Django REST framework的各种技巧——7.导入导出

其实这个东西跟restframework没有卵关系，顺便写在这里

Django REST framework的各种技巧【目录索引】

导入导出在cms中是一个非常常用的功能，思考做成通用的东西，最终选择django-import-export，虽然这玩意儿最初是想放在admin中用的，虽然用起来很繁琐，但是可以做成通用的东西，而且用起来比较像rest的serializer。

django-import-export==0.4.2
文档

需要看的源码
cd 你的virtualenv/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/import_export

resources.py
instance_loaders.py

先看用法

通过view可以看到，代码在这里是很干净的，跟一个正常的restframework的api没有什么区别。

class SchoolExportView(ExportMixin, GenericAPIView):

    serializer_class = SchoolSerializer
    permission_classes = (IsAuthenticated, ModulePermission)
    queryset = School.objects.filter(is_active=True).order_by('-id')
    resource_class = SchoolResource
    filter_backends = (filters.DjangoFilterBackend, filters.SearchFilter)
    filter_class = SchoolFilter
    search_fields = ('name', 'contact')
    module_perms = ['school.school']


class SchoolImportView(ImportMixin, GenericAPIView):

    serializer_class = SchoolSerializer
    permission_classes = (IsAuthenticated, ModulePermission)
    queryset = School.objects.filter(is_active=True).order_by('-id')
    resource_class = SchoolResource
    module_perms = ['school.school']

Mixin

class ExportMixin(object):

    @GET('filename', type='string', default='download.xls')
    @GET('format', type='string', default='xls', validators='in: xls,xlsx')
    @GET('empty', type='bool', default=False)
    def get(self, request, format, filename, empty):
        queryset = None
        if not empty:
            queryset = self.filter_queryset(self.get_queryset())
        resourse = self.resource_class()
        export_data = resourse.export(queryset, empty)
        return attachment_response(getattr(export_data, format), filename=filename)


class ImportMixin(object):

    @POST('file', validators='required')
    def post(self, request, file):
        import_file = request.FILES['file']
        resource = self.resource_class()
        extra_data = {} if not hasattr(self, 'get_resoucre_extra_data') else self.get_resoucre_extra_data()
        resource.set_extra_data(extra_data)
        dataset = resource.get_dataset(import_file)
        result = resource.import_data(dataset, use_transactions=True, raise_errors=True)
        return Response()

重点是实现Resource, 先说export

export非常简单，因此先说export,先看demo(仅仅写export)

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from __future__ import absolute_import
from import_export import resources
from school.models import School
class SchoolResource(resources.ModelResource):
    def dehydrate_category(self, school):
        if school.category == School.MIDDLE_SCHOOL:
            return u'中学'
        elif school.category == School.COLLEGE:
            return u'高校'
        return ''
    def get_export_headers(self):
        return [u'分类', u'省份', u'城市', u'学校', u'地址', u'联系人',
                u'职务', u'联系电话', u'邮箱']
    class Meta:
        model = School
        fields =