一、安装pcre
1、主页地址：http://www.pcre.org/
下载pcre-7.8.tar.bz2
2、解压缩：
tar xjpf pcre-7.8.tar.bz2
3、配置：
cd pcre-7.8 ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/pcre --libdir=/usr/local/lib/pcre --includedir=/usr/local/include/pcre
configure有许多参数可配，具体参见./configure --help及手册
4、编译：
make
5、安装：
make install
6、检查：
ls /usr/local ls /usr/local/lib ls /usr/local/include
检查是否有pcre目录
二、安装nginx
./configure make make install
默认安装的路径是/usr/local/nginx
-------------------------------------------------
更多的安装配置
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --with-openssl=/usr/include (启用ssl，源码目录！) --with-pcre=/usr/include/pcre/ (启用正规表达式, 源文件目录！) --with-http_stub_status_module (安装可以查看nginx状态的程序) --with-http_memcached_module (启用memcache缓存) --with-http_rewrite_module (启用支持url重写)
OR
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx \ --with-openssl=/home/sunjl/openssl-0.9.8e \ --with-pcre=/home/sunjl/pcre-8.32 \ --with-http_ssl_module \ --with-http_stub_status_module
--------------------------------------------------
三、启动及重启
启动：/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
停止：kill -QUIT `cat /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid`
重启：kill -HUP `cat /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid`
测试配置文件：/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
重载：/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
测试HTTP头：
curl https://10.47.0.51/pms -v
----------------------------------
四、设置反向代理配置
1、创建配置文件
#vi /usr/local/nginx/conf/proxy.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name www.example.com;
location / {
proxy_pass http://192.168.1.200:8080;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header Host $host;
}
}
2、加载反向代理配置
在http{}块中的第1个server{}块
include /usr/local/nginx/conf/proxy.conf;
加载反向代理配置
这里先在server{}块中
# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
3、生成SSL证书
---------------------------SSL
[root@localhost ssl]# openssl genrsa -out privkey.pem 2048
Generating RSA private key, 2048 bit long modulus
............................................................+++
..........+++
e is 65537 (0x10001)
[root@localhost ssl]# ls
privkey.pem
[root@localhost ssl]# openssl req -new -x509 -key privkey.pem -out cacert.pem -days 3650
You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated
into your certificate request.
What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN.
There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank
For some fields there will be a default value,
If you enter '.', the field will be left blank.
-----
Country Name (2 letter code) [GB]:CN
State or Province Name (full name) [Berkshire]:Hunan
Locality Name (eg, city) [Newbury]:Changsha
Organization Name (eg, company) [My Company Ltd]:ZJ
Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:Information Department
Common Name (eg, your name or your server's hostname) []:Z
Email Address []:test@test.com
4、开机自启动nginx
这里使用的是编写shell脚本的方式来处理
vi /etc/init.d/nginx (输入下面的代码)
#!/bin/bash
# nginx Startup script for the Nginx HTTP Server
# it is v.0.0.2 version.
# chkconfig: - 85 15
# description: Nginx is a high-performance web and proxy server.
# It has a lot of features, but it's not for everyone.
# processname: nginx
# pidfile: /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid
# config: /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
nginxd=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
nginx_config=/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
nginx_pid=/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid
RETVAL=0
prog="nginx"
# Source function library.
. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions
# Source networking configuration.
. /etc/sysconfig/network
# Check that networking is up.
[ ${NETWORKING} = "no" ] && exit 0
[ -x $nginxd ] || exit 0
# Start nginx daemons functions.
start() {
if [ -e $nginx_pid ];then
echo "nginx already running...."
exit 1
fi
echo -n $"Starting $prog: "
daemon $nginxd -c ${nginx_config}
RETVAL=$?
echo
[ $RETVAL = 0 ] && touch /var/lock/subsys/nginx
return $RETVAL
}
# Stop nginx daemons functions.
stop() {
echo -n $"Stopping $prog: "
killproc $nginxd
RETVAL=$?
echo
[ $RETVAL = 0 ] && rm -f /var/lock/subsys/nginx /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid
}
# reload nginx service functions.
reload() {
echo -n $"Reloading $prog: "
#kill -HUP `cat ${nginx_pid}`
killproc $nginxd -HUP
RETVAL=$?
echo
}
# See how we were called.
case "$1" in
start)
start
;;
stop)
stop
;;
reload)
reload
;;
restart)
stop
start
;;
status)
status $prog
RETVAL=$?
;;
*)
echo $"Usage: $prog {start|stop|restart|reload|status|help}"
exit 1
esac
exit $RETVAL
:wq 保存并退出
设置文件的访问权限
chmod a+x /etc/init.d/nginx (a+x ==> all user can execute 所有用户可执行)
#chmod +x /etc/init.d/nginx
#/sbin/chkconfig nginx on
检查一下
#sudo /sbin/chkconfig --list nginx
nginx 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off
5、带SSL的配置文件
server {
listen 8100;
server_name 100.40.90.181;
ssl on;
ssl_certificate /usr/local/nginx/conf/ssl/cacert.pem;
ssl_certificate_key /usr/local/nginx/conf/ssl/privkey.pem;
ssl_session_timeout 5m;
ssl_protocols SSLv2 SSLv3 TLSv1;
ssl_ciphers HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
location / {
root html;
index index.html index.htm;
}
#Force http to https
error_page 497 https://$host:$server_port$request_uri;
# re-write redirects to http as to https, example: /home
proxy_redirect http:// https://;
#platform
location /platform {
proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8080;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto https;
proxy_set_header Host $host:8100;
}
#WS
location /WS {
proxy_pass http://100.40.90.40:18082;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto https;
proxy_set_header Host $host:8100;
}
#bugfree
location /bugfree {
proxy_pass http://100.17.20.148:10080;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header Host $host:8100;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto https;
}
}
(三)记录真实的ip地址
代理补充
如果要后端记录来源地址的真实IP而不是前端代理的IP.如果后端使用nginx做web可以在nginx配置中
http {
set_real_ip_from 192.168.1.200;
real_ip_header X-Real-IP;
}
对应代理的配置
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header Host $host;
---------------------------------------------------------
以下未验证
---------------------------------------------------------
五、负载均衡配置
负载均衡就是多个站点做一组反向代理
1、 http {}块中配置
# vim /usr/local/etc/nginx/nginx.conf
http {
…
upstream cluster_server_com {
server 172.17.2.192:80 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=30s;
server 172.17.2.190:80 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=30s;
}
….
}
2、 server{}块使用前面配置的cluster_server_com，虚拟站点中
# vim /usr/local/etc/nginx/vhosts/www.example.com.conf
server {
…
location / {
proxy_pass http://cluster_server_com;
proxy_redirect off;
proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
client_max_body_size 10m;
client_body_buffer_size 128k;
proxy_connect_timeout 90;
proxy_send_timeout 90;
proxy_read_timeout 90;
proxy_buffer_size 4k;
proxy_buffers 4 32k;
proxy_busy_buffers_size 64k;
proxy_temp_file_write_size 64k;
}
...
}
3、 访问测试
可以看到是以此轮询到后端两台服务器
4、nginx的upstream目前支持4种方式的分配
1)、轮询（默认）
每个请求按时间顺序逐一分配到不同的后端服务器，如果后端服务器down掉，能自动剔除。
2)、weight
指定轮询几率，weight和访问比率成正比，用于后端服务器性能不均的情况。
2)、ip_hash
每个请求按访问ip的hash结果分配，这样每个访客固定访问一个后端服务器，可以解决session的问题。
3)、fair（第三方）
按后端服务器的响应时间来分配请求，响应时间短的优先分配。
4)、url_hash（第三方
upstream cluster_server_com {#定义负载均衡设备的Ip及设备状态
server 127.0.0.1:9090 down;
server 127.0.0.1:8080 weight=2;
server 127.0.0.1:6060;
server 127.0.0.1:7070 backup;
}
每个设备的状态设置为:
a)
down 表示单前的server暂时不参与负载
b)
weight 默认为1.weight越大，负载的权重就越大。
c)
max_fails ：允许请求失败的次数默认为1.当超过最大次数时，返回proxy_next_upstream 模块定义的错误
d)
fail_timeout:max_fails次失败后，暂停的时间。
e)
backup： 其它所有的非backup机器down或者忙的时候，请求backup机器。所以这台机器压力会最轻。
转载于:https://blog.51cto.com/sashimiscreed/1216700
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