在对一台带语音模快的
CISCO2610
进行
IOS
升级时,由于路由器的内存(
flash
)为
8M
,
IOS
软件为
7M
多,升级后路由器无法正常启动。启动后到
rommon 1 >
状态,请求帮助。由于本人长期从事计算机网络管理工作,在对
CISCO
路由器的长期日常维护和管理实践中积累了一定的经验。现总结归纳出
CISCO
路由器
IOS
映像升级的几种方法,供广大网络爱好者或同仁参考。在介绍
CISCO
路由器
IOS
升级方法前,有必要对
Cisco
路由器的存储器的相关知识作以简单介绍。路由器与计算机相似,它也有内存和操作系统。在
Cisco
路由器中,其操作系统叫做互连网操作系统
(Internetwork Operating System)
,常简称为
IOS
。路由器的存储器主要有:
ROM: 只读存储器包含路由器正在使用的 IOS 的一份副本;
RAM:IOS 将随机访问存储器分成共享和主存。主要用来存储运行中的路由器配置和与路由协议有关的 IOS 数据结构;
FLASH ( 闪存 ) :用来存储 IOS 软件映像文件,闪存是可以擦除内存,它能够用 IOS 的新版本覆写, IOS 升级主要是闪存中的 IOS 映像文件进行更换。
NVRAM :非易失性随机访问存储器,用来存储系统的配置文件。
IOS 升级方法一
在对能够正常启动的 CISCO 路由器的 IOS 进行升级时,比较简单。具体步骤如下:
1 、寻找一种 TFTP 服务器软件(有 CISCO 公司的 TFTPServer 或 3COM 公司的 3Cserver 等,在升级较大 IOS 映象文件时,建议用 3Cserver ),安装在一台计算机上,将要升级的 IOS 映象文件拷贝到相关的目录中(例: D:\ ),并运行 TFTP 服务器软件,通过菜单设置 Root 目录为拷贝 IOS 映象文件所在目录(如 D:\ )。假设该计算机的 IP 地址为 10.32.10.1 ;
2 、连接路由器的 console 口与 PC 机的 COM1 ,使用 PC 的超级终端软件访问路由器,将路由器的地址设为 10.32.10.32 (与计算机的 IP 地址同网段即可)。建议在进行 IOS 升级前将原有 IOS 文件备份下来,防止待升级的 IOS 文件存在问题不可用; <?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" />
ROM: 只读存储器包含路由器正在使用的 IOS 的一份副本;
RAM:IOS 将随机访问存储器分成共享和主存。主要用来存储运行中的路由器配置和与路由协议有关的 IOS 数据结构;
FLASH ( 闪存 ) :用来存储 IOS 软件映像文件,闪存是可以擦除内存,它能够用 IOS 的新版本覆写, IOS 升级主要是闪存中的 IOS 映像文件进行更换。
NVRAM :非易失性随机访问存储器,用来存储系统的配置文件。
IOS 升级方法一
在对能够正常启动的 CISCO 路由器的 IOS 进行升级时,比较简单。具体步骤如下:
1 、寻找一种 TFTP 服务器软件(有 CISCO 公司的 TFTPServer 或 3COM 公司的 3Cserver 等,在升级较大 IOS 映象文件时,建议用 3Cserver ),安装在一台计算机上,将要升级的 IOS 映象文件拷贝到相关的目录中(例: D:\ ),并运行 TFTP 服务器软件,通过菜单设置 Root 目录为拷贝 IOS 映象文件所在目录(如 D:\ )。假设该计算机的 IP 地址为 10.32.10.1 ;
2 、连接路由器的 console 口与 PC 机的 COM1 ,使用 PC 的超级终端软件访问路由器,将路由器的地址设为 10.32.10.32 (与计算机的 IP 地址同网段即可)。建议在进行 IOS 升级前将原有 IOS 文件备份下来,防止待升级的 IOS 文件存在问题不可用; <?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" />
QUOTE:
Router# dir flash: (
查看目前
IOS
映象文件名,也可用
Router#Show version)
Directory of flash:/
1 -rw- 5998292 C2600-I-MZ.122-11.BIN
8388608 bytes total (2390252 bytes free)
Router#copy flash tftp (备份 IOS 文件)
Source filename []?c2600-i-mz.122-11.bin
Address or name of remote host []? 10.32.10.1 (TFTP 服务器地址 )
Destination filename [c2600-i-mz.122-11.bin]?
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
…
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
5998292 bytes copied in 324.071 secs (18509 bytes/sec)
Router#
Directory of flash:/
1 -rw- 5998292 C2600-I-MZ.122-11.BIN
8388608 bytes total (2390252 bytes free)
Router#copy flash tftp (备份 IOS 文件)
Source filename []?c2600-i-mz.122-11.bin
Address or name of remote host []? 10.32.10.1 (TFTP 服务器地址 )
Destination filename [c2600-i-mz.122-11.bin]?
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
…
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
5998292 bytes copied in 324.071 secs (18509 bytes/sec)
Router#
3
、对路由器进行
IOS
升级;
QUOTE:
Router#copy tftp flash
Address or name of remote host []? 10.32.10.1 (TFTP 服务器地址 )
Source filename []? c2600-i-mz.122-11.bin (需升级的新 IOS 映象文件名)
Destination filename [c2600-i-mz.122-11.bin]?
Do you want to over write? [confirm]
Accessing tftp://10.32.10.1/c2600-i-mz.122-11.bin...
Erase flash: before copying? [confirm]
Erasing the flash filesystem will remove all files! Continue? [confirm]
Erasing device... eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee ...erasedee
Erase of flash: complete
Loading c2600-i-mz.122-11.bin from 10.32.10.1 (via Ethernet0/0): !!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
…
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
[OK - 5998292 bytes]
Verifying checksum... OK (0xA0C0)
5998292 bytes copied in 318.282 secs (18846 bytes/sec)
Router#
Address or name of remote host []? 10.32.10.1 (TFTP 服务器地址 )
Source filename []? c2600-i-mz.122-11.bin (需升级的新 IOS 映象文件名)
Destination filename [c2600-i-mz.122-11.bin]?
Do you want to over write? [confirm]
Accessing tftp://10.32.10.1/c2600-i-mz.122-11.bin...
Erase flash: before copying? [confirm]
Erasing the flash filesystem will remove all files! Continue? [confirm]
Erasing device... eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee ...erasedee
Erase of flash: complete
Loading c2600-i-mz.122-11.bin from 10.32.10.1 (via Ethernet0/0): !!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
…
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
[OK - 5998292 bytes]
Verifying checksum... OK (0xA0C0)
5998292 bytes copied in 318.282 secs (18846 bytes/sec)
Router#
IOS
升级方法二
由于升级失败后或者路由器的 config-register 寄存器值为 0x2101 时,开启路由器时、或者在开启(某些型号) Cisco 路由器的电源开关后 30 秒内按下 Ctrl+break 键,中断路由器的正常启动,路由器都会进入 rom 监视模式 , 即 Router(boot)> ,在这种情形下,对路由器的 IOS 进行升级,也比较简单。首先进入特权模式下,即
由于升级失败后或者路由器的 config-register 寄存器值为 0x2101 时,开启路由器时、或者在开启(某些型号) Cisco 路由器的电源开关后 30 秒内按下 Ctrl+break 键,中断路由器的正常启动,路由器都会进入 rom 监视模式 , 即 Router(boot)> ,在这种情形下,对路由器的 IOS 进行升级,也比较简单。首先进入特权模式下,即
QUOTE:
Router(boot)>en
Router(boot)#
Router(boot)#
其他升级步骤同方法一,即:执行
copy tftp flash
命令,对
IOS
进行升级。升级完成后,不要忘了修改
config-register
寄存器值为
0x2102
(恢复正常值)。
QUOTE:
Router(boot)# t
Router(boot)( config)# config-register 0x2102
Router(boot)( config)#exit
Router(boot)#wr
Router(boot)#reload
Router(boot)( config)# config-register 0x2102
Router(boot)( config)#exit
Router(boot)#wr
Router(boot)#reload
重启即可。
IOS 升级方法三
由于不小心使用了命令 erase flash 或升级失败后或在开启(某些型号) Cisco 路由器的电源开关后 30 秒内按下 Ctrl+break 键,中断路由器的正常启动,路由器都会进入 rom 监视模式 , 即 rommon 1> ,在这种情形下,对路由器的 IOS 进行升级,情况要稍微复杂一点。在 rommon 1> 状态下,可键 ? 请求帮助。 (1 为命令行序号,每执行 1 条命令自动加 1)
IOS 升级方法三
由于不小心使用了命令 erase flash 或升级失败后或在开启(某些型号) Cisco 路由器的电源开关后 30 秒内按下 Ctrl+break 键,中断路由器的正常启动,路由器都会进入 rom 监视模式 , 即 rommon 1> ,在这种情形下,对路由器的 IOS 进行升级,情况要稍微复杂一点。在 rommon 1> 状态下,可键 ? 请求帮助。 (1 为命令行序号,每执行 1 条命令自动加 1)
QUOTE:
rommon 1 > ?
alias set and display aliases command
boot boot up an external process
break set/show/clear the breakpoint
confreg configuration register utility
cont continue executing a downloaded p_w_picpath
context display the context of a loaded p_w_picpath
cookie display contents of cookie PROM in hex
dev list the device table
dir list files in file system
dis display instruction stream
dnld serial download a program module
frame print out a selected stack frame
help monitor builtin command help
history monitor command history
meminfo main memory information
repeat repeat a monitor command
reset system reset
set display the monitor variables
stack produce a stack trace
sync write monitor environment to NVRAM
sysret print out info from last system return
tftpdnld tftp p_w_picpath download
unalias unset an alias
unset unset a monitor variable
xmodem x/ymodem p_w_picpath download
rommon 2 >
alias set and display aliases command
boot boot up an external process
break set/show/clear the breakpoint
confreg configuration register utility
cont continue executing a downloaded p_w_picpath
context display the context of a loaded p_w_picpath
cookie display contents of cookie PROM in hex
dev list the device table
dir list files in file system
dis display instruction stream
dnld serial download a program module
frame print out a selected stack frame
help monitor builtin command help
history monitor command history
meminfo main memory information
repeat repeat a monitor command
reset system reset
set display the monitor variables
stack produce a stack trace
sync write monitor environment to NVRAM
sysret print out info from last system return
tftpdnld tftp p_w_picpath download
unalias unset an alias
unset unset a monitor variable
xmodem x/ymodem p_w_picpath download
rommon 2 >
在
rommon 1>
状态下有两种升级
IOS
方法。
(一)、通过 Xmodem 命令(注: Xmodem 与实际的 modem 没有任何联系 只是一个传输协议 数据是通过终端的串口和路由器的 Console 口灌进去的)升级 IOS ,具体步骤如下:
1 、用 Cisco 原配的线缆连接路由器的 console 口与 PC 机的 COM1 ,使用 PC 机的超级终端软件访问路由器,这时不需要对 PC 和路由器配置任何地址。
2 、在这个模式下,输入 Xmodem 命令,即:
(一)、通过 Xmodem 命令(注: Xmodem 与实际的 modem 没有任何联系 只是一个传输协议 数据是通过终端的串口和路由器的 Console 口灌进去的)升级 IOS ,具体步骤如下:
1 、用 Cisco 原配的线缆连接路由器的 console 口与 PC 机的 COM1 ,使用 PC 机的超级终端软件访问路由器,这时不需要对 PC 和路由器配置任何地址。
2 、在这个模式下,输入 Xmodem 命令,即:
QUOTE:
rommon 2 > xmodem -c c2600-i-mz.122-11.bin
( -c 是带校验, c2600-i-mz.122-11.bin 为存放在 PC 机上的 IOS 映像文件)
WARNING: All existing data in bootflash will be lost!
Invoke this application only for disaster recovery.
Do you wish to continue? y/n [n]: y
( -c 是带校验, c2600-i-mz.122-11.bin 为存放在 PC 机上的 IOS 映像文件)
WARNING: All existing data in bootflash will be lost!
Invoke this application only for disaster recovery.
Do you wish to continue? y/n [n]: y
Ready to receive file c2600-i-mz.122-11.bin ...
(此时在超级终端的传送栏目
=>
选择发送文件选项
=>
再选择
Xmodem
并指明
IOS
映像文件所在的路径,按发送即开始上传
IOS,
等待时间很长,视
IOS
的大小和传输速度。)
QUOTE:
Erasing flash at 0x607c0000
program flash location 0x605b0000
Download Complete!
program flash location 0x605b0000
Download Complete!
传完以后,对整个系统初始化
显示如下:
QUOTE:
program load complete, entry point: 0x80008000, size: 0x5b85e0
Self decompressing the p_w_picpath : #################################################
################################################# [OK]
Smart Init is disabled. IOMEM set to: 10
Using iomem percentage: 10
Restricted Rights Legend
Use, duplication, or disclosure by the Government is
subject to restrictions as set forth in subparagraph
(c) of the Commercial Computer Software - Restricted
Rights clause at FAR sec. 52.227-19 and subparagraph
(c) (1) (ii) of the Rights in Technical Data and Computer
Software clause at DFARS sec. 252.227-7013.
cisco Systems, Inc.
170 West Tasman Drive
San Jose, California 95134-1706
Cisco Internetwork Operating System Software
IOS (tm) C2600 Software (C2600-I-M), Version 12.2(11)T9, RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1)
TAC Support: [url]http://www.cisco.com/tac[/url]
Copyright (c) 1986-2003 by cisco Systems, Inc.
Compiled Mon 23-Jun-03 15:42 by cmong
Image text-base: 0x8000809C, data-base: 0x80A68B48
cisco 2610 (MPC860) processor (revision 0x203) with 22528K/2048K bytes of memory
Processor board ID JAD03483395 (1128032249)
M860 processor: part number 0, mask 49
Bridging software.
X.25 software, Version 3.0.0.
1 Ethernet/IEEE 802.3 interface(s)
2 Serial(sync/async) network interface(s)
32K bytes of non-volatile configuration memory.
8192K bytes of processor board System flash (Read/Write)
Press RETURN to get started!
*Mar 1 00:00:05.652: %PA-2-UNDEFPA: Undefined Port Adaptor type 100 in bay 1
*Mar 1 00:00:07.996: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Ethernet0/0, changed state to up
*Mar 1 00:00:07.996: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial0/0, changed state to down
*Mar 1 00:00:07.996: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial0/1, changed state to down
*Mar 1 00:00:09.142: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Ethernet0/0, changed state to up
*Mar 1 00:00:09.142: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial0/0, changed state to down
*Mar 1 00:00:09.142: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial0/1, changed state to down
*Mar 1 00:00:09.458: %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from memory by console
*Mar 1 00:00:11.245: %LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Serial0/1, changed state to administratively down
*Mar 1 00:00:12.275: %SYS-5-RESTART: System restarted --Cisco Internetwork Operating System Software
IOS (tm) C2600 Software (C2600-I-M), Version 12.2(11)T9, RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1)
TAC Support: [url]http://www.cisco.com/tac[/url]
Copyright (c) 1986-2003 by cisco Systems, Inc.
Compiled Mon 23-Jun-03 15:42 by cmong
*Mar 1 00:00:12.279: %SNMP-5-COLDSTART: SNMP agent on host NE16 is undergoing a cold start
Router>
Self decompressing the p_w_picpath : #################################################
################################################# [OK]
Smart Init is disabled. IOMEM set to: 10
Using iomem percentage: 10
Restricted Rights Legend
Use, duplication, or disclosure by the Government is
subject to restrictions as set forth in subparagraph
(c) of the Commercial Computer Software - Restricted
Rights clause at FAR sec. 52.227-19 and subparagraph
(c) (1) (ii) of the Rights in Technical Data and Computer
Software clause at DFARS sec. 252.227-7013.
cisco Systems, Inc.
170 West Tasman Drive
San Jose, California 95134-1706
Cisco Internetwork Operating System Software
IOS (tm) C2600 Software (C2600-I-M), Version 12.2(11)T9, RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1)
TAC Support: [url]http://www.cisco.com/tac[/url]
Copyright (c) 1986-2003 by cisco Systems, Inc.
Compiled Mon 23-Jun-03 15:42 by cmong
Image text-base: 0x8000809C, data-base: 0x80A68B48
cisco 2610 (MPC860) processor (revision 0x203) with 22528K/2048K bytes of memory
Processor board ID JAD03483395 (1128032249)
M860 processor: part number 0, mask 49
Bridging software.
X.25 software, Version 3.0.0.
1 Ethernet/IEEE 802.3 interface(s)
2 Serial(sync/async) network interface(s)
32K bytes of non-volatile configuration memory.
8192K bytes of processor board System flash (Read/Write)
Press RETURN to get started!
*Mar 1 00:00:05.652: %PA-2-UNDEFPA: Undefined Port Adaptor type 100 in bay 1
*Mar 1 00:00:07.996: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Ethernet0/0, changed state to up
*Mar 1 00:00:07.996: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial0/0, changed state to down
*Mar 1 00:00:07.996: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial0/1, changed state to down
*Mar 1 00:00:09.142: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Ethernet0/0, changed state to up
*Mar 1 00:00:09.142: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial0/0, changed state to down
*Mar 1 00:00:09.142: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial0/1, changed state to down
*Mar 1 00:00:09.458: %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from memory by console
*Mar 1 00:00:11.245: %LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Serial0/1, changed state to administratively down
*Mar 1 00:00:12.275: %SYS-5-RESTART: System restarted --Cisco Internetwork Operating System Software
IOS (tm) C2600 Software (C2600-I-M), Version 12.2(11)T9, RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1)
TAC Support: [url]http://www.cisco.com/tac[/url]
Copyright (c) 1986-2003 by cisco Systems, Inc.
Compiled Mon 23-Jun-03 15:42 by cmong
*Mar 1 00:00:12.279: %SNMP-5-COLDSTART: SNMP agent on host NE16 is undergoing a cold start
Router>
采用这种方法时,由于使用
console
口来传送,速率为
9600bps
,需要时间较长。因此可修改
console
口速率利用
xmodem
命令实现快速升级
IOS
。具体方法如下:
QUOTE:
rommon 1 > confreg
回车
Configuration Summary
enabled are:
load rom after netboot fails
console baud: 9600
boot: p_w_picpath specified by the boot system commands
or default to: cisco2-C2600
do you wish to change the configuration? y/n [n]: y ( 选择 yes)
enable "diagnostic mode"? y/n [n]: n ( 选择 no)
enable "use net in IP bcast address"? y/n [n]: n ( 选择 no)
disable "load rom after netboot fails"? y/n [n]: n ( 选择 no)
enable "use all zero broadcast"? y/n [n]: n ( 选择 no)
enable "break/abort has effect"? y/n [n]: n ( 选择 no)
enable "ignore system config info"? y/n [n]: n ( 选择 no)
change console baud rate? y/n [n]: y ( 选择 yes)
enter rate: 0 = 9600, 1 = 4800, 2 = 1200, 3 = 2400
4 = 19200, 5 = 38400, 6 = 57600, 7 = 115200 [0]: 7 ( 选择 7, 用最大的 11520
速率的 xmodem 传输 )
change the boot characteristics? y/n [n]: n ( 选择 no)
Configuration Summary
enabled are:
load rom after netboot fails
console baud: 115200
boot: p_w_picpath specified by the boot system commands
or default to: cisco2-C2600
do you wish to change the configuration? y/n [n]: n ( 选择 no)
You must reset or power cycle for new config to take effect
rommon 2 > reset 回车
Configuration Summary
enabled are:
load rom after netboot fails
console baud: 9600
boot: p_w_picpath specified by the boot system commands
or default to: cisco2-C2600
do you wish to change the configuration? y/n [n]: y ( 选择 yes)
enable "diagnostic mode"? y/n [n]: n ( 选择 no)
enable "use net in IP bcast address"? y/n [n]: n ( 选择 no)
disable "load rom after netboot fails"? y/n [n]: n ( 选择 no)
enable "use all zero broadcast"? y/n [n]: n ( 选择 no)
enable "break/abort has effect"? y/n [n]: n ( 选择 no)
enable "ignore system config info"? y/n [n]: n ( 选择 no)
change console baud rate? y/n [n]: y ( 选择 yes)
enter rate: 0 = 9600, 1 = 4800, 2 = 1200, 3 = 2400
4 = 19200, 5 = 38400, 6 = 57600, 7 = 115200 [0]: 7 ( 选择 7, 用最大的 11520
速率的 xmodem 传输 )
change the boot characteristics? y/n [n]: n ( 选择 no)
Configuration Summary
enabled are:
load rom after netboot fails
console baud: 115200
boot: p_w_picpath specified by the boot system commands
or default to: cisco2-C2600
do you wish to change the configuration? y/n [n]: n ( 选择 no)
You must reset or power cycle for new config to take effect
rommon 2 > reset 回车
注意:在按
reset
键前,需要修改串口速度(我的电脑
---
端口属性
----
串口速度调为
115200
),然后再修改超级终端里设置速率为
115200
,记住,一定要这么做,否则会出现乱码!
然后关闭这个超级终端,重新建立一个超级终端连接,重新启动系统后,出现
QUOTE:
rommon 1>
提示符
然后
,
输入
QUOTE:
rommon 1> xmodem -r
Do not start the sending program yet...
Invoke this application only for disaster recovery.
Do you wish to continue? y/n [n]: y ( 选择 yes)
Ready to receive file ...
Do not start the sending program yet...
Invoke this application only for disaster recovery.
Do you wish to continue? y/n [n]: y ( 选择 yes)
Ready to receive file ...
此时,在超级终端的菜单上的
“
传送
”---“
发送文件
”----
选择
IOS
映像文件所在地以及选择使用
“xmodem”
协议,点击
“
发送
”
即可。等待
10-20
分钟左右就可升级完
3-6M
的
IOS
文件!待升级完成后,请记住修改回计算机串口与超级终端、路由器
confreg
下的
xmodem
等传输速率为
9600bps
。
方法如下:
方法如下:
QUOTE:
Router>en
进入新
IOS
的特权模式
Router#reload 重启系统
Proceed with reload? [confirm] 回车
00:01:04: %SYS-5-RELOAD: Reload requested
System Bootstrap, Version 11.3(2)XA4, RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1)
Copyright (c) 1999 by cisco Systems, Inc.
TAC:Home:SW:IOS:Specials for info
PC = 0xfff0a530, Vector = 0x500, SP = 0x680127b0
C2600 platform with 24576 Kbytes of main memory
PC = 0xfff0a530, Vector = 0x500, SP = 0x80004684
monitor: command "boot" aborted due to user interrupt
30 秒内按 ctrl+break 键
rommon 1 > confreg ( 输入 “confreg” 命令)
Configuration Summary
enabled are:
load rom after netboot fails
console baud: 115200
boot: p_w_picpath specified by the boot system commands
or default to: cisco2-C2600
do you wish to change the configuration? y/n [n]: y ( 选择 yes)
enable "diagnostic mode"? y/n [n]: n ( 选择 no)
enable "use nn IP bcast address"? y/n [n]: n ( 选择 no)
disable "load rom after netboot fails"? y/n [n]: n ( 选择 no)
enable "use all zero broadcast"? y/n [n]: n ( 选择 no)
enable "break/abort has effect"? y/n [n]: n ( 选择 no)
enable "ignore system config info"? y/n [n]: n ( 选择 no)
change console baud rate? y/n [n]: y ( 选择 yes)
enter rate: 0 = 9600, 1 = 4800, 2 = 1200, 3 = 2400
4 = 19200, 5 = 38400, 6 = 57600, 7 = 115200 [7]: 0 ( 选择 0, 改回用标准速率速率 9600 的 xmodem 传输 )
change the boot characteristics? y/n [n]: n ( 选择 no)
Configuration Summary
enabled are:
load rom after netboot fails
console baud: 9600
boot: p_w_picpath specified by the boot system commands
or default to: cisco2-C2600
do you wish to change the configuration? y/n [n]: n You must reset or power cycle for new config to take effect
rommon 2 >
Router#reload 重启系统
Proceed with reload? [confirm] 回车
00:01:04: %SYS-5-RELOAD: Reload requested
System Bootstrap, Version 11.3(2)XA4, RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1)
Copyright (c) 1999 by cisco Systems, Inc.
TAC:Home:SW:IOS:Specials for info
PC = 0xfff0a530, Vector = 0x500, SP = 0x680127b0
C2600 platform with 24576 Kbytes of main memory
PC = 0xfff0a530, Vector = 0x500, SP = 0x80004684
monitor: command "boot" aborted due to user interrupt
30 秒内按 ctrl+break 键
rommon 1 > confreg ( 输入 “confreg” 命令)
Configuration Summary
enabled are:
load rom after netboot fails
console baud: 115200
boot: p_w_picpath specified by the boot system commands
or default to: cisco2-C2600
do you wish to change the configuration? y/n [n]: y ( 选择 yes)
enable "diagnostic mode"? y/n [n]: n ( 选择 no)
enable "use nn IP bcast address"? y/n [n]: n ( 选择 no)
disable "load rom after netboot fails"? y/n [n]: n ( 选择 no)
enable "use all zero broadcast"? y/n [n]: n ( 选择 no)
enable "break/abort has effect"? y/n [n]: n ( 选择 no)
enable "ignore system config info"? y/n [n]: n ( 选择 no)
change console baud rate? y/n [n]: y ( 选择 yes)
enter rate: 0 = 9600, 1 = 4800, 2 = 1200, 3 = 2400
4 = 19200, 5 = 38400, 6 = 57600, 7 = 115200 [7]: 0 ( 选择 0, 改回用标准速率速率 9600 的 xmodem 传输 )
change the boot characteristics? y/n [n]: n ( 选择 no)
Configuration Summary
enabled are:
load rom after netboot fails
console baud: 9600
boot: p_w_picpath specified by the boot system commands
or default to: cisco2-C2600
do you wish to change the configuration? y/n [n]: n You must reset or power cycle for new config to take effect
rommon 2 >
此时手工改回计算机串口与超级终端
2
者传输速率为
9600
然后敲入
然后敲入
QUOTE:
rommon 2 >reset
最好关掉电源后,重新启动。利用
xmodem
命令实现路由器
IOS
升级速度较慢,往往等上很长时间,为了快速升级,可以采用下列方法。
(二)通过 tftpdnld 命令升级 IOS ,具体步骤如下:
1 、用 Cisco 原配的线缆连接路由器的 console 口与 PC 机的 COM1 ,使用 PC 机的超级终端软件访问路由器;用一根双绞线连接路由器的 eth0/0 口与 PC 机的网卡。
2 、将路由器的 eth0/0 口 IP 地址设为 10.32.10.32 ; PC 机的 IP 地址设为 10.32.10.1 。将要升级的 IOS 映象文件拷贝到相关的目录中,并运行 TFTP 服务器软件,通过菜单设置 Root 目录为拷贝 IOS 映象文件所在目录。
3 、通过 set 命令查看配置参数
(二)通过 tftpdnld 命令升级 IOS ,具体步骤如下:
1 、用 Cisco 原配的线缆连接路由器的 console 口与 PC 机的 COM1 ,使用 PC 机的超级终端软件访问路由器;用一根双绞线连接路由器的 eth0/0 口与 PC 机的网卡。
2 、将路由器的 eth0/0 口 IP 地址设为 10.32.10.32 ; PC 机的 IP 地址设为 10.32.10.1 。将要升级的 IOS 映象文件拷贝到相关的目录中,并运行 TFTP 服务器软件,通过菜单设置 Root 目录为拷贝 IOS 映象文件所在目录。
3 、通过 set 命令查看配置参数
QUOTE:
rommon 2 > set
PS1=rommon ! >
BOOT=
BSI=0
RET_2_RTS=
?=0
PS1=rommon ! >
BOOT=
BSI=0
RET_2_RTS=
?=0
4
、在
rommon
状态下输入:(注意大小写)
QUOTE:
rommon 3 >IP_ADDRESS
=
10.32.10.1 (
路由器的
ip
地址
)
rommon 4 >IP_SUBNET_MASK = 255.255.255.0 (路由器的掩码)
rommon 5 >DEFAULT_GATEWAY = 10.32.10.32 (缺省网关,是 pc 机的 ip 地址)
rommon 6 >TFTP_SERVER = 10.32.10.32 (是 pc 机的 ip 地址)
rommon 7 >TFTP_FILE = C2600-I-MZ.122-11.BIN (上传 ios 文件的名称)
rommon 8>sync (保存参数配置)
rommon 9 >set (查看)
rommon 10 > set
PS1=rommon ! >
BOOT=
IP_ADDRESS=10.32.10.1
IP_SUBNET_MASK=255.255.255.0
DEFAULT_GATEWAY=10.32.10.32
TFTP_SERVER=10.32.10.32
TFTP_FILE=C2600-I-MZ.122-11.BIN
BSI=0
RET_2_RTS=
?=0
rommon 11 >tftpdnld
rommon 4 >IP_SUBNET_MASK = 255.255.255.0 (路由器的掩码)
rommon 5 >DEFAULT_GATEWAY = 10.32.10.32 (缺省网关,是 pc 机的 ip 地址)
rommon 6 >TFTP_SERVER = 10.32.10.32 (是 pc 机的 ip 地址)
rommon 7 >TFTP_FILE = C2600-I-MZ.122-11.BIN (上传 ios 文件的名称)
rommon 8>sync (保存参数配置)
rommon 9 >set (查看)
rommon 10 > set
PS1=rommon ! >
BOOT=
IP_ADDRESS=10.32.10.1
IP_SUBNET_MASK=255.255.255.0
DEFAULT_GATEWAY=10.32.10.32
TFTP_SERVER=10.32.10.32
TFTP_FILE=C2600-I-MZ.122-11.BIN
BSI=0
RET_2_RTS=
?=0
rommon 11 >tftpdnld
执行
tftpdnld
命令进行
ios
升级,有时可能会报错或命令不执行,这时只要用
sync
命令保存配置后,重新启动路由器(最好关掉电源再开机)后,再执行
tftpdnld
命令就可以了。
QUOTE:
rommon 11 >tftpdnld
(传送文件)出现提示选择
y
IP_ADDRESS: 10.32.10.1
IP_SUBNET_MASK: 255.255.255.0
DEFAULT_GATEWAY: 10.32.10.32
TFTP_SERVER: 10.32.10.32
TFTP_FILE: C2600-I-MZ.122-11.BIN
Invoke this command for disaster recovery only.
WARNING: all existing data in all partitions on flash will be lost!
Do you wish to continue? y/n: [n]: y
Receiving C2600-I-MZ.122-11.BIN from 10.32.10.32!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
…
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
File reception completed.
Copying file C2600-I-MZ.122-11.BIN to flash.
Erasing flash at 0x607c0000
program flash location 0x605b0000
rommon 13 >
在 rommon 13 > 提示符下键入 reset ,或重新启动路由器( power-cycle ) , 进入正常引导状态,即:
Router>
IP_ADDRESS: 10.32.10.1
IP_SUBNET_MASK: 255.255.255.0
DEFAULT_GATEWAY: 10.32.10.32
TFTP_SERVER: 10.32.10.32
TFTP_FILE: C2600-I-MZ.122-11.BIN
Invoke this command for disaster recovery only.
WARNING: all existing data in all partitions on flash will be lost!
Do you wish to continue? y/n: [n]: y
Receiving C2600-I-MZ.122-11.BIN from 10.32.10.32!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
…
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
File reception completed.
Copying file C2600-I-MZ.122-11.BIN to flash.
Erasing flash at 0x607c0000
program flash location 0x605b0000
rommon 13 >
在 rommon 13 > 提示符下键入 reset ,或重新启动路由器( power-cycle ) , 进入正常引导状态,即:
Router>
笔者在
Cisco2500
、
2600
、
7200
等系列路由器上均实际操作过,以上为在
Cisco2610
路由器上实际操作捕获或截屏,所配地址只是特例,大家可根据实际需要予以修改。最后建议:大家在作正常路由器系统升级时,为防止不正确操作等引起的升级失败,请先把路由器原有的系统备份下来
.
转载于:https://blog.51cto.com/ciscolj/81824