上一次学习mongodb到find的一些查询方法，今天继续往下学习，如果现在的知识点比较突兀，可以看我上一条更新~~~~
第七节 查询：find的数组查询
先完善一波数据
以前的我们的workmate集合对数组涉及还很少，现在在数据中加入了兴趣（interest），并且给每个人加入了一些兴趣，比如有写代码，做饭，看电影…..
当然这些数据你可以自己随意构建，但是如果你不想自己费事费脑，这里也为你准备好了数据，你只要把以前的表删除（drop）掉，重新载入(load)就可以了。
1、数组的基本查询
// 查询多种兴趣的人
db.workmate.find({interest:['画画','聚会','看电影']},
{name:1,interest:1,age:1,_id:0}
)
{ "name" : "LiuYan", "age" : 35, "interest" : [ "画画", "聚会", "看电影" ] }
复制代码// 查询兴趣中有看电影的人，切记：此处不能用中括号，否则一个都查不出来
db.workmate.find({interest:'看电影'},
{name:1,interest:1,age:1,_id:0}
)
{ "name" : "xiaoying", "age" : 33, "interest" : [ "看电影", "看书", "吃美食", "钓鱼", "旅游" ] }
{ "name" : "ShengLei", "age" : 31, "interest" : [ "篮球", "看电影", "做饭" ] }
{ "name" : "MinJie", "age" : 18, "interest" : [ "做饭", "画画", "看电影" ] }
{ "name" : "LiuYan", "age" : 35, "interest" : [ "画画", "聚会", "看电影" ] }
{ "name" : "DingLu", "age" : 20, "interest" : [ "美食", "看电影", "做饭" ] }
复制代码2、$all数组多项查询
// 查询出喜欢看电影和看书的人员信息（必须全部满足）
db.workmate.find(
{interest:{$all:['看电影', '看书']}},
{name: 1, interest:1, age: 1,_id:0}
)
{ "name" : "xiaoying", "age" : 33, "interest" : [ "看电影", "看书", "吃美食", "钓鱼", "旅游" ] }
复制代码3、$in-数组的或者查询
// 满足其一即可
db.workmate.find(
{interest:{$in:["看电影","看书"]}},
{name:1,interest:1,age:1,_id:0}
)
{ "name" : "xiaoying", "age" : 33, "interest" : [ "看电影", "看书", "吃美食", "钓鱼", "旅游" ] }
{ "name" : "ShengLei", "age" : 31, "interest" : [ "篮球", "看电影", "做饭" ] }
{ "name" : "MinJie", "age" : 18, "interest" : [ "做饭", "画画", "看电影" ] }
{ "name" : "LiuYan", "age" : 35, "interest" : [ "画画", "聚会", "看电影" ] }
{ "name" : "DingLu", "age" : 20, "interest" : [ "美食", "看电影", "做饭" ] }
复制代码4、$size-数组个数查询
//查找兴趣的数量是5个人员信息
db.workmate.find(
{interest:{$size:5}},
{name:1,interest:1,age:1,_id:0}
)
{ "name" : "xiaoying", "age" : 33, "interest" : [ "看电影", "看书", "吃美食", "钓鱼", "旅游" ] }
复制代码5、$slice-显示选项
// 显示兴趣的前两项
db.workmate.find(
{},
{name:1,interest:{$slice:2},age:1,_id:0}
)
{ "name" : "xiaoying", "age" : 33, "interest" : [ "看电影", "看书" ] }
{ "name" : "ShengLei", "age" : 31, "interest" : [ "篮球", "看电影" ] }
{ "name" : "MinJie", "age" : 18, "interest" : [ "做饭", "画画" ] }
{ "name" : "XiaoWang", "age" : 25, "interest" : [ "写代码", "篮球" ] }
{ "name" : "LiangPeng", "age" : 28, "interest" : [ "玩游戏", "写代码" ] }
{ "name" : "HouFei", "age" : 25, "interest" : [ "化妆", "读书" ] }
{ "name" : "LiuYan", "age" : 35, "interest" : [ "画画", "聚会" ] }
{ "name" : "DingLu", "age" : 20, "interest" : [ "美食", "看电影" ] }
{ "name" : "JiaPeng", "age" : 29, "interest" : [ "写代码", "篮球" ] }
{ "name" : "LiJia", "age" : 26, "interest" : [ "玩游戏", "美食" ] }
复制代码// 显示兴趣的最后一项
db.workmate.find(
{},
{name:1,interest:{$slice:-1},age:1,_id:0}
）
{ "name" : "xiaoying", "age" : 33, "interest" : [ "旅游" ] }
{ "name" : "ShengLei", "age" : 31, "interest" : [ "做饭" ] }
{ "name" : "MinJie", "age" : 18, "interest" : [ "看电影" ] }
{ "name" : "XiaoWang", "age" : 25, "interest" : [ "画画" ] }
{ "name" : "LiangPeng", "age" : 28, "interest" : [ "做饭" ] }
{ "name" : "HouFei", "age" : 25, "interest" : [ "做饭" ] }
{ "name" : "LiuYan", "age" : 35, "interest" : [ "看电影" ] }
{ "name" : "DingLu", "age" : 20, "interest" : [ "做饭" ] }
{ "name" : "JiaPeng", "age" : 29, "interest" : [ "游泳" ] }
{ "name" : "LiJia", "age" : 26, "interest" : [ "篮球" ] }
复制代码第七节 查询：find的参数使用方法
前面的find方法都是操作的第一个参数（query）和第二个参数（fields）,find还有其他的参数，这些参数多用在分页和排序上。
find参数：
- query：这个就是查询条件，MongoDB默认的第一个参数。
- fields：（返回内容）查询出来后显示的结果样式，可以用true和false控制是否显示。
- limit：返回的数量，后边跟数字，控制每次查询返回的结果数量。
- skip:跳过多少个显示，和limit结合可以实现分页。
- sort：排序方式，从小到大排序使用1，从大到小排序使用-1。
// 分页 每页2条 年龄从小到大
db.workmate.find({},{name:true,age:true,_id:false}).limit(2).skip(0).sort({age:1});
{ "name" : "MinJie", "age" : 18 }
{ "name" : "DingLu", "age" : 20 }
// 要看第二页，skip值为2即可，当然现实工作中是程序
db.workmate.find( {}, {name:true,age:true,_id:false}).limit(2).skip(2).sort({age:1});
{ "name" : "XiaoWang", "age" : 25 }
{ "name" : "HouFei", "age" : 25 }
复制代码// $where修饰符(慎用，会增加数据库压力和安全性会变重，工作中尽量少用)
db.workmate.find(
{$where:"this.age>30"},
{name:true, age: true, _id:false}
)
{ "name" : "xiaoying", "age" : 33 }
{ "name" : "ShengLei", "age" : 31 }
{ "name" : "LiuYan", "age" : 35 }
复制代码第八节 查询：find如何在js文本中使用
之前我们都是把代码粘贴到控制台执行，很麻烦，现在看下如何在js文件中执行吧~
// 游标hasNext
var db = connect('company')
var result = db.workmate.find()
// while(result.hasNext()){
// printjson(result.next())
// }
// 或 比hasNext()更为优雅
result.forEach(element => {
printjson(element)
});
// 运行结果
load('./demo08.js')
connecting to: mongodb://127.0.0.1:27017/company
MongoDB server version: 3.6.5
{
"_id" : ObjectId("5c9c43fe50a0b17e32e5a7ee"),
"name" : "xiaoying",
"age" : 33,
"sex" : 1,
"job" : "前端",
"skill" : {
"skillOne" : "HTML+CSS",
"skillTwo" : "JavaScript",
"skillThree" : "PHP"
},
"regeditTime" : ISODate("2019-03-28T03:48:14.909Z"),
"interest" : [
"看电影",
"看书",
"吃美食",
"钓鱼",
"旅游"
]
}
true
复制代码第九节 索引:构造百万级数据
// 生成随机数
function getRandomNumber(mix, max) {
var range = max - mix
let rand = Math.random()
return (mix + Math.round(rand * range))
}
// console.log(getRandomNumber(10000,99999))
// 生成随机用户名
function getRandomUserName(min,max) {
let tempStrArr = '1234567890qwerttyuuii'.split('')
let outPutTxt = ''
for(let i = 1; i<getRandomNumber(min,max); i++) {
outPutTxt = outPutTxt + tempStrArr[getRandomNumber(0,tempStrArr.length)]
}
return outPutTxt
}
// console.log(getRandomUserName(7,16))
// 200万条数据
var startTime = (new Date()).getTime()
var db = connect('company')
db.randomInfo.drop()
var tempInfo = []
for(let i = 0; i<2000000; i++){
tempInfo.push({
userName: getRandomUserName(7, 16),
registTime: new Date(),
randNum0: getRandomNumber(10000,99999),
randNum1: getRandomNumber(10000,99999),
randNum2: getRandomNumber(10000,99999),
randNum3: getRandomNumber(10000,99999),
randNum4: getRandomNumber(10000,99999),
randNum5: getRandomNumber(10000,99999),
randNum6: getRandomNumber(10000,99999),
randNum7: getRandomNumber(10000,99999),
randNum8: getRandomNumber(10000,99999),
randNum9: getRandomNumber(10000,99999),
})
}
db.randomInfo.insert(tempInfo)
var time = (new Date()).getTime()- startTime
print('demo .......'+ time)
复制代码// 部分数据
db.randomInfo.find({},{_id:0, userName:1,registTime:1,randNum0:1,randNum1:1})
{ "userName" : "0iq300q3ut", "registTime" : ISODate("2019-03-28T07:56:29.053Z"), "randNum0" : 70544, "randNum1" : 32916 }
{ "userName" : "6w3q747y", "registTime" : ISODate("2019-03-28T07:56:29.055Z"), "randNum0" : 66728, "randNum1" : 86966 }
{ "userName" : "6iyuu5ei8iw", "registTime" : ISODate("2019-03-28T07:56:29.055Z"), "randNum0" : 42663, "randNum1" : 87815 }
{ "userName" : "2t3e0u2", "registTime" : ISODate("2019-03-28T07:56:29.055Z"), "randNum0" : 98483, "randNum1" : 53564 }
{ "userName" : "4464ywu", "registTime" : ISODate("2019-03-28T07:56:29.055Z"), "randNum0" : 20244, "randNum1" : 52306 }
{ "userName" : "u8t8092e6", "registTime" : ISODate("2019-03-28T07:56:29.055Z"), "randNum0" : 38763, "randNum1" : 44804 }
{ "userName" : "tq9ry6i47", "registTime" : ISODate("2019-03-28T07:56:29.055Z"), "randNum0" : 17377, "randNum1" : 72666 }
{ "userName" : "3u62ee93yt6", "registTime" : ISODate("2019-03-28T07:56:29.055Z"), "randNum0" : 71761, "randNum1" : 51110 }
{ "userName" : "7t8qut54", "registTime" : ISODate("2019-03-28T07:56:29.055Z"), "randNum0" : 23753, "randNum1" : 11799 }
{ "userName" : "12y4532r1", "registTime" : ISODate("2019-03-28T07:56:29.055Z"), "randNum0" : 64216, "randNum1" : 41898 }
{ "userName" : "wqundefinedu6r3e", "registTime" : ISODate("2019-03-28T07:56:29.056Z"), "randNum0" : 70406, "randNum1" : 67199 }
{ "userName" : "ie0i9088", "registTime" : ISODate("2019-03-28T07:56:29.056Z"), "randNum0" : 41195, "randNum1" : 94769 }
{ "userName" : "6w24413t5", "registTime" : ISODate("2019-03-28T07:56:29.056Z"), "randNum0" : 15180, "randNum1" : 11964 }
{ "userName" : "ut9t6ew7702yt0", "registTime" : ISODate("2019-03-28T07:56:29.056Z"), "randNum0" : 37938, "randNum1" : 22956 }
{ "userName" : "029u4r2r3", "registTime" : ISODate("2019-03-28T07:56:29.056Z"), "randNum0" : 44632, "randNum1" : 49829 }
{ "userName" : "w65qundefinedey3", "registTime" : ISODate("2019-03-28T07:56:29.056Z"), "randNum0" : 81835, "randNum1" : 94093 }
{ "userName" : "28ti137u9325", "registTime" : ISODate("2019-03-28T07:56:29.056Z"), "randNum0" : 61337, "randNum1" : 82463 }
{ "userName" : "43iye86", "registTime" : ISODate("2019-03-28T07:56:29.056Z"), "randNum0" : 57185, "randNum1" : 74999 }
{ "userName" : "rryyrt", "registTime" : ISODate("2019-03-28T07:56:29.056Z"), "randNum0" : 97681, "randNum1" : 26018 }
{ "userName" : "5undefined26y62r3", "registTime" : ISODate("2019-03-28T07:56:29.056Z"), "randNum0" : 27017, "randNum1" : 49706 }
Type "it" for more
> it
{ "userName" : "32q8iiyu", "registTime" : ISODate("2019-03-28T07:56:29.058Z"), "randNum0" : 35844, "randNum1" : 42039 }
{ "userName" : "yteundefined4yw0u", "registTime" : ISODate("2019-03-28T07:56:29.058Z"), "randNum0" : 42967, "randNum1" : 34751 }
{ "userName" : "uuy3yiquq7", "registTime" : ISODate("2019-03-28T07:56:29.058Z"), "randNum0" : 43411, "randNum1" : 55211 }
{ "userName" : "t99i78y", "registTime" : ISODate("2019-03-28T07:56:29.058Z"), "randNum0" : 53599, "randNum1" : 94873 }
{ "userName" : "t066073", "registTime" : ISODate("2019-03-28T07:56:29.058Z"), "randNum0" : 83372, "randNum1" : 68490 }
{ "userName" : "ue1w4undefined20i", "registTime" : ISODate("2019-03-28T07:56:29.058Z"), "randNum0" : 59464, "randNum1" : 33989 }
{ "userName" : "yteu8u6rti", "registTime" : ISODate("2019-03-28T07:56:29.058Z"), "randNum0" : 43158, "randNum1" : 10568 }
{ "userName" : "7u0505i5", "registTime" : ISODate("2019-03-28T07:56:29.058Z"), "randNum0" : 81923, "randNum1" : 62264 }
{ "userName" : "uq0tt2r7undefinedtu", "registTime" : ISODate("2019-03-28T07:56:29.058Z"), "randNum0" : 68282, "randNum1" : 14105 }
{ "userName" : "u29q6t3", "registTime" : ISODate("2019-03-28T07:56:29.058Z"), "randNum0" : 47692, "randNum1" : 62361 }
{ "userName" : "4uer27qiu", "registTime" : ISODate("2019-03-28T07:56:29.058Z"), "randNum0" : 46388, "randNum1" : 72636 }
{ "userName" : "i8222t8t8", "registTime" : ISODate("2019-03-28T07:56:29.058Z"), "randNum0" : 91969, "randNum1" : 25697 }
{ "userName" : "te60qq4ewete", "registTime" : ISODate("2019-03-28T07:56:29.058Z"), "randNum0" : 96676, "randNum1" : 50247 }
{ "userName" : "q7witw2u05905", "registTime" : ISODate("2019-03-28T07:56:29.058Z"), "randNum0" : 72271, "randNum1" : 63654 }
{ "userName" : "47671wi6u", "registTime" : ISODate("2019-03-28T07:56:29.064Z"), "randNum0" : 94064, "randNum1" : 62081 }
{ "userName" : "47undefinedwui0y3", "registTime" : ISODate("2019-03-28T07:56:29.064Z"), "randNum0" : 12684, "randNum1" : 67802 }
{ "userName" : "28q2undefinedi8w0", "registTime" : ISODate("2019-03-28T07:56:29.064Z"), "randNum0" : 55945, "randNum1" : 68679 }
{ "userName" : "6w5quu7t", "registTime" : ISODate("2019-03-28T07:56:29.064Z"), "randNum0" : 50544, "randNum1" : 81787 }
{ "userName" : "08q5u2wu", "registTime" : ISODate("2019-03-28T07:56:29.064Z"), "randNum0" : 93061, "randNum1" : 75591 }
{ "userName" : "tru6re3u9t", "registTime" : ISODate("2019-03-28T07:56:29.064Z"), "randNum0" : 40294, "randNum1" : 74792 }
复制代码第十节 索引：索引入门
// 查询某个名字需要耗时多久？（以_id为索引）
var startTime = new Date().getTime() //得到程序运行的开始时间
var db = connect('company') //链接数据库
var rs=db.randomInfo.find({username:"tru6re3u9t"}) //根据用户名查找用户
rs.forEach(rs=>{printjson(rs)}) //循环输出
var runTime = new Date().getTime()-startTime; //得到程序运行时间
print('[SUCCESS]This run time is:'+runTime+'ms') //打印出运行时间
//运行结果
connecting to: mongodb://127.0.0.1:27017/company
MongoDB server version: 3.6.5
[SUCCESS]This run time is:3338ms
true
// 查看索引getIndexes(),只有_id
db.randomInfo.getIndexes()
[
{
"v" : 2,
"key" : {
"_id" : 1
},
"name" : "_id_",
"ns" : "company.randomInfo"
}
]
复制代码以下增加userName索引(查询时间会缩短很多，不同电脑可能相差时间还不一样，但是mongoDB限制64个索引)
// 建立userName的索引
db.randomInfo.ensureIndex({userName: 1})
// 查看索引，多出来userName
db.randomInfo.getIndexes()
[
{
"v" : 2,
"key" : {
"_id" : 1
},
"name" : "_id_",
"ns" : "company.randomInfo"
},
{
"v" : 2,
"key" : {
"userName" : 1
},
"name" : "userName_1",
"ns" : "company.randomInfo"
}
]
//运行结果
connecting to: mongodb://127.0.0.1:27017/company
MongoDB server version: 3.6.5
[SUCCESS]This run time is:1465ms
true
复制代码第十一节 索引： 复合索引
索引中的小坑
- 数据不超万条时，不需要使用索引。性能的提升并不明显，而大大增加了内存和硬盘的消耗。
- 查询数据超过表数据量30%时，不要使用索引字段查询。实际证明会比不使用索引更慢，因为它大量检索了索引表和我们原表。
- 数字索引，要比字符串索引快的多，在百万级甚至千万级数据量面前，使用数字索引是个明确的选择。
- 把你经常查询的数据做成一个内嵌数据（对象型的数据），然后集体进行索引。
//现在把randNum0，这个字段也设置成索引
db.randomInfo.ensureIndex({randNum0:1})
// 复合查找
var startTime = new Date().getTime() //得到程序运行的开始时间
var db = connect('company') //链接数据库
var rs=db.randomInfo.find({username:"7t8qut54",randNum0:23753}) //根据用户名查找用户
rs.forEach(rs=>{printjson(rs)}) //循环输出
var runTime = new Date().getTime()-startTime; //得到程序运行时间
print('[SUCCESS]This run time is:'+runTime+'ms') //打印出运行时间
// 运行结果
connecting to: mongodb://127.0.0.1:27017/company
MongoDB server version: 3.6.5
[SUCCESS]This run time is:7ms
true
复制代码1、hint(指定索引查询)
// 指定用数字索引
//现在数据量不大，时间看不出来差别，但是到工作中数据量很大的时候就会显示出来数字索引的优越性了
var rs = db.randomInfo.find({username:'7t8qut54',randNum0:23753}).hint({randNum0:1});
复制代码2、删除索引
// 这里需要注意的是删除时填写的值，并不是我们的字段名称（key），而是我们索引查询表中的name值
db.randomInfo.dropIndex('randNum0_1')
复制代码第十二节 索引： 全文索引
db = connect('company')
db.info.insert({contextInfo: "My am a programmer, I love family,I like my son"})
db.info.insert({contextInfo: "My am a programmer, I play game and sing song"})
// 需要注意的是这里使用text关键词来代表全文索引
db.info.ensureIndex({contextInfo:'text'})
// 查找全文中的programmer
// db.info.find({$text: {$search:"programmer"}})
// 不想查找某个词，用-减号来取消
// db.info.find({$text: {$search:"programmer -family"}})
// 多个内容（play game和song）需要转义\
db.info.find({$text: {$search:"\"play game\" song"}}
复制代码第十三节 管理（用户的创建、删除、修改）
创建用户
// 创建用户
db.createUser({
user:'xiaoying',
pwd: '1212',
customData: {
name: '小英',
email: 'sun_xiao_ying@sina.com',
age: 29
},
roles: [
{
role: 'readWrite',
db: 'company'
},
'read'
]
})
// 查看结果
db.system.user.find()
> db.system.users.find()
{ "_id" : "admin.xiaoying", "user" : "xiaoying", "db" : "admin", "credentials" : { "SCRAM-SHA-1" : { "iterationCount" : 10000, "salt" : "fSpRZZXvFQBGNm7Bh93wLA==", "storedKey" : "xOsYqOiHOKqrvcJuKO+b4LjT1To=", "serverKey" : "cjDAo+ui6xT9Bez5XXK/OCc5agw=" } }, "customData" : { "name" : "小英", "email" : "sun_xiao_ying@sina.com", "age" : 29 }, "roles" : [ { "role" : "readWrite", "db" : "company" }, { "role" : "read", "db" : "admin" } ] }
复制代码删除用户
// 删除用户
db.system.users.remove({user: 'xiaoying'})
复制代码建权
db.auth("xiaoying",'1212')
// 关闭服务
db.shutdownServer()
// 建权后启动
// mongod --auth
// 连接
// mongo -u xiaoying -p 1212 127.0.0.1:27017/admin
// mongo localhost:27017/admin -u xiaoying -p 1212
复制代码第十四节：图形界面
个人使用的是Robomogo,真正开发的时候还是以图形界面管理为主吧，看着毕竟直观，明了，操作简单~
以上就是mongo的一些知识点的汇总了，希望能够对大家有所帮助，期待下次更新的时候就是结合mongo的项目分项了~ 2019-03-28记。
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