配置iptables防火墙（二）-CSDN博客

本文介绍如何使用iptables配置DNAT和SNAT策略，实现外网访问内网服务器及内网用户通过网关访问互联网。具体步骤包括清空防火墙规则、确认网络连通性、开启路由转发、设置DNAT映射以及SNAT策略。

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配置iptables防火墙（二）

DNAT策略的应用

1、清空所有表的防火墙

[root@s2 ~]# iptables -F

[root@s2 ~]# iptables -t nat -F

[root@s2 ~]# iptables -t raw -F

[root@s2 ~]# iptables -t mangle -F

2、在网关防火墙上两块网卡

[root@s2 ~]# ifconfig

eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:87:17:A0

inet addr:192.168.10.10 Bcast:192.168.10.255 Mask:255.255.255.0

inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fe87:17a0/64 Scope:Link

UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1

RX packets:53 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0

TX packets:80 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0

collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000

RX bytes:5525 (5.3 KiB) TX bytes:13431 (13.1 KiB)

Interrupt:59 Base address:0x2000

eth1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:87:17:AA

inet addr:200.100.100.1 Bcast:200.100.100.255 Mask:255.255.255.0

确认网关上可以ping通内网客户机，外网客户机

[root@s2 ~]# ping 192.168.10.3

PING 192.168.10.3 (192.168.10.3) 56(84) bytes of data.

64 bytes from 192.168.10.3: icmp_seq=1 ttl=128 time=1.22 ms

--- 192.168.10.3 ping statistics ---

1 packets transmitted, 1 received, 0% packet loss, time 0ms

rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 1.225/1.225/1.225/0.000 ms

[root@s2 ~]# ping 200.100.100.2

PING 200.100.100.2 (200.100.100.2) 56(84) bytes of data.

64 bytes from 200.100.100.2: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=1.68 ms

64 bytes from 200.100.100.2: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.375 ms

64 bytes from 200.100.100.2: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.175 ms

--- 200.100.100.2 ping statistics ---

3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 1999ms

rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.175/0.744/1.682/0.668 ms

3、确认开启路由转发

[root@s2 ~]# vi /etc/sysctl.conf

net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1

[root@s2 ~]# sysctl -p

net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1

net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 1

net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route = 0

kernel.sysrq = 0

kernel.core_uses_pid = 1

net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1

kernel.msgmnb = 65536

kernel.msgmax = 65536

kernel.shmmax = 4294967295

kernel.shmall = 268435456

4、在网关上添加DNAT映射，对于访问网关80端口的数据包，将目标地址改为网站服务器的ip地址的内网IP地址

[root@s2 ~]# iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -i eth1 -d 200.100.100.1 -p tcp --dport 80 -j DNAT --to-destination 192.168.10.3

5、外网用户访问内网的Web服务器测试下

SNAT策略应用

1、清空所有表的防火墙

[root@s2 ~]# iptables -F

[root@s2 ~]# iptables -t nat -F

[root@s2 ~]# iptables -t raw -F

[root@s2 ~]# iptables -t mangle -F

2、在网关防火墙上两块网卡

[root@s2 ~]# ifconfig

eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:87:17:A0

inet addr:192.168.10.10 Bcast:192.168.10.255 Mask:255.255.255.0

inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fe87:17a0/64 Scope:Link

UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1

RX packets:53 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0

TX packets:80 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0

collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000

RX bytes:5525 (5.3 KiB) TX bytes:13431 (13.1 KiB)

Interrupt:59 Base address:0x2000

eth1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:87:17:AA

inet addr:200.100.100.1 Bcast:200.100.100.255 Mask:255.255.255.0

确认网关上可以ping通内网客户机，外网客户机

[root@s2 ~]# ping 192.168.10.3

PING 192.168.10.3 (192.168.10.3) 56(84) bytes of data.

64 bytes from 192.168.10.3: icmp_seq=1 ttl=128 time=1.22 ms

--- 192.168.10.3 ping statistics ---

1 packets transmitted, 1 received, 0% packet loss, time 0ms

rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 1.225/1.225/1.225/0.000 ms

[root@s2 ~]# ping 200.100.100.2

PING 200.100.100.2 (200.100.100.2) 56(84) bytes of data.

64 bytes from 200.100.100.2: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=1.68 ms

64 bytes from 200.100.100.2: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.375 ms

64 bytes from 200.100.100.2: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.175 ms

--- 200.100.100.2 ping statistics ---

3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 1999ms

rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.175/0.744/1.682/0.668 ms

3、确认开启路由转发

[root@s2 ~]# vi /etc/sysctl.conf

net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1

[root@s2 ~]# sysctl -p

net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1

net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 1

net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route = 0

kernel.sysrq = 0

kernel.core_uses_pid = 1

net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1

kernel.msgmnb = 65536

kernel.msgmax = 65536

kernel.shmmax = 4294967295

kernel.shmall = 268435456

6、为局域网访问Internet的数据的包采用SNAT策略，将源地址更改为服务器的公网的IP

地址

[root@s2 ~]# iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -s 192.168.10.0/24 -j SNAT --to-source 200.100.100.1

7、内网客户机访问外网Web服务器测试

转载于:https://blog.51cto.com/304076020/1367705