一、 Spring事务概念:
事务是一系列的动作,它们综合在一起才是一个完整的工作单元,这些动作必须全部完成,如果有一个失败的话,那么事务就会回滚到最开始的状态,仿佛什么都没发生过一样。
在企业级应用程序开发中,事务管理必不可少的技术,用来确保数据的完整性和一致性。
事务有四个特性:ACID
-
原子性(Atomicity):事务是一个原子操作,由一系列动作组成。事务的原子性确保动作要么全部完成,要么完全不起作用。
-
一致性(Consistency):一旦事务完成(不管成功还是失败),系统必须确保它所建模的业务处于一致的状态,而不会是部分完成部分失败。在现实中的数据不应该被破坏。
-
隔离性(Isolation):可能有许多事务会同时处理相同的数据,因此每个事务都应该与其他事务隔离开来,防止数据损坏。
-
持久性(Durability):一旦事务完成,无论发生什么系统错误,它的结果都不应该受到影响,这样就能从任何系统崩溃中恢复过来。通常情况下,事务的结果被写到持久化存储器中。
举个简单的例子:例如陈多多给陈多糖转钱,但是在转钱的过程中出现了问题,银行系统出现了问题,那么陈多多的钱给陈多糖转过去了,但是陈多糖却没有收到钱?这个就很尴尬
那么怎么避免?出现这个问题啦?这个时候就要用到我们spring中的事务管理
二、用xml的方式实现事务管理
第一步、导jar包
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>log4j</groupId>
<artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
<version>1.2.17</version>
</dependency>
<!-- spring start -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
<version>LATEST</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId>
<version>LATEST</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-instrument</artifactId>
<version>LATEST</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-orm</artifactId>
<version>LATEST</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-oxm</artifactId>
<version>LATEST</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-messaging</artifactId>
<version>LATEST</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
<version>LATEST</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>LATEST</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
<version>LATEST</version>
</dependency>
<!-- spring end -->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>fastjson</artifactId>
<version>1.2.47</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.mchange</groupId>
<artifactId>c3p0</artifactId>
<version>0.9.5.2</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>8.0.15</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
<version>1.2</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>taglibs</groupId>
<artifactId>standard</artifactId>
<version>1.1.2</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
<version>4.0.0</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis-spring</artifactId>
<version>1.3.2</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
<version>3.5.0</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/aspectj/aspectjrt -->
<dependency>
<groupId>aspectj</groupId>
<artifactId>aspectjrt</artifactId>
<version>1.5.4</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/aspectj/aspectjweaver -->
<dependency>
<groupId>aspectj</groupId>
<artifactId>aspectjweaver</artifactId>
<version>1.5.4</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<resources>
<resource>
<directory>src/main/java</directory>
<includes>
<include>**/*.xml</include>
</includes>
<filtering>false</filtering>
</resource>
</resources>
</build>
第二步、创建Mapper接口和实体类
package com.bdqn.zmj.dao;
import com.bdqn.zmj.entity.user;
import java.util.List;
public interface UserMapper {
List<user> GetList();
//转出
void jian();
//转入
void add();
}
package com.bdqn.zmj.entity;
public class user {
int uid;
String uname;
int money;
//注意这里对应的是映射文件里的UserId,而不是这类里的uid
public int getUserId() {
return uid;
}
public void setUserId(int uid) {
this.uid = uid;
}
public String getUserName() {
return uname;
}
public void setUserName(String uname) {
this.uname = uname;
}
public int getMoney() {
return money;
}
public void setMoney(int money) {
this.money = money;
}
}
第三步、创建mybatis映射文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper
PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.bdqn.zmj.dao.UserMapper">
<resultMap id="userMap" type="user">
<id property="userId" column="uid" />
<result property="userName" column="uname"/>
<result property="money" column="money" />
</resultMap>
<select id="GetList" resultMap="userMap">
select * from t_user
</select>
<update id="jian">
update t_user set money = money-500 where uid =1
</update>
<update id="add">
update t_user set money = money +500 where uid =2
</update>
</mapper>
第四步、Service层代码
package com.bdqn.zmj.service;
import com.bdqn.zmj.dao.UserMapper;
import com.bdqn.zmj.entity.user;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;
import java.util.List;
/*
* 事务一般都加在service层,因为service调用dao
* 当servoce调用多个dao方法的时候事务如下处理
* 加载controller层:当controller调用多个service方法发的时候事务如何处理
*
* */
@Service
public class UserService{
@Autowired
UserMapper dao;
public List<user> GetList(){
return dao.GetList();
}
@Transactional
public void transfer() {
dao.jian();
int i = 10/0;
dao.add();
}
}
第五步、ApplicationContext配置文件、mybatis映射文件、Log4J配置文件、数据库配置文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">
<context:component-scan base-package="com.bdqn.zmj"/>
<!--注入配置文件-->
<context:property-placeholder location="classpath:db.properties"/>
<!--两个框架整合:几乎所有的配置都交给了spring,因为spring专门做整合-->
<!--1.数据源-->
<bean id="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource">
<property name="driverClass" value="${driver}"/>
<property name="jdbcUrl" value="${url}"/>
<property name="user" value="${user}"/>
<property name="password" value="${password}"/>
<!--其他数据库连接池配置省略,比如:连接个数,最大连接数。。。。-->
</bean>
<!--配置sqlSessionFactiorBean-->
<bean id="sessionFactoryBean" class="org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean">
<property name="configLocation" value="classpath:mybatis-config.xml"></property>
<property name="mapperLocations" value="com/bdqn/zmj/mapper/*.xml"></property>
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"></property>
</bean>
<!--配置接口扫描-->
<bean class="org.mybatis.spring.mapper.MapperScannerConfigurer">
<property name="basePackage" value="com.bdqn.zmj.dao"/>
<property name="sqlSessionFactoryBeanName" value="sessionFactoryBean"/>
</bean>
<!--配置事务管理器-->
<bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
</bean>
配置事务传播行为,就是 有事务的方法调用 没有事务的方法的时候,事务应该如何传递
<tx:advice id="txadvice" transaction-manager="transactionManager">
<tx:attributes>
<tx:method name="transfer" propagation="REQUIRED"/>
</tx:attributes>
</tx:advice>
<!--配置切面-->
<aop:config>
<aop:pointcut id="pointcut" expression="execution(* com.bdqn.zmj..*.*(..))"/>
<aop:advisor advice-ref="txadvice" pointcut-ref="pointcut"/>
</aop:config>
</beans>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE configuration
PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">
<!--通过这个配置文件,完成mybatis与数据库的连接 -->
<configuration>
<settings>
<setting name="logImpl" value="LOG4J"/>
</settings>
<!-- 设置类的别名 -->
<typeAliases>
<!-- <typeAlias alias="User" type="com.wu.pojo.User"/> -->
<!-- 根据包取别名,把包下面的所有类都按类名来取别名 -->
<!-- 这用可以简化代码量 -->
<package name="com.bdqn.zmj.entity"/>
</typeAliases>
</configuration>
log4j.rootLogger=info,CONSOLE
#############################################################
# Console Appender
#############################################################
log4j.appender.CONSOLE=org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender
log4j.appender.Threshold=info
##log4j.appender.CONSOLE.DatePattern=yyyy-MM-dd
log4j.appender.CONSOLE.Target=System.out
log4j.appender.CONSOLE.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.CONSOLE.layout.ConversionPattern= %d{yyyy-M-d HH:mm:ss}%x[%5p] %m%n
driver=com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/fresh?serverTimezone=UTC
user=root
password=root
第六步、编写测试类
package com.bdqn.zmj.test;
import com.bdqn.zmj.entity.user;
import com.bdqn.zmj.service.UserService;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;
import java.util.List;
public class Testone {
ApplicationContext context = null;
@Before
public void load(){
context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
}
@Test
//事务,下面的方法只有全执行和全不执行两种状态
public void test2(){
UserService service = context.getBean("userService", UserService.class);
service.transfer();
}
}
数据库中的数据没有变化,操作失败,数据回滚回去了!!!
二、用注解的方式实现事务管理
只需要改变两个地方即可
第一、service层,方法上加上 @Transactional
package com.bdqn.zmj.service;
import com.bdqn.zmj.dao.UserMapper;
import com.bdqn.zmj.entity.user;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;
import java.util.List;
/*
* 事务一般都加在service层,因为service调用dao
* 当servoce调用多个dao方法的时候事务如下处理
* 加载controller层:当controller调用多个service方法发的时候事务如何处理
*
* */
@Service
public class UserService{
@Autowired
UserMapper dao;
public List<user> GetList(){
return dao.GetList();
}
@Transactional
public void transfer() {
dao.jian();
int i = 10/0;
dao.add();
}
}
第二步、ApplicationContext.xml中,只留下配置事务管理器、然后加上扫描事务的<tx:annotation-driven />
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">
<context:component-scan base-package="com.bdqn.zmj"/>
<!--注入配置文件-->
<context:property-placeholder location="classpath:db.properties"/>
<!--两个框架整合:几乎所有的配置都交给了spring,因为spring专门做整合-->
<!--1.数据源-->
<bean id="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource">
<property name="driverClass" value="${driver}"/>
<property name="jdbcUrl" value="${url}"/>
<property name="user" value="${user}"/>
<property name="password" value="${password}"/>
<!--其他数据库连接池配置省略,比如:连接个数,最大连接数。。。。-->
</bean>
<!--配置sqlSessionFactiorBean-->
<bean id="sessionFactoryBean" class="org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean">
<property name="configLocation" value="classpath:mybatis-config.xml"></property>
<property name="mapperLocations" value="com/bdqn/zmj/mapper/*.xml"></property>
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"></property>
</bean>
<!--配置接口扫描-->
<bean class="org.mybatis.spring.mapper.MapperScannerConfigurer">
<property name="basePackage" value="com.bdqn.zmj.dao"/>
<property name="sqlSessionFactoryBeanName" value="sessionFactoryBean"/>
</bean>
<!--配置事务管理器-->
<bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
</bean>
<!--配置事务传播行为,就是 有事务的方法调用 没有事务的方法的时候,事务应该如何传递-->
<!--<tx:advice id="txadvice" transaction-manager="transactionManager">-->
<!--<tx:attributes>-->
<!--<tx:method name="transfer" propagation="REQUIRED"/>-->
<!--</tx:attributes>-->
<!--</tx:advice>-->
<!--<!–配置切面–>-->
<!--<aop:config>-->
<!--<aop:pointcut id="pointcut" expression="execution(* com.bdqn.zmj..*.*(..))"/>-->
<!--<aop:advisor advice-ref="txadvice" pointcut-ref="pointcut"/>-->
<!--</aop:config>-->
<tx:annotation-driven />
</beans>
这两种方式都可以实现事务配置、但是我们不配置细节的话,用的都是注解的方式、xml方式用于比较细致的配置,比如什么银行转账什么的