代理的问题经常被提到,自己本身也比较模糊,借助慕课网的课程学习下,自己做做笔记,下次不清楚回来在看看,本文主要是介绍下JDK动态代理。
- 代理分两种:静态代理(代理设计模式里面会涉及到)、动态代理(jdk、cglib)
一、概述
caller -> proxy -> target
JDK动态代理是基于 接口 的,proxy(runtime 动态生成字节码)和target都会实现相同的接口,proxy可以对target进行包装,如在target调用方法前后做自定义处理。
二、流程
JDK动态代理是利用反射技术,动态生成对应的代理类,利用InvocationHandler接口的invoke实现具体方法调用。
- 接口
public interface Subject {
void helloWorld();
}
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- target 目标类
public class RealSubject implements Subject {
@Override
public void helloWorld() {
System.out.println("hello world");
}
}
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- InvocationHandler
public class JdkProxySubject implements InvocationHandler {
private RealSubject realSubject;
public JdkProxySubject(RealSubject realSubject) {
this.realSubject = realSubject;
}
@Override
public Object invoke(Object proxy, Method method, Object[] args) throws Throwable {
System.out.println("before");
Object result = null;
try {
result = method.invoke(realSubject, args);
} catch (IllegalAccessException | IllegalArgumentException | InvocationTargetException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println("after");
return result;
}
}
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- 结果
public class Client {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// 显示动态生成的代理对象的class文件
System.getProperties().put("sun.misc.ProxyGenerator.saveGeneratedFiles", "true");
Subject subject = (Subject) Proxy.newProxyInstance(
Client.class.getClassLoader(),
new Class[]{Subject.class},
new JdkProxySubject(new RealSubject())
);
subject.helloWorld();
}
/**
* 运行的结果
* before
* hello world
* after
*/
}
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- 代理对象的class文件
package com.sun.proxy;
import com.juststand.aop.dynamic.Subject;
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationHandler;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.lang.reflect.Proxy;
import java.lang.reflect.UndeclaredThrowableException;
public final class $Proxy0 extends Proxy implements Subject {
private static Method m1;
private static Method m3;
private static Method m2;
private static Method m0;
public $Proxy0(InvocationHandler var1) throws {
super(var1);
}
public final boolean equals(Object var1) throws {
try {
return ((Boolean)super.h.invoke(this, m1, new Object[]{var1})).booleanValue();
} catch (RuntimeException | Error var3) {
throw var3;
} catch (Throwable var4) {
throw new UndeclaredThrowableException(var4);
}
}
public final void helloWorld() throws {
try {
super.h.invoke(this, m3, (Object[])null);
} catch (RuntimeException | Error var2) {
throw var2;
} catch (Throwable var3) {
throw new UndeclaredThrowableException(var3);
}
}
public final String toString() throws {
try {
return (String)super.h.invoke(this, m2, (Object[])null);
} catch (RuntimeException | Error var2) {
throw var2;
} catch (Throwable var3) {
throw new UndeclaredThrowableException(var3);
}
}
public final int hashCode() throws {
try {
return ((Integer)super.h.invoke(this, m0, (Object[])null)).intValue();
} catch (RuntimeException | Error var2) {
throw var2;
} catch (Throwable var3) {
throw new UndeclaredThrowableException(var3);
}
}
static {
try {
m1 = Class.forName("java.lang.Object").getMethod("equals", Class.forName("java.lang.Object"));
m3 = Class.forName("com.juststand.aop.dynamic.Subject").getMethod("helloWorld");
m2 = Class.forName("java.lang.Object").getMethod("toString");
m0 = Class.forName("java.lang.Object").getMethod("hashCode");
} catch (NoSuchMethodException var2) {
throw new NoSuchMethodError(var2.getMessage());
} catch (ClassNotFoundException var3) {
throw new NoClassDefFoundError(var3.getMessage());
}
}
}
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三、源码解析
3.1 Proxy
public static Object newProxyInstance(ClassLoader loader,
Class<?>[] interfaces,
InvocationHandler h)
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运行时动态生成字节码文件,并且在运行时候加载类,需要三个构造函数
- 类加载器
- 需要代理的接口
- 调用处理器 InvocationHandler
3.2 Proxy.newProxyInstance(..) -> getProxyClass0(..)
/**
* a cache of proxy classes
*/
private static final WeakCache<ClassLoader, Class<?>[], Class<?>>
proxyClassCache = new WeakCache<>(new KeyFactory(), new ProxyClassFactory());
private static Class<?> getProxyClass0(ClassLoader loader,
Class<?>... interfaces) {
if (interfaces.length > 65535) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("interface limit exceeded");
}
// If the proxy class defined by the given loader implementing
// the given interfaces exists, this will simply return the cached copy;
// otherwise, it will create the proxy class via the ProxyClassFactory
return proxyClassCache.get(loader, interfaces);
}
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如果proxy class已经存在就从缓存中返回,如果没有就通过ProxyClassFactory创建。
WeakCache内部是ConcurrentHashMap
3.3 Proxy.newProxyInstance(..) -> getProxyClass0(..) -> ProxyClassFactory.apply(..)
内部用反射生成需要的Class对象。
ProxyClassFactory.apply(..) 里面通过ProxyGenerator.generateProxyClass(..)生成代理对象的字节码文件。
byte[] proxyClassFile = ProxyGenerator.generateProxyClass(
proxyName, interfaces, accessFlags);
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平时debug看到的一些$Proxy0这样的东西,都是在apply方法里面生成的,ProxyClassFactory有个全局变量
// prefix for all proxy class names
private static final String proxyClassNamePrefix = "$Proxy";
// next number to use for generation of unique proxy class names
private static final AtomicLong nextUniqueNumber = new AtomicLong();
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3.4 $Proxy0
subject.helloWorld() 实际上 $Proxy0.helloWorld() ,$Proxy0调用父类Proxy的InvocationHandler.invoke(..)方法,在本例中就是JdkProxySubject.invoke(..)