在scrapy爬虫项目中经常遇到 爬取数据时报错无法及时处理 导致数据爬取不完整 只能先查看log才能发现报错
首先写一个简单的邮件发送模块
"""
@file: emailHandler.py
"""
1 #邮件服务封装 2 3 import smtplib 4 from email.mime.text import MIMEText 5 from email.utils import formataddr 6 7 class EmailHandler(object): 8 9 def __init__(self,user,password,type = 0): 10 """ 11 :param user:str 发送人邮箱地址(用户名) 12 :param password:str 发送人在QQ或163申请的授权码 13 :param type:int 0 为QQ邮箱 1 为163邮箱 14 """ 15 self.__QQ = {'smtp':'smtp.qq.com','port':465} 16 self.__163 = {'smtp':'smtp.163.com','port':25} 17 self.user = user 18 self.password = password 19 if type == 0: 20 self.server=smtplib.SMTP_SSL (self.__QQ['smtp'],self.__QQ['port']) 21 self.server.login (self.user,self.password) 22 elif type == 1: 23 self.server=smtplib.SMTP_SSL (self.__163['smtp'],self.__163['port']) 24 self.server.login (self.user,self.password) 25 26 def send_mail(self,To,subject,content): 27 """ 28 :param To:str 接收人邮箱地址 29 :param subject:str 邮件标题 30 :param content:str 邮件内容 31 :return:bool True 成功 False 失败 32 """ 33 try: 34 msg = MIMEText(content,'plain','utf-8') 35 msg['From'] = formataddr(['spider邮件报警系统',self.user]) 36 msg['To'] = formataddr(['',To]) 37 msg['Subject'] = subject 38 39 self.server.sendmail(self.user,To,msg.as_string()) 40 print("【%s】邮件发送成功"%subject) 41 return True 42 except Exception as f: 43 print("【%s】邮件发送失败,请检查信息"%subject) 44 return False
需要指定以下几个参数
1 #邮箱信息 2 MAIL_CONFIG = { 3 'user':'xxxxx', #邮箱账号 4 'password':'xxxx', #邮箱授权码 5 'to_add':'xxx', #要发送的邮箱地址 6 'mail_title':'scrapy_标题' #邮件标题 7 }
本项目中主要使用的 pydispatch模块 绑定信号的方式发送邮件(代码片段)
1 from pydispatch import dispatcher 2 err_spider = object() 3 4 def __init__(self): 5 #初始化邮件发送次数 6 self.mail_count = 0 7 dispatcher.connect(self.send_mail, signal=err_spider) 8 super(xxx, self).__init__() 9 10 def send_mail(self, error): 11 "当spider出现error时发送邮件到邮箱" 12 if self.mail_count < 1: 13 mailmanager = EmailHandler(mail_conf.get('user', ''), mail_conf.get('password', '')) 14 mailmanager.send_mail(mail_conf.get('to_add', ''), mail_conf.get('mail_title', ''), 'spider出现错误请及时查看\r%s' % error) 15 self.mail_count += 1
准备工作已经完成,接下来就是在scrapy 爬取数据出现问题时 调用这个模块向指定邮箱发送邮件(代码片段)
#列表页数据 def parse(self, response): #列表页条目 data_lists = response.xpath('//div[@id="listbox30"]/div') try: #最后一个div是分页数据 for data in data_lists[:-1]: item = WangdaitianyanItem() item['title'] = data.xpath('div[1]/div/div[1]/a/@title').extract_first() #标题 log.msg('[info] 正在爬取【%s】' % (item['title']), level=log.INFO) item['img'] = data.xpath('div[2]/div/a/img/@data-src').extract_first() #封面图 item['introduction'] = data.xpath('div[1]/div/div[2]/text()').extract_first() #简介 item['source'] = data.xpath('div[1]/div/div[3]/div[1]/span[1]/a/text()').extract_first() #源 item['release_time'] = data.xpath('div[1]/div/div[3]/div[1]/span[3]/text()').extract_first() #发布时间 item['read_count'] = data.xpath('div[1]/div/div[3]/div[2]/span[2]/text()').extract_first() #回复数 item['comment_count'] = data.xpath('div[1]/div/div[3]/div[2]/span[5]/text()').extract_first() #评论数 #抓取详情页数据 #//news.p2peye.com/article-513444-1.html url = data.xpath('div[1]/div/div[1]/a/@href').extract_first() #url yield scrapy.Request(url='http:%s'%url, callback=self.details_page, meta={'item':item}) #分页部分 #如果检测不到下一页 不在请求 try: next_page = data_lists[-1].xpath('div/a[contains(@title,"下一页")]/@href').extract_first() #拿去下一页url yield scrapy.Request(url='https://news.p2peye.com%s'%next_page, callback=self.parse) except Exception as e: pass except Exception as e: #发送邮件 dispatcher.send(signal=err_spider, error=traceback.format_exc())
当爬虫出现问题时会以邮件的形式发送到邮箱