输入n,输出n个左括号和n个右括号的合法括号序列
关键:当前位置的左括号不少于右括号
图:
节点:当前位置左括号和右括号的个数(x, y)(x>=y)
边:从(x, y)到(x+1, y)或(x,y+1)
x==y时,只有(x+1,y)这条边
解:从(0,0)出发到(n,n)的全部路径
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C++
DFS
记录什么
左右括号的个数
当前的部分解
1 class Solution { 2 public: 3 void helperDFS(int n, int x, int y, string now, vector<string> &ans) { 4 if (y == n) { 5 ans.push_back(now); 6 return; 7 } 8 if (x < n) { 9 helperDFS(n, x + 1, y, now + "(", ans); 10 } 11 if (x > y) { 12 helperDFS(n, x, y + 1, now + ")", ans); 13 } 14 15 } 16 vector<string> generateParenthesis(int n) { 17 vector<string> ans; 18 helperDFS(n, 0, 0, "", ans); 19 return ans; 20 } 21 };
C++
BFS
记录什么
方法1:当前的部分解
方法2:每个节点记录能到达它之前的节点集合(麻烦,最后还要还原路径)
1 struct node{ 2 int x, y; 3 string now; 4 }; 5 class Solution { 6 public: 7 void helperBFS(int n, vector<string> &ans) { 8 if (0 == n) { 9 ans.push_back(""); 10 return; 11 } 12 node tmp; 13 tmp.x = tmp.y = 0; 14 tmp.now = ""; 15 queue<node> q; 16 for (q.push(tmp); !q.empty(); q.pop()) { 17 tmp = q.front(); 18 node other; 19 if (tmp.x < n) { 20 other.x = tmp.x + 1; 21 other.y = tmp.y; 22 other.now = tmp.now + "("; 23 q.push(other); 24 } 25 if (tmp.x > tmp.y) { 26 other.x = tmp.x; 27 other.y = tmp.y + 1; 28 other.now = tmp.now + ")"; 29 if (other.y == n) { 30 ans.push_back(other.now); 31 } else { 32 q.push(other); 33 } 34 } 35 } 36 37 } 38 vector<string> generateParenthesis(int n) { 39 vector<string> ans; 40 helperBFS(n, ans); 41 return ans; 42 } 43 };
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