Django REST framework 序列化与反序列化（4）

最新推荐文章于 2024-11-14 13:48:50 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-11-14 13:48:50 发布

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文章标签： python json 移动开发

原文链接：https://juejin.im/post/5b0faa23f265da0902047c88

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关于什么是序列化和反序列化（4）【紧跟前一节】

【转
https://blog.csdn.net/YangHeng816/article/details/78534186
POST 请求---------> 反序列化过程------->

deserializer: Json → native datatype【data = JSONParser().parse(BytesIO(content))】 →  isntance【serializer = SnippetSerializer(data=data)
 serializer.is_valid()# True serializer.save()】

GET 请求 ----------> 序列化过程---------->

serilization : isntance(django 模型实例) → native datatype（python 原生数据类型）【serializer.data】 → Json【JSONRenderer().render(serializer.data)】，将model实例的转为json格式response出去。

从REST的设计原则看，它实际上是为了满足客户端的需求，现在的web后端与客户端（ios/android）打交道的多，这样的格式化response更便于它们解析。换句话说就是：将response打包成某种格式（如JSON)的东西。
】
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官方文档解释

SerializerMethodField 这是一个只读字段。

它通过调用它所连接的序列化器类的方法来获取它的值它可以用于向对象的序列化表示添加任何类型的数据

Signature: SerializerMethodField(method_name=None)

method_name——要调用的序列化器上的方法的名称。

如果不包括此缺省值，则get_<field_name>。

method_name参数引用的序列化器方法应该接受一个参数(除了self)，这个参数是被序列化的对象。

它应该返回您希望包含在对象的序列化表示中的任何内容

现在我们来试试

完整实例代码

models.py
from django.db import models

# Create your models here.
from django.contrib.auth.models import AbstractBaseUser


class MyUsers(models.Model):
    #REQUIRED_FIELDS = ('name',)
    #USERNAME_FIELD = ('name')
    groups = models.ForeignKey(
        'Groups',
        null=False,
        blank=False,
        related_name='myusers',
        on_delete=models.CASCADE
    )
    name = models.CharField(
            null=False,
            blank=False,
            max_length=125,
    )
    email = models.EmailField(
            null=False,
            blank=False,
            max_length=125,
    )

    url = models.URLField(
            null=False,
            blank=True,
            max_length=125,
    )


class Groups(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(
            null=False,
            blank=False,
            max_length=125,
    )

    url = models.URLField(
            null=False,
            blank=True,
            max_length=125,
    )

class Ip(models.Model):
    user = models.ForeignKey(
        'MyUsers',
        null=False,
        blank=False,
        related_name='ips',
        on_delete=models.CASCADE
    )
    group = models.ForeignKey(
        'Groups',
        null=False,
        blank=True,
        related_name='ips',
        on_delete=models.CASCADE
    )
    ip_addr = models.GenericIPAddressField(
        blank=False,
        null=False,
    )

serializers.py
from django.contrib.auth.models import User, Group
from rest_framework import serializers
from accounts.models import Ip


class UserSerializer(serializers.HyperlinkedModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model = User
        fields = ('url', 'username', 'email', 'groups', 'user')


class GroupSerializer(serializers.HyperlinkedModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model = Group
        fields = ('url', 'name')


class IpSerializer(serializers.HyperlinkedModelSerializer):
    #SerializerMethodField（）： Serialization and deserialization
    group = serializers.SerializerMethodField()
    user = serializers.SerializerMethodField()
    class Meta:
        model = Ip
        fields = ('user',  'ip_addr', 'group')

    def get_group(self, obj):# 调用所连接的序列化器类的方法
        print(obj)
        group = obj.group
        print(group)
        print(group.url)
        return{'url': group.url,
               'name': group.name,
              }

    def get_user(self, obj):# 向对象的序列化表示添加任何类型的数据
        print(obj)
        user = obj.user
        print(user)
        if user:
            print(1)
        return {
            'name': user.name + ' ' + 'hello'
        }
        
views.py
from django.shortcuts import render
# Create your views here.
from django.contrib.auth.models import User, Group
from rest_framework import viewsets
from accounts.serializers import UserSerializer, GroupSerializer, IpSerializer
from rest_framework.authtoken.models import Token
from rest_framework.response import Response
from knox.auth import TokenAuthentication
from knox.models import AuthToken
from rest_framework.permissions import IsAuthenticated, AllowAny
from accounts.models import Ip


class UserViewSet(viewsets.ModelViewSet):
    authentication_classes = (
        TokenAuthentication,
    )
    permission_classes = (AllowAny,)
    queryset = User.objects.all().order_by('-date_joined').prefetch_related('groups')
    serializer_class = UserSerializer

    def create(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        serializer = self.get_serializer(data=request.data)
        serializer.is_valid(raise_exception=True)
        user = serializer.save()
        auth_token = AuthToken.objects.create(user)
        # print(auth_token)
        return Response(
            {
                "email": user.email,
                "token": auth_token,
                "id": user.id,
                #"key": auth_token.key,
            }
        )


        """

        serializer = self.get_serializer(data=request.data)
        serializer.is_valid(raise_exception=True)
        user = serializer.save()
        self.token = AuthToken.objects.create(user)
        print(request.user)
        self.headers = self.client.credentials(HTTP_AUTHORIZATION='Token ' + self.token)
        # token is setted into the requested headers
        # token = Token.objects.create(user=user)
        print(self.token.key)
        """


# class UserViewSet(viewsets.ModelViewSet):
#     """
#     允许用户查看或编辑的API路径。
#     """
#     queryset = User.objects.all().order_by('-date_joined')
#     serializer_class = UserSerializer
#     def Post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
#                 serializer = self.get_serializer(data=request.data)
#                 serializer.is_valid(raise_exception=True)
#                 user = serializer.save()
#                 token = Token.objects.create(user=user)
#                 print(token.key)
#                 # auth_token = AuthToken.objects.create(user)
#                 # print(auth_token.key)
#                 return Response(
#                         {
#                             "name": user.username,
#                             "token": token,
#                             "id": user.id,
#                         }
#                 )
#

class GroupViewSet(viewsets.ModelViewSet):
    """
    允许组查看或编辑的API路径。
    """
    queryset = Group.objects.all()
    serializer_class = GroupSerializer


class IpViewSet(viewsets.ModelViewSet):
    """
    允许组查看或编辑的API路径。
    """
    queryset = Ip.objects.all()
    serializer_class = IpSerializer
前面的都是项目下的应用Floral/
                        Floral/
                            accounts下的文件
下面是项目Floral下的文件

Floral/urls.py(注意:项目下的url)
from django.conf.urls import url, include
from rest_framework import routers
from accounts import views

router = routers.DefaultRouter()
router.register(r'users', views.UserViewSet)
router.register(r'groups', views.GroupViewSet)
router.register(r'ips', views.IpViewSet)

# 使用自动URL路由连接我们的API。
# 另外，我们还包括支持浏览器浏览API的登录URL。
urlpatterns = [
    url(r'api/auth/', include('knox.urls')),
    url(r'^', include(router.urls)),
    # url(r'^api-auth/', include('rest_framework.urls', namespace='rest_framework'))
]



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重点要解释的部分通过SerializerMethodField实现序列化 group是Ip表中的外键，关联MyUser模型通过get_group()方法来设置返回的数据 user则是自定义的序列化字段通过get_user()方法来设置返回的数据



class IpSerializer(serializers.HyperlinkedModelSerializer):
    #SerializerMethodField（）： Serialization and deserialization
    group = serializers.SerializerMethodField()
    user = serializers.SerializerMethodField()
    class Meta:
        model = Ip
        fields = ('user',  'ip_addr', 'group')

    def get_group(self, obj):# 调用所连接的序列化器类的方法
        print(obj)
        group = obj.group
        print(group)
        print(group.url)
        return{'url': group.url,
               'name': group.name,
              }

    def get_user(self, obj):# 向对象的序列化表示添加任何类型的数据
        print(obj)
        user = obj.user
        print(user)
        if user:
            print(1)
        return {
            'name': user.name + ' ' + 'hello'
        }
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执行python manage.py runserver后，访问网址http://127.0.0.1:8000/ips/，出现的结果


Django version 2.0.5, using settings 'Floral.settings'
Starting development server at http://127.0.0.1:8000/
Quit the server with CONTROL-C.
(0.002) SELECT "accounts_ip"."id", "accounts_ip"."user_id", "accounts_ip"."group_id", "accounts_ip"."ip_addr" FROM "accounts_ip"; args=()
Ip object (1)
(0.001) SELECT "accounts_myusers"."id", "accounts_myusers"."groups_id", "accounts_myusers"."name", "accounts_myusers"."email", "accounts_myusers"."url" FROM "accounts_myusers" WHERE "accounts_myusers"."id" = 1; args=(1,)
MyUsers object (1)
1
Ip object (1)
(0.001) SELECT "accounts_groups"."id", "accounts_groups"."name", "accounts_groups"."url" FROM "accounts_groups" WHERE "accounts_groups"."id" = 1; args=(1,)
Groups object (1)
http://www.baidu.com
[31/May/2018 07:51:52] "GET /ips/ HTTP/1.1" 200 105
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