O:
f(n) = O(g(n)) , means that there are some suitable constants,such that 0 <= f(n) <= c·g(n). Consider as less than or equal to.
Ex:
f(n) = n3 + O(n2) , means that f(n) is basically n3 but there are these lower order terms that are O(n2).
n2 + O(n) = O(n2)
Ω:
f(n) = Ω(g(n)) , means that f(n) is at least some constant times g(n). 0 <= cg(n) <= f(n). Consider as greater than or equal to.
Ex:
√n = Ω(log n) , means root n is at least log n for suffciently large n.
θ:
θ(g(n)) = O(g(n)) ∩ Ω(g(n)) . Consider as equal to.
o,ω:
o is the strict version of O and ω is the strict version of Ω. Consider as > and <.