根据Oracle的文档的描述，数据泵采用不同的方式导出导入，性能也会有明显的差别，这次正好有机会测试一下，迁移表空间、直接路径、外部表方式，以及数据库链方式导出、导入的性能差异。


首先检查源数据库的表空间是否满足自包含条件：


SQL> EXEC DBMS_TTS.TRANSPORT_SET_CHECK('TJSQ,TJSQ_TMP')


PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.


SQL> SELECT * FROM TRANSPORT_SET_VIOLATIONS;


no rows selected


设置源数据库迁移表空间为只读状态：


SQL> ALTER TABLESPACE TJSQ READ ONLY;


Tablespace altered.


SQL> ALTER TABLESPACE TJSQ_TMP READ ONLY;


Tablespace altered.


下面利用数据泵执行表空间迁移的导出操作：


SQL> HOST


[oracle@yans2 ~]$ expdp system directory=d_dmpdp dumpfile=tjsq_090617_trans_tablespace.dp transport_tablespaces=tjsq, tjsq_tmp


Export: Release10.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production on Wednesday, 17 June, 2009 18:07:29


Copyright (c) 2003, 2005, Oracle.  All rights reserved.


Password:


Connected to: Oracle Database10gEnterprise Edition Release10.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production


With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options


Starting "SYSTEM"."SYS_EXPORT_TRANSPORTABLE_01":  system/******** directory=d_dmpdp dumpfile=tjsq_090617_trans_tablespace.dp transport_tablespaces=tjsq, tjsq_tmp


Processing object type TRANSPORTABLE_EXPORT/PLUGTS_BLK


Processing object type TRANSPORTABLE_EXPORT/TABLE


Processing object type TRANSPORTABLE_EXPORT/GRANT/OWNER_GRANT/OBJECT_GRANT


Processing object type TRANSPORTABLE_EXPORT/INDEX


Processing object type TRANSPORTABLE_EXPORT/CONSTRAINT/CONSTRAINT


Processing object type TRANSPORTABLE_EXPORT/INDEX_STATISTICS


Processing object type TRANSPORTABLE_EXPORT/COMMENT


Processing object type TRANSPORTABLE_EXPORT/CONSTRAINT/REF_CONSTRAINT


Processing object type TRANSPORTABLE_EXPORT/TABLE_STATISTICS


Processing object type TRANSPORTABLE_EXPORT/POST_TABLE_ACTION


Processing object type TRANSPORTABLE_EXPORT/MATERIALIZED_VIEW_LOG


Processing object type TRANSPORTABLE_EXPORT/POST_INSTANCE/PLUGTS_BLK


Master table "SYSTEM"."SYS_EXPORT_TRANSPORTABLE_01" successfully loaded/unloaded


******************************************************************************


Dump file set for SYSTEM.SYS_EXPORT_TRANSPORTABLE_01 is:


 /data/dmp/tjsq_090617_trans_tablespace.dp


Job "SYSTEM"."SYS_EXPORT_TRANSPORTABLE_01" successfully completed at 18:08:30


可以看到由于不需要导出表中的数据，因此导出操作十分迅速就完成了，只用了1分1秒。


下面利用DBMS_FILE_TRANSFER包进行传送：


SQL> SET TIMING ON


SQL> EXEC DBMS_FILE_TRANSFER.GET_FILE('D_DATAFILE', 'tjsq01.dbf', 'NEWDEMO', 'D_DATAFILE', 'tjsq01.dbf')


PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.


Elapsed: 00:30:57.84


SQL> EXEC DBMS_FILE_TRANSFER.GET_FILE('D_DATAFILE', 'tjsq02.dbf', 'NEWDEMO', 'D_DATAFILE', 'tjsq02.dbf')


PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.


Elapsed: 00:06:29.41


SQL> EXEC DBMS_FILE_TRANSFER.GET_FILE('D_DATAFILE', 'tjsq_tmp.dbf', 'NEWDEMO', 'D_DATAFILE', 'tjsq_tmp.dbf')


PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.


Elapsed: 00:06:28.63


SQL> EXEC DBMS_FILE_TRANSFER.GET_FILE('D_DMPDP', 'tjsq_090617_trans_tablespace.dp', 'NEWDEMO', 'D_DMP', 'tjsq_trans_tablespace.dp')


PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.


Elapsed: 00:00:03.22


DBMS_FILE_TRANSFER包一共用了43分59秒。


现在可以将源数据库表空间至于可写状态。


目标数据库建立用户，并授权：


SQL> CREATE USER TJSQ_NDMAIN IDENTIFIED BY TJSQ_NDMAIN;


User created.


SQL> CREATE USER TJSQ_TRADE IDENTIFIED BY TJSQ_TRADE;


User created.


SQL> CREATE USER TJSQ_GOV IDENTIFIED BY TJSQ_GOV;


User created.


SQL> CREATE USER TJSQ_NDMAIN_OPER IDENTIFIED BY TJSQ_NDMAIN_OPER;


User created.


SQL> CREATE USER TJSQ_TRADE_OPER IDENTIFIED BY TJSQ_TRADE_OPER;


User created.


SQL> GRANT CONNECT TO TJSQ_GOV;


Grant succeeded.


SQL> GRANT RESOURCE TO TJSQ_GOV;


Grant succeeded.


SQL> GRANT CONNECT TO TJSQ_NDMAIN;


Grant succeeded.


SQL> GRANT RESOURCE TO TJSQ_NDMAIN;


Grant succeeded.


SQL> GRANT CONNECT TO TJSQ_NDMAIN_OPER;


Grant succeeded.


SQL> GRANT RESOURCE TO TJSQ_NDMAIN_OPER;


Grant succeeded.


SQL> GRANT CONNECT TO TJSQ_TRADE;


Grant succeeded.


SQL> GRANT RESOURCE TO TJSQ_TRADE;


Grant succeeded.


SQL> GRANT CONNECT TO TJSQ_TRADE_OPER;


Grant succeeded.


SQL> GRANT RESOURCE TO TJSQ_TRADE_OPER;


Grant succeeded.


SQL> GRANT CREATE SYNONYM TO TJSQ_GOV;


Grant succeeded.


SQL> GRANT CREATE SYNONYM TO TJSQ_NDMAIN;


Grant succeeded.


SQL> GRANT CREATE SYNONYM TO TJSQ_NDMAIN_OPER;


Grant succeeded.


SQL> GRANT CREATE DATABASE LINK TO TJSQ_TRADE;


Grant succeeded.


SQL> GRANT CREATE SYNONYM TO TJSQ_TRADE;


Grant succeeded.


SQL> GRANT CREATE SYNONYM TO TJSQ_TRADE_OPER;


Grant succeeded.


最后利用数据库执行导入操作：


[oracle@tj ~]$ impdp system dumpfile=tjsq_trans_tablespace.dp directory=d_dmp logfile=tjsq_trans.log transport_datafiles=/data/oracle/oradata/tjsq/tjsq01.dbf, /data/oracle/oradata/tjsq/tjsq02.dbf, /data/oracle/oradata/tjsq/tjsq_tmp.dbf


Import: Release10.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production on星期三, 17 6月, 2009 19:59:58


Copyright (c) 2003, 2005, Oracle.  All rights reserved.


Password:


Connected to: Oracle Database10gEnterprise Edition Release10.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production


With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options


Master table "SYSTEM"."SYS_IMPORT_TRANSPORTABLE_01" successfully loaded/unloaded


Starting "SYSTEM"."SYS_IMPORT_TRANSPORTABLE_01":  system/******** dumpfile=tjsq_trans_tablespace.dp directory=d_dmp logfile=tjsq_trans.log transport_datafiles=/data/oracle/oradata/tjsq/tjsq01.dbf, /data/oracle/oradata/tjsq/tjsq02.dbf, /data/oracle/oradata/tjsq/tjsq_tmp.dbf


Processing object type TRANSPORTABLE_EXPORT/PLUGTS_BLK


Processing object type TRANSPORTABLE_EXPORT/TABLE


Processing object type TRANSPORTABLE_EXPORT/GRANT/OWNER_GRANT/OBJECT_GRANT


Processing object type TRANSPORTABLE_EXPORT/INDEX


Processing object type TRANSPORTABLE_EXPORT/CONSTRAINT/CONSTRAINT


Processing object type TRANSPORTABLE_EXPORT/INDEX_STATISTICS


Processing object type TRANSPORTABLE_EXPORT/COMMENT


Processing object type TRANSPORTABLE_EXPORT/CONSTRAINT/REF_CONSTRAINT


Processing object type TRANSPORTABLE_EXPORT/TABLE_STATISTICS


Processing object type TRANSPORTABLE_EXPORT/POST_TABLE_ACTION


Processing object type TRANSPORTABLE_EXPORT/MATERIALIZED_VIEW_LOG


Processing object type TRANSPORTABLE_EXPORT/POST_INSTANCE/PLUGTS_BLK


Job "SYSTEM"."SYS_IMPORT_TRANSPORTABLE_01" successfully completed at 20:04:20


导入总共用了4分22秒。


由于传输表空间只会导入表空间包含的表、索引等数据对象，而过程、视图、同义词、序列等对象无法通过传输表空间完成：


SQL> SELECT OBJECT_TYPE, COUNT(*)


 2  FROM DBA_OBJECTS


 3  WHERE OWNER IN ('TJSQ_TRADE', 'TJSQ_NDMAIN', 'TJSQ_GOV', 'TJSQ_NDMAIN_OPER', 'TJSQ_TRADE_OPER')


 4  GROUP BY OBJECT_TYPE


 5  ORDER BY 1;


OBJECT_TYPE           COUNT(*)


------------------- ----------


INDEX                      938


INDEX PARTITION             16


LOB                          7


TABLE                     1237


TABLE PARTITION            113


可以看到目标数据库通过传输表空间只导入了索引、索引分区、大对象、表和表分区5种类型的对象。


而在源数据库检查对象包括：


SQL> SELECT OBJECT_TYPE


 2  FROM DBA_OBJECTS


 3  WHERE OWNER IN ('TJSQ_TRADE', 'TJSQ_NDMAIN', 'TJSQ_GOV', 'TJSQ_NDMAIN_OPER', 'TJSQ_TRADE_OPER')


 4  GROUP BY OBJECT_TYPE


 5  ORDER BY 1;


OBJECT_TYPE


-------------------


FUNCTION


INDEX


INDEX PARTITION


LOB


PACKAGE


PACKAGE BODY


PROCEDURE


SEQUENCE


SYNONYM


TABLE


TABLE PARTITION


11 rows selected.


下面利用数据泵的NETWORK_LINK方式导入其他对象：


[oracle@tj ~]$ impdp system network_link=NEWDEMO logfile=d_dmp:procedure.log schemas=tjsq_trade,tjsq_ndmain,tjsq_gov,tjsq_ndmain_oper,tjsq_trade_oper include=procedure include=package include=function include=synonym include=sequence


Import: Release10.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production on星期四, 18 6月, 2009 10:27:02


Copyright (c) 2003, 2005, Oracle.  All rights reserved.


Password:


Connected to: Oracle Database10gEnterprise Edition Release10.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production


With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options


Starting "SYSTEM"."SYS_IMPORT_SCHEMA_01":  system/******** network_link=NEWDEMO logfile=d_dmp:procedure.log schemas=tjsq_trade,tjsq_ndmain,tjsq_gov,tjsq_ndmain_oper,tjsq_trade_oper include=procedure include=package include=function include=synonym include=sequence


Estimate in progress using BLOCKS method...


Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA


Total estimation using BLOCKS method: 0 KB


Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/SYNONYM/SYNONYM


Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/SEQUENCE/SEQUENCE


Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/SEQUENCE/GRANT/OWNER_GRANT/OBJECT_GRANT


Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/PACKAGE/PACKAGE_SPEC


Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/FUNCTION/FUNCTION


Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/PROCEDURE/PROCEDURE


Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/PACKAGE/COMPILE_PACKAGE/PACKAGE_SPEC/ALTER_PACKAGE_SPEC


Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/FUNCTION/ALTER_FUNCTION


Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/PROCEDURE/ALTER_PROCEDURE


Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/PACKAGE/PACKAGE_BODY


Job "SYSTEM"."SYS_IMPORT_SCHEMA_01" successfully completed at 10:28:00


导入这些对象用时58秒。


建立记录表，记录用时：


SQL> CREATE TABLE T_EXPDP_IMPDP_RECORD


 2  (TYPE VARCHAR2(20),


 3  EXPDP_TIME NUMBER,


 4  TRANS_TIME NUMBER,  


 5  IMPDP_TIME NUMBER,


 6  OTHER_TIME NUMBER,


 7  TOTAL_TIME NUMBER);


Table created.


SQL> INSERT INTO T_EXPDP_IMPDP_RECORD VALUES


 2  ('TRANSPORT_TABLESPACE', 61, 43*60+59, 4*60+22, 58, 61+43*60+59+4*60+22+58);


1 row created.


SQL> SELECT * FROM T_EXPDP_IMPDP_RECORD;


TYPE                 EXPDP_TIME TRANS_TIME IMPDP_TIME OTHER_TIME TOTAL_TIME


-------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------


TRANSPORT_TABLESPACE         61       2639        262         58       3020


数据泵进行表空间迁移28G的数据文件，总共用时50分钟20秒，其中导出、网络传输时间、导入时间和其他时间所占总体时间百分比如下：


SQL> SELECT ROUND(EXPDP_TIME/TOTAL_TIME*100, 2) EXPDP_RATE,


 2  ROUND(TRANS_TIME/TOTAL_TIME*100, 2) TRANS_RATE,


 3  ROUND(IMPDP_TIME/TOTAL_TIME*100, 2) IMPDP_RATE,


 4  ROUND(OTHER_TIME/TOTAL_TIME*100, 2) OTHER_RATE


 5  FROM T_EXPDP_IMPDP_RECORD


 6  WHERE TYPE = 'TRANSPORT_TABLESPACE';


EXPDP_RATE TRANS_RATE IMPDP_RATE OTHER_RATE


---------- ---------- ---------- ----------


     2.02      87.38       8.68       1.92


超过87%的时间用在网络传送文件上，可以说对于迁移表空间而言，最大的瓶颈在于网络传送。如果采用千兆网络，那么可能传送的时间将缩短为现在时间的1/10，这种情况下，迁移表空间的效率无疑是相当高的，但是对于当前测试的情况，这种方式的导入效率并不算太高。


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