一个简单的struts的例子

index.jsp

 

代码

<% @ page language = " java " import = " java.util.* " pageEncoding = " GB18030 " %>
<%
String path = request.getContextPath();
String basePath = request.getScheme() + " :// " + request.getServerName() + " : " + request.getServerPort() + path + " / " ;
%>

<! DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" >
< html >
< head >
< base href ="<%=basePath%>" >

< title > 测试ActionForm </ title >
< meta http-equiv ="pragma" content ="no-cache" >
< meta http-equiv ="cache-control" content ="no-cache" >
< meta http-equiv ="expires" content ="0" >
< meta http-equiv ="keywords" content ="keyword1,keyword2,keyword3" >
< meta http-equiv ="description" content ="This is my page" >
<!--
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="styles.css">
-->
</ head >

< body >
< h1 > 测试ActionForm </ h1 >
< hr >
< li > 测试动态ActionForm </ li >< br >
< form action ="dyanactionform.do" method ="post" >
姓名： < input type ="text" name ="username" >< br >
年龄： < input type ="text" name ="age" >< br >
< input type ="submit" value ="提交" >
</ form >
< p >
< li > 测试struts上传文件 </ li >< br >
< form action ="upload.do" method ="post" enctype ="multipart/form-data" >
标题： < input type ="text" name ="title" >< br >
文件： < input type ="file" name ="myfile" >< br >
< input type ="submit" value ="提交" >
</ form >
< p >
< li > 空字段测试 </ li >< br >
< form action ="blankfield.do" method ="post" >
姓名： < input type ="text" name ="username" >< br >
< input type ="submit" value ="提交" >
</ form >
< p >
< li > 测试ActionForm类型转换器 </ li >< br >
< form action ="typeconvert.do" method ="post" >
intValue: < input type ="text" name ="intValue" >< br >
doubleValue: < input type ="text" name ="doubleValue" >< br >
booleanValue: < input type ="text" name ="booleanValue" >< br >
java.sql.Date: < input type ="text" name ="sqlDate" >< br >
java.util.Date: < input type ="text" name ="utilDate" >< br >
< input type ="submit" value ="提交" >
</ form >
</ body >
</ html >

 

配置文件

struts-config.xml

 

代码

<? xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1" ?>

<! DOCTYPE struts-config PUBLIC
"-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 1.2//EN"
"http://jakarta.apache.org/struts/dtds/struts-config_1_2.dtd" >

< struts-config >
< form-beans >
< form-bean name ="dynaForm" type ="org.apache.struts.action.DynaActionForm" >
< form-property name ="username" type ="java.lang.String" />
< form-property name ="age" type ="java.lang.Integer" />
</ form-bean >

< form-bean name ="uploadForm" type ="com.bjsxt.struts.UploadActionForm" />

< form-bean name ="blankFieldForm" type ="com.bjsxt.struts.BlankFieldActionForm" />

< form-bean name ="typeconvertForm" type ="com.bjsxt.struts.TypeConvertActionForm" />
</ form-beans >

< action-mappings >
< action path ="/dyanactionform"
type ="com.bjsxt.struts.DynaActionFormTestAction"
name ="dynaForm"
scope ="request"
>
< forward name ="success" path ="/dyna_actionform.jsp" />
</ action >

< action path ="/upload"
type ="com.bjsxt.struts.UploadTestAction"
name ="uploadForm"
scope ="request"
>
< forward name ="success" path ="/upload_success.jsp" />
</ action >

< action path ="/blankfield"
type ="com.bjsxt.struts.BlankFieldTestAction"
name ="blankFieldForm"
scope ="request"
>
< forward name ="success" path ="/blankfield_success.jsp" />
</ action >

< action path ="/typeconvert"
type ="com.bjsxt.struts.TypeConvertTestAction"
name ="typeconvertForm"
scope ="request"
>
< forward name ="success" path ="/typeconvert_success.jsp" />
</ action >
</ action-mappings >

< controller maxFileSize ="10M" />

< plug-in className ="com.bjsxt.struts.UtilDateConverterInitWithPlugin" />
</ struts-config >

 

 

 

1、AtionForm

 

代码

package com.bjsxt.struts;

import org.apache.struts.action.ActionForm;

/**
* 测试空字段
* @author Administrator
*
*/
public class BlankFieldActionForm extends ActionForm {

private String username;

private String password;

public String getUsername() {
return username;
}

public void setUsername(String username) {
this .username = username;
}

public String getPassword() {
return password;
}

public void setPassword(String password) {
this .password = password;
}
}

 

代码

package com.bjsxt.struts;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import org.apache.struts.action.Action;
import org.apache.struts.action.ActionForm;
import org.apache.struts.action.ActionForward;
import org.apache.struts.action.ActionMapping;

/**
* 测试空字段
* @author Administrator
*
*/
public class BlankFieldTestAction extends Action {

@Override
public ActionForward execute(ActionMapping mapping, ActionForm form,
HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws Exception {
return mapping.findForward( " success " );
}

}

 

代码

<% @ page language = " java " contentType = " text/html; charset=GB18030 "
pageEncoding = " GB18030 " %>
<% @ page import = " com.bjsxt.struts.* " %>
<! DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd" >
< html >
< head >
< meta http-equiv ="Content-Type" content ="text/html; charset=GB18030" >
< title > Insert title here </ title >
</ head >
< body >
<%
BlankFieldActionForm form = (BlankFieldActionForm)request.getAttribute( " blankFieldForm " );
%>
< li > jsp脚本 </ li >< br >
姓名： <% = form.getUsername() %> < br >
密码: <% = form.getPassword() %> < br >
< p >
< li > el表达式 </ li >< br >
姓名：${blankFieldForm.username } < br >
密码:${blankFieldForm.password } < br >
</ body >
</ html >

 

 

 

 

业务逻辑类

DynaActionFormTestAction.java

 

代码

package com.bjsxt.struts;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import org.apache.struts.action.Action;
import org.apache.struts.action.ActionForm;
import org.apache.struts.action.ActionForward;
import org.apache.struts.action.ActionMapping;
import org.apache.struts.action.DynaActionForm;

/**
* 测试动态ActionForm
* @author Administrator
*
*/
public class DynaActionFormTestAction extends Action {

@Override
public ActionForward execute(ActionMapping mapping, ActionForm form,
HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws Exception {
DynaActionForm daf = (DynaActionForm)form;
String username = (String)daf.get( " username " );
Integer age = (Integer)daf.get( " age " );
System.out.println( " username= " + username);
System.out.println( " age= " + age);
return mapping.findForward( " success " );
}

}

成功的返回页面

dyna_actionform.jsp

 

代码

<% @ page language = " java " contentType = " text/html; charset=GB18030 "
pageEncoding = " GB18030 " %>
<! DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd" >
< html >
< head >
< meta http-equiv ="Content-Type" content ="text/html; charset=GB18030" >
< title > Insert title here </ title >
</ head >
< body >
用户名称：${dynaForm.map.username } < br >
年龄：${dynaForm.map.age } < br >
</ body >
</ html >

 

 

 

 2、struts上传文件

 

代码

package com.bjsxt.struts;

import org.apache.struts.action.ActionForm;
import org.apache.struts.upload.FormFile;

/**
* 上传ActionForm
* @author Administrator
*
*/
public class UploadActionForm extends ActionForm {

private String title;

// 必须采用FormFile
private FormFile myfile;

public String getTitle() {
return title;
}

public void setTitle(String title) {
this .title = title;
}

public FormFile getMyfile() {
return myfile;
}

public void setMyfile(FormFile myfile) {
this .myfile = myfile;
}
}

 

代码

package com.bjsxt.struts;

import java.io.FileOutputStream;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import org.apache.struts.action.Action;
import org.apache.struts.action.ActionForm;
import org.apache.struts.action.ActionForward;
import org.apache.struts.action.ActionMapping;
import org.apache.struts.upload.FormFile;

/**
* 上传Action
* @author Administrator
*
*/
public class UploadTestAction extends Action {

@Override
public ActionForward execute(ActionMapping mapping, ActionForm form,
HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws Exception {
UploadActionForm uaf = (UploadActionForm)form;
System.out.println( " title " + uaf.getTitle());
FormFile myFile = uaf.getMyfile();
if (myFile != null ) {
System.out.println( " fileName= " + myFile.getFileName());

FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream( " c:\\ " + myFile.getFileName());
fos.write(myFile.getFileData());
fos.flush();
fos.close();
}
return mapping.findForward( " success " );
}

}

成功返回页面

upload_success.jsp

 

代码

<% @ page language = " java " contentType = " text/html; charset=GB18030 "
pageEncoding = " GB18030 " %>
<! DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd" >
< html >
< head >
< meta http-equiv ="Content-Type" content ="text/html; charset=GB18030" >
< title > Insert title here </ title >
</ head >
< body >
标题：${uploadForm.title} < br >
文件名：${uploadForm.myfile.fileName } < br >
</ body >
</ html >

 

 

3、类型转换

 

代码

package com.bjsxt.struts;

import java.text.ParseException;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;

import org.apache.commons.beanutils.Converter;

/**
* java.util.Date类型转换器
* @author Administrator
*
*/
public class UtilDateConverter implements Converter {

public Object convert(Class type, Object value) {
System.out.println( " UtilDateConverter.value= " + value);
if (value == null ) {
return value;
}
if (value instanceof Date) {
return value;
}
Date d = null ;
if (value instanceof String) {
SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat( " yyyy-MM-dd " );
try {
d = sdf.parse((String)value);
} catch (ParseException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
return d;
}

}

 

代码

package com.bjsxt.struts;

import java.util.Date;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;

import org.apache.commons.beanutils.ConvertUtils;
import org.apache.struts.action.ActionServlet;
import org.apache.struts.action.PlugIn;
import org.apache.struts.config.ModuleConfig;

public class UtilDateConverterInitWithPlugin implements PlugIn {

public void destroy() {
}

public void init(ActionServlet servlet, ModuleConfig config)
throws ServletException {
System.out.println( " UtilDateConverterInitWithPlugin.init() " );
ConvertUtils.register( new UtilDateConverter(), Date. class );
}
}

 

代码

package com.bjsxt.struts;

import java.util.Date;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;

import org.apache.commons.beanutils.ConvertUtils;

/**
* 注册java.util.date转换器
* @author Administrator
*
*/
public class UtilDateConverterInitWithServlet extends HttpServlet {

@Override
public void init() throws ServletException {
System.out.println( " UtilDateConverterInitWithServlet.init() " );
ConvertUtils.register( new UtilDateConverter(), Date. class );
}

}

成功返回页面

typeconvert_success.jsp

 

代码

<% @ page language = " java " contentType = " text/html; charset=GB18030 "
pageEncoding = " GB18030 " %>
<! DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd" >
< html >
< head >
< meta http-equiv ="Content-Type" content ="text/html; charset=GB18030" >
< title > Insert title here </ title >
</ head >
< body >
intValue:${typeconvertForm.intValue } < br >
doubleValue:${typeconvertForm.doubleValue } < br >
booleanValue:${typeconvertForm.booleanValue } < br >
java.sql.dateValue:${typeconvertForm.sqlDate } < br >
java.util.utilValue:${typeconvertForm.utilDate } < br >
</ body >
</ html >

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 讲解

1、动态ActionForm
 动态ActionForm是为了避免标准ActionForm膨胀而设计的，使用动态ActionForm可以获得标准
 ActionForm的所有功能
 * 在struts-config.xml文件中定义动态ActionForm,如：
 <form-beans>
  <form-bean name="dynaForm" type="org.apache.struts.action.DynaActionForm">
   <form-property name="username" type="java.lang.String" />
   <form-property name="age" type="java.lang.Integer"/>
  </form-bean>
 </form-beans>
 *在Action中使用动态ActionForm，参见DynaActionFormTestAction.java
  DynaActionForm daf = (DynaActionForm)form;
  String username = (String)daf.get("username");
  Integer age = (Integer)daf.get("age");
  
 动态ActionForm其实是把页面中的html元素的名字和值放到了map中，所以通过get方法可以取出相应的值
 动态ActionForm采用EL表达式的输出方式，${dynabean.map.prop}, 参见：dyna_actionform.jsp
 动态Action的验证，通常使用动态验证框架validator

2、采用struts上传文件
 * 页面的配置，如：
  <form action="upload.do" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data">
    标题：<input type="text" name="title"><br>
    文件：<input type="file" name="myfile"><br>
    <input type="submit" value="提交">
   </form>
  * ActionForm中使用FormFile来接收上传的文件，参见：UploadActionForm.java
  * 在Action中调用FormFile取得上传文件数据，采用流输出，即完成上传，参见：UploadTestAction.java
  * 采用<controller/>标签配置上传参数，如：<controller maxFileSize="10M"/>
  
3、空字段测试
 * 在表单中没有input输入域，jsp脚本接收到的值为null，el表达式接收到的值为空串
 * 如果表单中的值，没有输入，那么jsp脚本和el表达式接收到的值都为空串
 
4、测试ActionForm类型的自动转换
 * boolean:yes,1,on,true都会转换成True类型，而且忽略大小写，其他情况转换成false
 * Date类型的转换：
  * 如果是java.sql.Date，页面日期的格式必须为yyyy-mm-dd，才可以转换
  * 如果是java.util.Date,默认情况下struts无法转换

 * 自定义转换器的实现步骤
  * 实现converter接口，实现convert方法
  * 将实现的conerter注册，通常情况采用servlet注册
  * 采用servlet注册需要注意标签的配置,<load-on-startup>10</load-on-startup>(也可以采用struts plugin注册)
  
Struts对ActionForm的自动搜集过程：
  * 将页面数据放到map中，其中map中的key为页面中的名称，map中的value为页面中的value值
  * 调用BeanUtils.setProperties方法，将map中的值逐个设置到ActionForm实例上，对于ActionForm中的每个属性
    根据类型调用相应的Converter，然后调用相应的convert方法，将相应的字符串转换成ActionForm中指定的类型
   
可以通过BeanUtils.copyProperties(目标对象，源对象)方法进行对象值的复制。