上面一个实验，两个区域，不同区域之间有相同的router-id 暂时没有出现问题，现在这个实验不同区域间有相同的router-id就出问题了。拓扑如下：



 

 

其中R3是ASBR，RIP与OSPF之间互相进行了重分布，正常情况上，如果router-id没有相同的话，R1应该可以学到R4的路由。但情况是R1的路由如下：

R1#sh ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
       i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
       ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
       o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route

Gateway of last resort is not set

     10.0.0.0/30 is subnetted, 2 subnets
C       10.10.12.0 is directly connected, Serial1/1
O IA    10.10.23.0 [110/128] via 10.10.12.2, 00:57:28, Serial1/1
C    192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, Loopback0
R1#

再看R2路由，R2的路由多看几次就会发现不同。

R2#sh ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
       i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
       ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
       o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route

Gateway of last resort is not set

     10.0.0.0/30 is subnetted, 3 subnets
C       10.10.12.0 is directly connected, Serial1/0
C       10.10.23.0 is directly connected, Serial1/1
O E2    10.10.34.0 [110/20] via 10.10.23.2, 00:00:05, Serial1/1
     192.168.1.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O       192.168.1.1 [110/65] via 10.10.12.1, 00:09:50, Serial1/0
O E2 192.168.2.0/24 [110/20] via 10.10.23.2, 00:00:05, Serial1/1


R2#sh ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
       i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
       ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
       o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route

Gateway of last resort is not set

     10.0.0.0/30 is subnetted, 2 subnets
C       10.10.12.0 is directly connected, Serial1/0
C       10.10.23.0 is directly connected, Serial1/1
     192.168.1.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O       192.168.1.1 [110/65] via 10.10.12.1, 00:09:51, Serial1/0

两个E2路由时有时无，但R1始终没有E2的路由。

再看一个R2的database

R2#sh ip ospf database

            OSPF Router with ID (2.2.2.2) (Process ID 100)

                Router Link States (Area 0)

Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum Link count
1.1.1.1         1.1.1.1         827         0x80000012 0x006068 3
2.2.2.2         2.2.2.2         820         0x8000000F 0x008CB5 2

                Summary Net Link States (Area 0)

Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum
10.10.23.0      2.2.2.2         815         0x80000001 0x00C408

                Summary ASB Link States (Area 0)

Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum
1.1.1.1         2.2.2.2         512         0x80000001 0x00935C

                Router Link States (Area 1)

Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum Link count
1.1.1.1         1.1.1.1         518         0x80000003 0x008DAD 2
2.2.2.2         2.2.2.2         800         0x80000002 0x00102A 2

                Summary Net Link States (Area 1)

Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum
10.10.12.0      2.2.2.2         821         0x80000001 0x003E99
192.168.1.1     2.2.2.2         821         0x80000001 0x001375

                Type-5 AS External Link States

Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum Tag
10.10.34.0      1.1.1.1         3600        0x80000066 0x00B166 0
192.168.2.0     1.1.1.1         3600        0x80000066 0x006E71 0

_____________________________________________________

好，现在修改R3的router-id 为3.3.3.3看效果：

R3(config)#router ospf 100
R3(config-router)#router
R3(config-router)#router-id 3.3.3.3
Reload or use "clear ip ospf process" command, for this to take effect
R3(config-router)#
R3(config-router)#
R3(config-router)#
R3(config-router)#do clear ip ospf pr
% Ambiguous command:  "do clear ip ospf pr"
R3(config-router)#do clear ip ospf pr
Reset ALL OSPF processes? [no]: y

再来看R1的路由，正常了。

R1#sh ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
       i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
       ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
       o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route

Gateway of last resort is not set

     10.0.0.0/30 is subnetted, 3 subnets
C       10.10.12.0 is directly connected, Serial1/1
O IA    10.10.23.0 [110/128] via 10.10.12.2, 01:01:03, Serial1/1
O E2    10.10.34.0 [110/20] via 10.10.12.2, 00:00:00, Serial1/1
C    192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, Loopback0
O E2 192.168.2.0/24 [110/20] via 10.10.12.2, 00:00:00, Serial1/1

至于为什么出现这个现象，我的理解是，因为外部路由重发布到OSPF中，在ABR传播中， ABR不能修改其router-id ，所以当ASBR的route-id 与区域中的某一台路由器router-id相同时就会出问题。