区域填充函数有 fill(*args, **kwargs) 和fill_between()
1 绘制填充多边形fill()
1.1 语法结构
fill(*args, **kwargs)
args - sequence of x, y, [color]
ax.fill(x, y) # a polygon with default color
ax.fill(x, y, "b") # a blue polygon
ax.fill(x, y, x2, y2) # two polygons
ax.fill(x, y, "b", x2, y2, "r") # a blue and a red polygon
kwargs - 对象matplotlib.patches.Polygon的特性(class:`~matplotlib.patches.Polygon` properties)
1.2 示例
基本图形
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
x = np.linspace(0, 5 * np.pi, 1000)
y1 = np.sin(x)
y2 = np.sin(2 * x)
plt.plot(x, y1, label="$ y = sin(x) $")
plt.plot(x, y2, label="$ y = sin(2 * x) $")
plt.legend(loc=3)
plt.show()
绘制填充图
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
x = np.linspace(0, 5 * np.pi, 1000)
y1 = np.sin(x)
y2 = np.sin(2 * x)
plt.fill(x, y1, color="g", alpha=0.3)
plt.fill(x, y2, color="b", alpha=0.3)
plt.show()
2 函数间区域填充fill_between
2.1 基本语法
两函数间的Y轴方向的填充
plt.fill_between(
x, y1, y2=0, where=None,
interpolate=False, step=None,
hold=None, data=None,
**kwargs
)
x - array( length N) 定义曲线的 x 坐标
y1 - array( length N ) or scalar 定义第一条曲线的 y 坐标
y2 - array( length N ) or scalar 定义第二条曲线的 y 坐标
where - array of bool (length N), optional, default: None
排除一些(垂直)区域被填充。
注:我理解的垂直区域,但帮助文档上写的是horizontal regions
也可简单地描述为
plt.fill_between(x,y1,y2,where=条件表达式, color=颜色,alpha=透明度)
" where = " 可以省略,直接写条件表达式
2.2 具体示例
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
x = np.linspace(0, 5 * np.pi, 1000)
y1 = np.sin(x)
y2 = np.sin(2 * x)
plt.plot(x, y1, c="g")
plt.plot(x, y2, c='r')
# 将两函数间区域填充成浅灰色
plt.fill_between(x, y1, y2, facecolor="lightgray")
plt.show()
通过调换 y1 和 y2 的顺序,图形的 “ 形貌 ” 不发生变化。
将函数复杂化
import numpy as np import matplotlib.pyplot as plt x = np.linspace(0, 5 * np.pi, 1000) y1 = np.sin(x) y2 = np.sin(2 * x) plt.plot(x, y1, c="y") plt.plot(x, y2, c='r') # 将两函数间区域填充成浅灰色 plt.fill_between(x, y1, y2, facecolor="lightgray") plt.show()
我们看到,其实只要介于两函数值之间的区域均被 lightgray 颜色填充了。
进一步通过 where = 条件表达式 (这里的 where = 省略了 )该表图形 “ 形貌 ” 。
import numpy as np import matplotlib.pyplot as plt n = 1000 x = np.linspace(0, 8 * np.pi, n) sin_y = np.sin(x) cos_y = np.cos(x / 2) / 2 plt.figure('Fill', facecolor='lightgray') plt.title('Fill', fontsize=20) plt.xlabel('x', fontsize=14) plt.ylabel('y', fontsize=14) plt.tick_params(labelsize=10) plt.grid(linestyle=':') # 把正弦余弦两条曲线画出 plt.plot(x, sin_y, c='dodgerblue', label=r'$y=sin(x)$') plt.plot(x, cos_y, c='orangered', label=r'$\frac{1}{2}cos(\frac{x}{2})$') # 填充 plt.fill_between(x, cos_y, sin_y, cos_y < sin_y, color='dodgerblue', alpha=0.5) plt.fill_between(x, cos_y, sin_y, cos_y > sin_y, color='orangered', alpha=0.5) plt.legend(loc = 3) plt.show()
部分代码来源于:颜色填充(fill & fill_between)