一直以来对linux下新硬盘分区挂载比较晕,大部分服务器都是装系统的时候分好区再也没有管,刚才无意看到一篇文章,稍加修改总结出下面的东西。
Linux的硬盘识别:
2.6 kernel以后,linux会将识别到的硬件设备,在/dev/下建立相应的设备文件.如:
sda 表示第1块SCSI硬盘
hda 表示第1块IDE硬盘(即连接在第1个IDE接口的Master口上)
scd0 表示第1个USB光驱.
当添加了新硬盘后,在/dev目录下会有相应的设备文件产生.cciss的硬盘是个例外,它的
设备文件在/dev/cciss/目录下.一般使用”fdisk -l”命令可以列出系统中当前连接的硬盘
设备和分区信息.新硬盘没有分区信息,则只显示硬盘大小信息.
1.关闭服务器加上新硬盘
2.启动服务器,以root用户登录
3.查看硬盘信息
#fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 146.1 GB, 146163105792 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 17769 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 1 13 104391 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 14 5112 40957717+ 83 Linux
/dev/sda3 5113 5243 1052257+ 82 Linux swap /
Solaris
/dev/sda4 5244 17769 100615095 5 Extended
/dev/sda5 5244 17769 100615063+ 83 Linux
Disk /dev/sdb: 291.3 GB, 291331192320 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 17769 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Disk /dev/sdb1: 291.3 GB, 291331192320 bytes
4.创建新硬盘分区
fdisk可以用m命令来看fdisk命令的内部命令;
a:命令指定启动分区;
d:命令删除一个存在的分区;
l:命令显示分区ID号的列表;
m:查看fdisk命令帮助;
n:命令创建一个新分区;
p:命令显示分区列表;
t:命令修改分区的类型ID号;
w:命令是将对分区表的修改存盘让它发生作用。
#fdisk /dev/sdb
Command (m for help):n
Command action
e extended //输入e为创建扩展分区
p primary partition (1-4)
Partion number(1-4):1
Command (m for help): w
输入n回车,再输入p回车,再输出1回车,一路回车,最后输入w回车保存。
查看一下:
fdisk -l
可以看到/dev/sdb1分区
5.格式化分区:
mkfs.ext3 /dev/sdb1
6.创建/data1目录:
mkdir /data1
7.挂载分区:
mount /dev/sdb1 /data1
8.配置开机自动挂载
因为mount挂载在重启服务器后会失效,所以需要将分区信息写到/etc/fstab文件中让它永久挂载:
vi /etc/fstab
加入:
LABEL=/data1 /data1 ext3 defaults 1 2
查看cat /etc/fstab
LABEL=/ / ext3 defaults 1 1
LABEL=/data /data ext3 defaults 1 2
LABEL=/data1 /data1 ext3 defaults 1 2
LABEL=/boot /boot ext3 defaults 1 2
tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs defaults 0 0
devpts /dev/pts devpts gid=5,mode=620 0 0
sysfs /sys sysfs defaults 0 0
proc /proc proc defaults 0 0
LABEL=SWAP-hda3 swap swap defaults 0 0
9.重启系统即可...
注意:如果你创建新分区的时候选择扩展分区的话按照上面的直接格式化会报错的。
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb
Command (m for help): n
Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4)
e
[root@localhost ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb1 -----直接格式化会出问题,因为你的扩展分区还没有建立逻辑分区
mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
mkfs.ext4: inode_size (128) * inodes_count (0) too big for a
filesystem with 0 blocks, specify higher inode_ratio (-i)
or lower inode count (-N).
[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/sdb1 /data/
mount: you must specify the filesystem type ------无法挂载
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb
WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to
switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to
sectors (command 'u').
Command (m for help): n
Command action
l logical (5 or over) -------创建逻辑分区
p primary partition (1-4)
l
First cylinder (1-1305, default 1): 1
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-1305, default 1305):
Using default value 1305
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 32.2 GB, 32212254720 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 3916 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00098cae
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 1 39 307200 83 Linux
Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
/dev/sda2 39 3660 29084672 83 Linux
/dev/sda3 3660 3917 2064384 82 Linux swap / Solaris
Disk /dev/sdb: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1305 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0xb307eb42
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 1 1305 10482381 5 Extended
/dev/sdb5 1 1305 10482349+ 83 Linux ------新建立的逻辑分区
再做格式化就成功了。
[root@localhost ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb5
mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
655360 inodes, 2620587 blocks
131029 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=2684354560
80 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8192 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
This filesystem will be automatically checked every 38 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
再挂载就成功了
[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/sdb5 /data/
[root@localhost ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda2 28G 6.4G 20G 25% /
tmpfs 504M 264K 504M 1% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1 291M 31M 245M 12% /boot
/dev/sr0 3.5G 3.5G 0 100% /mnt
/dev/sdb5 9.9G 151M 9.2G 2% /data
开机自动挂载
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/fstab
#
# /etc/fstab
# Created by anaconda on Thu Mar 21 16:33:16 2013
#
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
#
UUID=f41adc80-b4ea-43cc-8335-577500e7f50f / ext4 defaults 1 1
UUID=04b8d660-16b3-49e0-bfd8-b98f4e8ed266 /boot ext4 defaults 1 2
UUID=7d663775-3e63-40b2-8f0b-e334205d340e swap swap defaults 0 0
tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs defaults 0 0
devpts /dev/pts devpts gid=5,mode=620 0 0
sysfs /sys sysfs defaults 0 0
proc /proc proc defaults 0 0
/dev/cdrom /mnt iso9660 auto 0 0
/dev/sdb5 /data ext4 defaults 1 2
转载于:https://blog.51cto.com/bingwzi/1339968