从Java4到Java5,Java对BigInteger、BigDecimal两个类功能一直再做扩展与改进。主要原因是这两个数据类型很重要,在高精度的计算中全靠这两个数据类型了。BigInteger和BigDecimal分别表示任意精度的整数与浮点数。
本文中不在追溯各个版本的变化,只看Java5中两个类的使用。
一、java.math.BigInteger
不可变的任意精度的整数。 此类的用法比较简单些,也不存在舍入等操作。
package lavasoft;
import java.math.BigInteger;
import java.util.Random;
/**
* 测试BigInteger
*
* @author leizhimin 2009-11-17 12:49:41
*/
public class TestBigInteger {
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println( "-------------------构造BigInteger---------------------");
//通过byte数组来创建BigInteger
BigInteger bi1 = new BigInteger( new byte[]{1, 1});
System.out.println( "bi1=" + bi1.toString());
//创建带符号的BigInteger
BigInteger bi2 = new BigInteger(-1, new byte[]{1, 1});
System.out.println( "bi2=" + bi2.toString());
//创建带符号的BigInteger随机数
BigInteger bi3 = new BigInteger(128, 20, new Random());
System.out.println( "bi3=" + bi3.toString());
//通过10进制字符串创建带符号的BigInteger
BigInteger bi4 = new BigInteger( "12342342342342123423423412341");
System.out.println( "bi4=" + bi4.toString());
//通过10进制字符串创建带符号的BigInteger
BigInteger bi5 = new BigInteger( "88888888888888888888888888888", Character.digit('a', 33));
System.out.println( "bi5=" + bi5.toString());
System.out.println( "BigInteger的常量:");
System.out.println( "BigInteger.ZERO=" + BigInteger.ZERO);
System.out.println( "BigInteger.ONE=" + BigInteger.ONE);
System.out.println( "BigInteger.TEN=" + BigInteger.TEN);
System.out.println( "-------------------使用BigInteger---------------------");
System.out.println( "bi1的相反数=" + bi1.negate());
System.out.println( "bi1的相反数=" + bi1.negate());
System.out.println( "bi1+bi2=" + bi1.add(bi2));
System.out.println( "bi1-bi2=" + bi1.subtract(bi2));
System.out.println( "bi1*bi2=" + bi1.multiply(bi2));
System.out.println( "bi1/bi2=" + bi1.divide(bi2));
System.out.println( "bi1的10次方=" + bi1.pow(10));
System.out.println( "bi1的10次方=" + bi1.pow(1));
BigInteger[] bx = bi4.divideAndRemainder(bi1);
System.out.println( ">>>:bx[0]=" + bx[0] + ",bx[1]=" + bx[1]);
System.out.println( "bi2的绝对值=" + bi2.abs());
}
}
import java.math.BigInteger;
import java.util.Random;
/**
* 测试BigInteger
*
* @author leizhimin 2009-11-17 12:49:41
*/
public class TestBigInteger {
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println( "-------------------构造BigInteger---------------------");
//通过byte数组来创建BigInteger
BigInteger bi1 = new BigInteger( new byte[]{1, 1});
System.out.println( "bi1=" + bi1.toString());
//创建带符号的BigInteger
BigInteger bi2 = new BigInteger(-1, new byte[]{1, 1});
System.out.println( "bi2=" + bi2.toString());
//创建带符号的BigInteger随机数
BigInteger bi3 = new BigInteger(128, 20, new Random());
System.out.println( "bi3=" + bi3.toString());
//通过10进制字符串创建带符号的BigInteger
BigInteger bi4 = new BigInteger( "12342342342342123423423412341");
System.out.println( "bi4=" + bi4.toString());
//通过10进制字符串创建带符号的BigInteger
BigInteger bi5 = new BigInteger( "88888888888888888888888888888", Character.digit('a', 33));
System.out.println( "bi5=" + bi5.toString());
System.out.println( "BigInteger的常量:");
System.out.println( "BigInteger.ZERO=" + BigInteger.ZERO);
System.out.println( "BigInteger.ONE=" + BigInteger.ONE);
System.out.println( "BigInteger.TEN=" + BigInteger.TEN);
System.out.println( "-------------------使用BigInteger---------------------");
System.out.println( "bi1的相反数=" + bi1.negate());
System.out.println( "bi1的相反数=" + bi1.negate());
System.out.println( "bi1+bi2=" + bi1.add(bi2));
System.out.println( "bi1-bi2=" + bi1.subtract(bi2));
System.out.println( "bi1*bi2=" + bi1.multiply(bi2));
System.out.println( "bi1/bi2=" + bi1.divide(bi2));
System.out.println( "bi1的10次方=" + bi1.pow(10));
System.out.println( "bi1的10次方=" + bi1.pow(1));
BigInteger[] bx = bi4.divideAndRemainder(bi1);
System.out.println( ">>>:bx[0]=" + bx[0] + ",bx[1]=" + bx[1]);
System.out.println( "bi2的绝对值=" + bi2.abs());
}
}
运行结果:
-------------------构造BigInteger---------------------
bi1=257
bi2=-257
bi3=175952079487573456985958549621373190227
bi4=12342342342342123423423412341
bi5=88888888888888888888888888888
BigInteger的常量:
BigInteger.ZERO=0
BigInteger.ONE=1
BigInteger.TEN=10
-------------------使用BigInteger---------------------
bi1的相反数=-257
bi1的相反数=-257
bi1+bi2=0
bi1-bi2=514
bi1*bi2=-66049
bi1/bi2=-1
bi1的10次方=1256988294225653106805249
bi1的10次方=257
>>>:bx[0]=48024678374872075577523005,bx[1]=56
bi2的绝对值=257
Process finished with exit code 0
bi1=257
bi2=-257
bi3=175952079487573456985958549621373190227
bi4=12342342342342123423423412341
bi5=88888888888888888888888888888
BigInteger的常量:
BigInteger.ZERO=0
BigInteger.ONE=1
BigInteger.TEN=10
-------------------使用BigInteger---------------------
bi1的相反数=-257
bi1的相反数=-257
bi1+bi2=0
bi1-bi2=514
bi1*bi2=-66049
bi1/bi2=-1
bi1的10次方=1256988294225653106805249
bi1的10次方=257
>>>:bx[0]=48024678374872075577523005,bx[1]=56
bi2的绝对值=257
Process finished with exit code 0
二、java.math.BigDecimal
不可变的、任意精度的有符号十进制数。与之相关的还有两个类:
java.math.MathContext:
该对象是封装上下文设置的不可变对象,它描述数字运算符的某些规则,如数据的精度,舍入方式等。
java.math.RoundingMode:这是一种枚举类型,定义了很多常用的数据舍入方式。
这个类用起来还是很比较复杂的,原因在于舍入模式,数据运算规则太多太多,不是数学专业出身的人看着中文API都难以理解,这些规则在实际中使用的时候在翻阅都来得及。
package lavasoft;
import java.math.BigDecimal;
import java.math.MathContext;
import java.math.RoundingMode;
/**
* 测试BigDecimal
*
* @author leizhimin 2009-11-17 12:50:03
*/
public class TestBigDecimal {
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println( "------------构造BigDecimal-------------");
//从char[]数组来创建BigDecimal
BigDecimal bd1 = new BigDecimal( "123456789.123456888".toCharArray(), 4, 12);
System.out.println( "bd1=" + bd1);
//从char[]数组来创建BigDecimal
BigDecimal bd2 = new BigDecimal( "123456789.123456111133333213".toCharArray(), 4, 18, MathContext.DECIMAL128);
System.out.println( "bd2=" + bd2);
//从字符串创建BigDecimal
BigDecimal bd3 = new BigDecimal( "123456789.123456111133333213");
System.out.println( "bd3=" + bd3);
//从字符串创建BigDecimal,3是有效数字个数
BigDecimal bd4 = new BigDecimal( "88.456", new MathContext(3, RoundingMode.UP));
System.out.println( "bd4=" + bd4);
System.out.println( "------------使用BigDecimal-------------");
System.out.println( "bd1+bd2=" + bd1.add(bd2));
System.out.println( "bd1+bd2=" + bd1.add(bd2, new MathContext(24, RoundingMode.UP)));
System.out.println( "bd1-bd2=" + bd1.subtract(bd2).toPlainString());
System.out.println( "bd1-bd2=" + bd1.subtract(bd2, new MathContext(24, RoundingMode.UP)).toPlainString());
System.out.println( "bd1*bd2=" + bd1.multiply(bd2));
System.out.println( "bd1*bd2=" + bd1.multiply(bd2, new MathContext(24, RoundingMode.UP)));
System.out.println( "bd1/bd4=" + bd1.divideToIntegralValue(bd4));
System.out.println( "bd1/bd4=" + bd1.divideToIntegralValue(bd4, new MathContext(24, RoundingMode.UP)));
System.out.println( "bd1末位数据精度=" + bd1.ulp());
import java.math.BigDecimal;
import java.math.MathContext;
import java.math.RoundingMode;
/**
* 测试BigDecimal
*
* @author leizhimin 2009-11-17 12:50:03
*/
public class TestBigDecimal {
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println( "------------构造BigDecimal-------------");
//从char[]数组来创建BigDecimal
BigDecimal bd1 = new BigDecimal( "123456789.123456888".toCharArray(), 4, 12);
System.out.println( "bd1=" + bd1);
//从char[]数组来创建BigDecimal
BigDecimal bd2 = new BigDecimal( "123456789.123456111133333213".toCharArray(), 4, 18, MathContext.DECIMAL128);
System.out.println( "bd2=" + bd2);
//从字符串创建BigDecimal
BigDecimal bd3 = new BigDecimal( "123456789.123456111133333213");
System.out.println( "bd3=" + bd3);
//从字符串创建BigDecimal,3是有效数字个数
BigDecimal bd4 = new BigDecimal( "88.456", new MathContext(3, RoundingMode.UP));
System.out.println( "bd4=" + bd4);
System.out.println( "------------使用BigDecimal-------------");
System.out.println( "bd1+bd2=" + bd1.add(bd2));
System.out.println( "bd1+bd2=" + bd1.add(bd2, new MathContext(24, RoundingMode.UP)));
System.out.println( "bd1-bd2=" + bd1.subtract(bd2).toPlainString());
System.out.println( "bd1-bd2=" + bd1.subtract(bd2, new MathContext(24, RoundingMode.UP)).toPlainString());
System.out.println( "bd1*bd2=" + bd1.multiply(bd2));
System.out.println( "bd1*bd2=" + bd1.multiply(bd2, new MathContext(24, RoundingMode.UP)));
System.out.println( "bd1/bd4=" + bd1.divideToIntegralValue(bd4));
System.out.println( "bd1/bd4=" + bd1.divideToIntegralValue(bd4, new MathContext(24, RoundingMode.UP)));
System.out.println( "bd1末位数据精度=" + bd1.ulp());