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基于最简单的FFmpeg的AVDevice样品文章:
最简单的基于FFmpeg的AVDevice样例(读取摄像头)
最简单的基于FFmpeg的AVDevice样例(屏幕录制)
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计划写2个有关FFmpeg的libavdevice类库的样例。上篇文章记录了一个基于FFmpeg的Libavdevice类库读取摄像头数据的样例。本篇文章记录一个基于FFmpeg的Libavdevice类库录制屏幕的样例。本文程序录制当前桌面内容而且解码显示出来。有关解码显示方面的代码本文不再详述。能够參考文章:
《100行代码实现最简单的基于FFMPEG+SDL的视频播放器(SDL1.x)》
抓屏方法
上篇文章记录了libavdevice的用法,本文不再反复。在Windows系统使用libavdevice抓取屏幕数据有两种方法:gdigrab和dshow。
下文分别介绍。
1. gdigrab
gdigrab是FFmpeg专门用于抓取Windows桌面的设备。很适合用于屏幕录制。它通过不同的输入URL支持两种方式的抓取:
(1)“desktop”:抓取整张桌面。或者抓取桌面中的一个特定的区域。
(2)“title={窗体名称}”:抓取屏幕中特定的一个窗体(眼下中文窗体还有乱码问题)。
gdigrab另外还支持一些參数,用于设定抓屏的位置:
offset_x:抓屏起始点横坐标。
offset_y:抓屏起始点纵坐标。
video_size:抓屏的大小。
framerate:抓屏的帧率。
參考的代码例如以下:
//Use gdigrab
AVDictionary* options = NULL;
//Set some options
//grabbing frame rate
//av_dict_set(&options,"framerate","5",0);
//The distance from the left edge of the screen or desktop
//av_dict_set(&options,"offset_x","20",0);
//The distance from the top edge of the screen or desktop
//av_dict_set(&options,"offset_y","40",0);
//Video frame size. The default is to capture the full screen
//av_dict_set(&options,"video_size","640x480",0);
AVInputFormat *ifmt=av_find_input_format("gdigrab");
if(avformat_open_input(&pFormatCtx,"desktop",ifmt,&options)!=0){
printf("Couldn't open input stream.(无法打开输入流)\n");
return -1;
}
2. dshow
使用dshow抓屏须要安装抓屏软件:screen-capture-recorder
软件地址: http://sourceforge.net/projects/screencapturer/
下载软件安装完毕后,能够指定dshow的输入设备为“screen-capture-recorder”就可以。有关dshow设备的用法在上一篇文章中已经有具体叙述,这里不再反复。參考的代码例如以下:
AVInputFormat *ifmt=av_find_input_format("dshow");
if(avformat_open_input(&pFormatCtx,"video=screen-capture-recorder",ifmt,NULL)!=0){
printf("Couldn't open input stream.(无法打开输入流)\n");
return -1;
}
注:上述两种抓屏方法也能够直接使用ffmpeg.exe的命令行完毕,能够參考文章:
FFmpeg获取DirectShow设备数据(摄像头,录屏)
在Linux下能够使用x11grab抓屏,在MacOS下能够使用avfoundation抓屏,在这里不再具体叙述。
代码
以下直接贴上程序代码:
/**
* 最简单的基于FFmpeg的AVDevice样例(屏幕录制)
* Simplest FFmpeg Device (Screen Capture)
*
* 雷霄骅 Lei Xiaohua
* leixiaohua1020@126.com
* 中国传媒大学/数字电视技术
* Communication University of China / Digital TV Technology
* http://blog.csdn.net/leixiaohua1020
*
* 本程序实现了屏幕录制功能。能够录制并播放桌面数据。
是基于FFmpeg * 的libavdevice类库最简单的样例。
通过该样例,能够学习FFmpeg中 * libavdevice类库的用法。
* 本程序在Windows下能够使用2种方式录制屏幕: * 1.gdigrab: Win32下的基于GDI的屏幕录制设备。
* 抓取桌面的时候。输入URL为“desktop”。 * 2.dshow: 使用Directshow。注意须要安装额外的软件screen-capture-recorder * 在Linux下能够使用x11grab录制屏幕。
* 在MacOS下能够使用avfoundation录制屏幕。 * * This software capture screen of computer. It's the simplest example * about usage of FFmpeg's libavdevice Library. * It's suiltable for the beginner of FFmpeg. * This software support 2 methods to capture screen in Microsoft Windows: * 1.gdigrab: Win32 GDI-based screen capture device. * Input URL in avformat_open_input() is "desktop". * 2.dshow: Use Directshow. Need to install screen-capture-recorder. * It use x11grab to capture screen in Linux. * It use avfoundation to capture screen in MacOS. */ #include <stdio.h> #define __STDC_CONSTANT_MACROS #ifdef _WIN32 //Windows extern "C" { #include "libavcodec/avcodec.h" #include "libavformat/avformat.h" #include "libswscale/swscale.h" #include "libavdevice/avdevice.h" #include "SDL/SDL.h" }; #else //Linux... #ifdef __cplusplus extern "C" { #endif #include <libavcodec/avcodec.h> #include <libavformat/avformat.h> #include <libswscale/swscale.h> #include <libavdevice/avdevice.h> #include <SDL/SDL.h> #ifdef __cplusplus }; #endif #endif //Output YUV420P #define OUTPUT_YUV420P 0 //'1' Use Dshow //'0' Use GDIgrab #define USE_DSHOW 0 //Refresh Event #define SFM_REFRESH_EVENT (SDL_USEREVENT + 1) int thread_exit=0; int sfp_refresh_thread(void *opaque) { while (thread_exit==0) { SDL_Event event; event.type = SFM_REFRESH_EVENT; SDL_PushEvent(&event); SDL_Delay(40); } return 0; } //Show Dshow Device void show_dshow_device(){ AVFormatContext *pFormatCtx = avformat_alloc_context(); AVDictionary* options = NULL; av_dict_set(&options,"list_devices","true",0); AVInputFormat *iformat = av_find_input_format("dshow"); printf("========Device Info=============\n"); avformat_open_input(&pFormatCtx,"video=dummy",iformat,&options); printf("================================\n"); } //Show AVFoundation Device void show_avfoundation_device(){ AVFormatContext *pFormatCtx = avformat_alloc_context(); AVDictionary* options = NULL; av_dict_set(&options,"list_devices","true",0); AVInputFormat *iformat = av_find_input_format("avfoundation"); printf("==AVFoundation Device Info===\n"); avformat_open_input(&pFormatCtx,"",iformat,&options); printf("=============================\n"); } int main(int argc, char* argv[]) { AVFormatContext *pFormatCtx; int i, videoindex; AVCodecContext *pCodecCtx; AVCodec *pCodec; av_register_all(); avformat_network_init(); pFormatCtx = avformat_alloc_context(); //Open File //char filepath[]="src01_480x272_22.h265"; //avformat_open_input(&pFormatCtx,filepath,NULL,NULL) //Register Device avdevice_register_all(); //Windows #ifdef _WIN32 #if USE_DSHOW //Use dshow // //Need to Install screen-capture-recorder //screen-capture-recorder //Website: http://sourceforge.net/projects/screencapturer/ // AVInputFormat *ifmt=av_find_input_format("dshow"); if(avformat_open_input(&pFormatCtx,"video=screen-capture-recorder",ifmt,NULL)!=0){ printf("Couldn't open input stream.\n"); return -1; } #else //Use gdigrab AVDictionary* options = NULL; //Set some options //grabbing frame rate //av_dict_set(&options,"framerate","5",0); //The distance from the left edge of the screen or desktop //av_dict_set(&options,"offset_x","20",0); //The distance from the top edge of the screen or desktop //av_dict_set(&options,"offset_y","40",0); //Video frame size. The default is to capture the full screen //av_dict_set(&options,"video_size","640x480",0); AVInputFormat *ifmt=av_find_input_format("gdigrab"); if(avformat_open_input(&pFormatCtx,"desktop",ifmt,&options)!=0){ printf("Couldn't open input stream.\n"); return -1; } #endif #elif defined linux //Linux AVDictionary* options = NULL; //Set some options //grabbing frame rate //av_dict_set(&options,"framerate","5",0); //Make the grabbed area follow the mouse //av_dict_set(&options,"follow_mouse","centered",0); //Video frame size. The default is to capture the full screen //av_dict_set(&options,"video_size","640x480",0); AVInputFormat *ifmt=av_find_input_format("x11grab"); //Grab at position 10,20 if(avformat_open_input(&pFormatCtx,":0.0+10,20",ifmt,&options)!=0){ printf("Couldn't open input stream.\n"); return -1; } #else show_avfoundation_device(); //Mac AVInputFormat *ifmt=av_find_input_format("avfoundation"); //Avfoundation //[video]:[audio] if(avformat_open_input(&pFormatCtx,"1",ifmt,NULL)!=0){ printf("Couldn't open input stream.\n"); return -1; } #endif if(avformat_find_stream_info(pFormatCtx,NULL)<0) { printf("Couldn't find stream information.\n"); return -1; } videoindex=-1; for(i=0; i<pFormatCtx->nb_streams; i++) if(pFormatCtx->streams[i]->codec->codec_type==AVMEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO) { videoindex=i; break; } if(videoindex==-1) { printf("Didn't find a video stream.\n"); return -1; } pCodecCtx=pFormatCtx->streams[videoindex]->codec; pCodec=avcodec_find_decoder(pCodecCtx->codec_id); if(pCodec==NULL) { printf("Codec not found.\n"); return -1; } if(avcodec_open2(pCodecCtx, pCodec,NULL)<0) { printf("Could not open codec.\n"); return -1; } AVFrame *pFrame,*pFrameYUV; pFrame=av_frame_alloc(); pFrameYUV=av_frame_alloc(); //uint8_t *out_buffer=(uint8_t *)av_malloc(avpicture_get_size(PIX_FMT_YUV420P, pCodecCtx->width, pCodecCtx->height)); //avpicture_fill((AVPicture *)pFrameYUV, out_buffer, PIX_FMT_YUV420P, pCodecCtx->width, pCodecCtx->height); //SDL---------------------------- if(SDL_Init(SDL_INIT_VIDEO | SDL_INIT_AUDIO | SDL_INIT_TIMER)) { printf( "Could not initialize SDL - %s\n", SDL_GetError()); return -1; } int screen_w=640,screen_h=360; const SDL_VideoInfo *vi = SDL_GetVideoInfo(); //Half of the Desktop's width and height. screen_w = vi->current_w/2; screen_h = vi->current_h/2; SDL_Surface *screen; screen = SDL_SetVideoMode(screen_w, screen_h, 0,0); if(!screen) { printf("SDL: could not set video mode - exiting:%s\n",SDL_GetError()); return -1; } SDL_Overlay *bmp; bmp = SDL_CreateYUVOverlay(pCodecCtx->width, pCodecCtx->height,SDL_YV12_OVERLAY, screen); SDL_Rect rect; rect.x = 0; rect.y = 0; rect.w = screen_w; rect.h = screen_h; //SDL End------------------------ int ret, got_picture; AVPacket *packet=(AVPacket *)av_malloc(sizeof(AVPacket)); #if OUTPUT_YUV420P FILE *fp_yuv=fopen("output.yuv","wb+"); #endif struct SwsContext *img_convert_ctx; img_convert_ctx = sws_getContext(pCodecCtx->width, pCodecCtx->height, pCodecCtx->pix_fmt, pCodecCtx->width, pCodecCtx->height, PIX_FMT_YUV420P, SWS_BICUBIC, NULL, NULL, NULL); //------------------------------ SDL_Thread *video_tid = SDL_CreateThread(sfp_refresh_thread,NULL); // SDL_WM_SetCaption("Simplest FFmpeg Grab Desktop",NULL); //Event Loop SDL_Event event; for (;;) { //Wait SDL_WaitEvent(&event); if(event.type==SFM_REFRESH_EVENT){ //------------------------------ if(av_read_frame(pFormatCtx, packet)>=0){ if(packet->stream_index==videoindex){ ret = avcodec_decode_video2(pCodecCtx, pFrame, &got_picture, packet); if(ret < 0){ printf("Decode Error.\n"); return -1; } if(got_picture){ SDL_LockYUVOverlay(bmp); pFrameYUV->data[0]=bmp->pixels[0]; pFrameYUV->data[1]=bmp->pixels[2]; pFrameYUV->data[2]=bmp->pixels[1]; pFrameYUV->linesize[0]=bmp->pitches[0]; pFrameYUV->linesize[1]=bmp->pitches[2]; pFrameYUV->linesize[2]=bmp->pitches[1]; sws_scale(img_convert_ctx, (const uint8_t* const*)pFrame->data, pFrame->linesize, 0, pCodecCtx->height, pFrameYUV->data, pFrameYUV->linesize); #if OUTPUT_YUV420P int y_size=pCodecCtx->width*pCodecCtx->height; fwrite(pFrameYUV->data[0],1,y_size,fp_yuv); //Y fwrite(pFrameYUV->data[1],1,y_size/4,fp_yuv); //U fwrite(pFrameYUV->data[2],1,y_size/4,fp_yuv); //V #endif SDL_UnlockYUVOverlay(bmp); SDL_DisplayYUVOverlay(bmp, &rect); } } av_free_packet(packet); }else{ //Exit Thread thread_exit=1; break; } }else if(event.type==SDL_QUIT){ thread_exit=1; break; } } sws_freeContext(img_convert_ctx); #if OUTPUT_YUV420P fclose(fp_yuv); #endif SDL_Quit(); //av_free(out_buffer); av_free(pFrameYUV); avcodec_close(pCodecCtx); avformat_close_input(&pFormatCtx); return 0; }
结果
程序的执行效果例如以下。这个执行结果还是十分有趣的。会出现一个屏幕“嵌套”在还有一个屏幕里面的现象,环环相套。
#define OUTPUT_YUV420P 0
能够通过以下的宏定义来确定使用GDIGrab或者是Dshow打开摄像头:
//'1' Use Dshow
//'0' Use GDIgrab
#define USE_DSHOW 0
Simplest FFmpeg Device
项目主页
SourceForge:https://sourceforge.net/projects/simplestffmpegdevice/
Github:https://github.com/leixiaohua1020/simplest_ffmpeg_device
开源中国:http://git.oschina.net/leixiaohua1020/simplest_ffmpeg_device
http://download.csdn.net/detail/leixiaohua1020/7994049
注:
本工程包括两个基于FFmpeg的libavdevice的样例:
simplest_ffmpeg_grabdesktop:屏幕录制。
simplest_ffmpeg_readcamera:读取摄像头
更新-1.1(2015.1.9)=========================================
该版本号中,改动了SDL的显示方式,弹出的窗体能够移动了。
CSDN下载地址:http://download.csdn.net/detail/leixiaohua1020/8344695
更新-1.2 (2015.2.13)=========================================
这次考虑到了跨平台的要求,调整了源码。经过这次调整之后,源码能够在以下平台编译通过:
VC++:打开sln文件就可以编译,无需配置。
cl.exe:打开compile_cl.bat就可以命令行下使用cl.exe进行编译。注意可能须要依照VC的安装路径调整脚本里面的參数。编译命令例如以下。
::VS2010 Environment
call "D:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 10.0\VC\vcvarsall.bat"
::include
@set INCLUDE=include;%INCLUDE%
::lib
@set LIB=lib;%LIB%
::compile and link
cl simplest_ffmpeg_grabdesktop.cpp /MD /link SDL.lib SDLmain.lib avcodec.lib ^
avformat.lib avutil.lib avdevice.lib avfilter.lib postproc.lib swresample.lib swscale.lib ^
/SUBSYSTEM:WINDOWS /OPT:NOREF
MinGW:MinGW命令行下执行compile_mingw.sh就可以使用MinGW的g++进行编译。编译命令例如以下。
g++ simplest_ffmpeg_grabdesktop.cpp -g -o simplest_ffmpeg_grabdesktop.exe \
-I /usr/local/include -L /usr/local/lib \
-lmingw32 -lSDLmain -lSDL -lavformat -lavcodec -lavutil -lavdevice -lswscale
GCC(Linux):Linux命令行下执行compile_gcc.sh就可以使用GCC进行编译。编译命令例如以下。
gcc simplest_ffmpeg_grabdesktop.cpp -g -o simplest_ffmpeg_grabdesktop.out \
-I /usr/local/include -L /usr/local/lib -lSDLmain -lSDL -lavformat -lavcodec -lavutil -lavdevice -lswscale
GCC(MacOS):MacOS命令行下执行compile_gcc_mac.sh就可以使用GCC进行编译。
Mac的GCC和Linux的GCC区别不大。可是使用SDL1.2的时候。必须加上“-framework Cocoa”參数,否则编译无法通过。
编译命令例如以下。
gcc simplest_ffmpeg_grabdesktop.cpp -g -o simplest_ffmpeg_grabdesktop.out \
-framework Cocoa -I /usr/local/include -L /usr/local/lib -lSDLmain -lSDL -lavformat -lavcodec -lavutil -lavdevice -lswscale
PS:相关的编译命令已经保存到了工程目录中
CSDN下载地址:http://download.csdn.net/detail/leixiaohua1020/8445747
SourceForge它已被更新了。
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