags = 00000000

进一步证明在linux/unix系统，oracle数据库的内存段是通过ORACLE_HOME和ORACLE_SID结合起来识别的,只要ORACLE_HOME或者ORACLE_SID不一样就不能通过IPC访问实例的内存段,也就不能登录数据库