Nginx+Mysql+PHP安装和配置,简单优化

最新推荐文章于 2024-09-29 22:04:51 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-09-29 22:04:51 发布

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文章标签：运维 php 数据库

原文链接：http://blog.51cto.com/ailian919/1048043

版权

一）软件下载

1、下载nginx

wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.2.0.tar.gz

2、下载pcre

wget ftp://ftp.csx.cam.ac.uk/pub/software/programming/pcre/pcre-8.30.tar.gz

3、下载MySQL

wget http://mysql.mirror.kangaroot.net/Downloads/MySQL-5.5/mysql-5.5.25.tar.gz

4、下载php

wget http://cn.php.net/distributions/php-5.3.13.tar.gz

5、下载cmake（MySQL编译工具）

wget http://www.cmake.org/files/v2.8/cmake-2.8.8.tar.gz

6、下载libmcrypt

wget ftp://mcrypt.hellug.gr/pub/crypto/mcrypt/libmcrypt/libmcrypt-2.5.7.tar.gz

安装编译工具及库文件（使用CentOS yum命令安装）
yum install make apr* autoconf automake curl-devel gcc gcc-c++ zlib-devel openssl openssl-devel pcre-devel gd kernel keyutils patch perl kernel-headers compat* mpfr cpp glibc libgomp libstdc++-devel ppl cloog-ppl keyutils-libs-devel libcom_err-devel libsepol-devel libselinux-devel krb5-devel zlib-devel libXpm* freetype libjpeg* libpng* php-common php-gd ncurses* libtool* libxml2 libxml2-devel patch
二）安装 cmake

[root@DR2 mnt]# tar zxvf cmake-2.8.8.tar.gz

[root@DR2 cmake-2.8.8]# ./configure

[root@DR2 cmake-2.8.8]# make

[root@DR2 cmake-2.8.8]# make install
三）安装 Mysql

[root@DR2 cmake-2.8.8]# groupadd mysql #添加mysql组

[root@DR2 cmake-2.8.8]# useradd -g mysql mysql -s /bin/false #创建用户mysql并加入到mysql组，不允许mysql用户直接登录系统
[root@DR2 cmake-2.8.8]# mkdir -p /data/mysql #创建MySQL数据库存放目录

[root@DR2 cmake-2.8.8]# chown -R mysql:mysql /data/mysql #设置MySQL数据库目录权限

[root@DR2 cmake-2.8.8]# mkdir -p /usr/local/mysql #创建MySQL安装目录

[root@DR2 mnt]# tar -zxvf mysql-5.5.25.tar.gz #解压

[root@DR2 mysql-5.5.25]# cmake . -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/data/mysql -DSYSCONFDIR=/etc

[root@DR2 mysql-5.5.25]# make

[root@DR2 mysql-5.5.25]# make install

[root@DR2 mysql-5.5.25]# cd /usr/local/mysql

[root@DR2 mysql]# cp ./support-files/my-huge.cnf /etc/my.cnf #拷贝配置文件（注意：如果/etc目录下面默认有一个my.cnf，直接覆盖即可）

[root@DR2 mysql]# vim /etc/my.cnf #编辑配置文件,在 [mysqld] 部分增加下面一行

datadir = /data/mysql #添加MySQL数据库路径

:wq! #保存退出

[root@DR2 mysql]# ./scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql #生成mysql系统数据库

[root@DR2 mysql]# cp -fr ./support-files/mysql.server /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld #把Mysql加入系统启动

[root@DR2 mysql]# chmod 755 /etc/init.d/mysqld #增加执行权限

[root@DR2 mysql]# chkconfig mysqld on #设置开机启动

[root@DR2 mysql]# vim /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld #编辑

basedir = /usr/local/mysql #MySQL程序安装路径

datadir = /data/mysql #MySQl数据库存放目录

[root@DR2 mysql]# service mysqld start #启动

[root@DR2 mysql]# vim /etc/profile #把mysql服务加入系统环境变量：在最后添加下面这一行

export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin

:wq! #保存退出

下面这两行把myslq的库文件链接到系统默认的位置，在编译类似PHP等软件时可以不用指定mysql的库文件地址。

[root@DR2 mysql]# ln -s /usr/local/mysql/lib/mysql /usr/lib/mysql/

[root@DR2 mysql]# ln -s /usr/local/mysql/include/mysql /usr/include/mysql

[root@DR2 mysql]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u root -p password "123456" #修改密码
Enter password: #不用再输入密码直接按回车键。

到此mysql安装完成

四）安装pcre

[root@DR2 mnt]# mkdir /usr/local/pcre #创建目录

[root@DR2 mnt]# tar zxvf pcre-8.30.tar.gz #解压

[root@DR2 pcre-8.30]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/pcre/

[root@DR2 pcre-8.30]# make

[root@DR2 pcre-8.30]# make install

五）安装nginx

[root@DR2 mnt]# groupadd www #添加www组

[root@DR2 mnt]# useradd -g www www -s /bin/false #创建nginx运行账户www并加入到www组，不允许www用户直接登录系统

[root@DR2 mnt]# tar zxvf nginx-1.2.0.tar.gz #解压

[root@DR2 nginx-1.2.0]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --without-http_memcached_module --user=www --group=www --with-http_stub_status_module --with-openssl=/usr/ --with-pcre=/mnt/pcre-8.30

注意：--with-openssl=/usr/ --with-pcre=/mnt/pcre-8.30指向的是源码包解压的路径，而不是安装的路径，否则会报错

[root@DR2 nginx-1.2.0]# make

[root@DR2 nginx-1.2.0]# make install

[root@DR2 nginx-1.2.0]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx #启动nginx

[root@DR2 nginx-1.2.0]# vim /etc/rc.d/init.d/nginx #设置nginx开启启动，编辑启动文件添加下面内容.

#################################################################
#!/bin/bash
# nginx Startup script for the Nginx HTTP Server
# it is v.0.0.2 version.
# chkconfig: - 85 15
# description: Nginx is a high-performance web and proxy server.
#              It has a lot of features, but it's not for everyone.
# processname: nginx
# pidfile: /var/run/nginx.pid
# config: /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
nginxd=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
nginx_config=/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
nginx_pid=/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid
RETVAL=0
prog="nginx"
# Source function library.
. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions
# Source networking configuration.
. /etc/sysconfig/network
# Check that networking is up.
[ ${NETWORKING} = "no" ] && exit 0
[ -x $nginxd ] || exit 0
# Start nginx daemons functions.
start() {
if [ -e $nginx_pid ];then
   echo "nginx already running...."
   exit 1
fi
   echo -n $"Starting $prog: "
   daemon $nginxd -c ${nginx_config}
   RETVAL=$?
   echo
   [ $RETVAL = 0 ] && touch /var/lock/subsys/nginx
   return $RETVAL
}
# Stop nginx daemons functions.
stop() {
        echo -n $"Stopping $prog: "
        killproc $nginxd
        RETVAL=$?
        echo
        [ $RETVAL = 0 ] && rm -f /var/lock/subsys/nginx /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid
}
reload() {
    echo -n $"Reloading $prog: "
    #kill -HUP `cat ${nginx_pid}`
    killproc $nginxd -HUP
    RETVAL=$?
    echo
}
# See how we were called.
case "$1" in
start)
        start
        ;;
stop)
        stop
        ;;
reload)
        reload
        ;;
restart)
        stop
        start
        ;;

status)
        status $prog
        RETVAL=$?
        ;;
*)
        echo $"Usage: $prog {start|stop|restart|reload|status|help}"
        exit 1
esac
exit $RETVAL
#################################################################
:wq! #保存退出

[root@DR2 nginx-1.2.0]# chmod 755 /etc/rc.d/init.d/nginx #赋予文件执行权限

[root@DR2 nginx-1.2.0]# chkconfig nginx on #设置开机启动

[root@DR2 nginx-1.2.0]# /etc/rc.d/init.d/nginx restart       #重启
       停止 nginx：                                               [确定]
       启动 nginx：                                               [确定]

六）安装libmcrypt

[root@DR2 mnt]# tar zxvf libmcrypt-2.5.7.tar.gz #解压

[root@DR2 libmcrypt-2.5.7]# ./configure

[root@DR2 libmcrypt-2.5.7]# make

[root@DR2 libmcrypt-2.5.7]# make install

七）安装PHP

[root@DR2 mnt]# tar zxvf php-5.3.13.tar.gz #解压

[root@DR2 php-5.3.13]# mkdir /usr/local/php5 #创建安装PHP目录

[root@DR2 php-5.3.13]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php5 --with-config-file-path=/usr/local/php5/etc --with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql --with-mysqli=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_config --with-mysql-sock=/tmp/mysql.sock --with-gd --with-iconv --with-zlib --enable-xml --enable-magic-quotes --enable-safe-mode --enable-bcmath --enable-shmop --enable-sysvsem --enable-inline-optimization --with-curlwrappers --enable-mbregex --enable-fpm --enable-mbstring --enable-ftp --enable-gd-native-ttf --with-openssl --enable-pcntl --enable-sockets --with-xmlrpc --enable-zip --enable-soap --without-pear --with-gettext --enable-session --with-mcrypt --with-curl

[root@DR2 php-5.3.13]# make

[root@DR2 php-5.3.13]# make install

[root@DR2 php-5.3.13]# cp php.ini-production /usr/local/php5/etc/php.ini #复制php配置文件到安装目录下

[root@DR2 php-5.3.13]# rm -fr /etc/php.ini #删除系统自带的php配置文件

[root@DR2 php-5.3.13]# ln -s /usr/local/php5/etc/php.ini /etc/php.ini #创建软连接

[root@DR2 php-5.3.13]# cp /usr/local/php5/etc/php-fpm.conf.default /usr/local/php5/etc/php-fpm.conf #拷贝模板文件为php-fpm配置文件

[root@DR2 php-5.3.13]# vim /usr/local/php5/etc/php-fpm.conf

user = www #设置php-fpm运行账号为www

group = www #设置php-fpm运行组为www

pid = run/php-fpm.pid #取消前面的分号

：wq 保存退出

[root@DR2 php-5.3.13]# cp /mnt/php-5.3.13/sapi/fpm/init.d.php-fpm /etc/rc.d/init.d/php-fpm #设置 php-fpm开机启动，拷贝php-fpm到启动目录

[root@DR2 php-5.3.13]# chmod +x /etc/rc.d/init.d/php-fpm #添加执行权限

[root@DR2 php-5.3.13]# chkconfig php-fpm on #设置开机启动

[root@DR2 php-5.3.13]# vim /usr/local/php5/etc/php.ini #编辑

找到：;date.timezone =
修改为：date.timezone = PRC #设置时区

找到：expose_php = On
修改为：expose_php = OFF #禁止显示php版本的信息

:wq 保存退出
八）配置nginx支持php

[root@DR2 ~]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf #编辑

user www www; #首行user去掉注释,修改Nginx运行组为www www；必须与/usr/local/php5/etc/php-fpm.conf中的user,group配置相同，否则php运行出错
worker_processes 2 ;

#error_log logs/error.log;
error_log logs/error.log notice;
#error_log logs/error.log info;

pid logs/nginx.pid;

      events {
      worker_connections 3000;
      }

      http {
     include       mime.types;
      default_type application/octet-stream;

log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
                      '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
                      '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
    client_max_body_size 20m;
    client_header_buffer_size 32k;
    large_client_header_buffers 4 32k;

#access_log logs/access.log main;

sendfile on;
tcp_nopush on;

#keepalive_timeout 0;
        keepalive_timeout 60;
        client_header_timeout 10;
        client_body_timeout   10;
        send_timeout          10;

tcp_nodelay on;

fastcgi_connect_timeout 300;
        fastcgi_send_timeout 300;
      fastcgi_read_timeout 300;
        fastcgi_buffer_size 64k;
        fastcgi_buffers 4 64k;
        fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 128k;
        fastcgi_temp_file_write_size 128k;

#gzip on;

    server {
        listen       80;
        server_name localhost;

#charset koi8-r;

#access_log logs/host.access.log main;

        location / {
            root   html;
            index index.php index.html index.htm; #添加index.php
        }

        location ~ .*\.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|swf)$
        {
          expires      30d;
        }

         location ~ .*\.(js|css)?$
        {
           expires      1h;
        }

#error_page 404 /404.html;

        # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
        #
        error_page   500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
        location = /50x.html {
            root   html;
        }

        # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
        #
        location ~ \.php$ {
            root           html;
            fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
            fastcgi_index index.php;
            fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
            include        fastcgi_params;
        }
#取消FastCGI server部分location的注释,并要注意fastcgi_param行的参数,改为$document_root$fastcgi_script_name,或者使用绝对路径

[root@DR2 ~]# /etc/rc.d/init.d/nginx restart #重启nginx

九）优化linux内核参数

[root@DR2 ~]#vim /etc/sysctl.conf

在末尾增加以下内容：

net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 65536
net.core.netdev_max_backlog = 32768
net.core.somaxconn = 32768

net.core.wmem_default = 8388608
net.core.rmem_default = 8388608
net.core.rmem_max = 16777216
net.core.wmem_max = 16777216

net.ipv4.tcp_timestamps = 0
net.ipv4.tcp_synack_retries = 2
net.ipv4.tcp_syn_retries = 2

net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1
#net.ipv4.tcp_tw_len = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1

net.ipv4.tcp_mem = 94500000 915000000 927000000
net.ipv4.tcp_max_orphans = 3276800

#net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 30
#net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 120
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65535

使配置立即生效：
[root@DR2 ~]#/sbin/sysctl -p

十）测试

[root@DR2 ~]# vim /usr/local/nginx/html/index.php #建立php测试页

添加以下内容

<?php

phpinfo();

：wq 保存退出，.重新启动机器，开机后访问：http://ip地址/index.php

出现以下图表示nginx+php+mysql安装成功

十一）编写每天定时切割Nginx日志的脚本

[root@DR2 ~]# vim /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx.sh

#!/bin/bash
# The Nginx logs path
savepath_log="/home/nginx/logs" #这里指定分割后的日志存放的路径

logs_path="/usr/local/nginx/logs/"
mkdir -p ${logs_path}$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y")/$(date -d "yesterday" +"%m")/
mv ${logs_path}access.log ${logs_path}$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y")/$(date -d "yesterday" +"%m")/access_$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y%m%d").log
kill -USR1 `cat /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid `

设置crontab，每天凌晨00:00切割nginx访问日志
[root@DR2 ~]# crontab -e
输入以下内容：

00 00 * * * /bin/bash /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx.sh

转载于:https://blog.51cto.com/ailian919/1048043