MySQL存储过程学习笔记

最新推荐文章于 2021-01-28 02:50:52 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2021-01-28 02:50:52 发布

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原文链接：https://my.oschina.net/jallenkwong/blog/844429

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2019独角兽企业重金招聘Python工程师标准>>>

什么是存储过程

简单的说，就是一组SQL语句集，功能强大，可以实现一些比较复杂的逻辑功能，类似于JAVA语言中的方法；

有哪些特性

有输入输出参数，可以声明变量，有if/else, case,while等控制语句，通过编写存储过程，可以实现复杂的逻辑功能；

函数的普遍特性：模块化，封装，代码复用；

速度快，只有首次执行需经过编译和优化步骤，后续被调用可以直接执行，省去以上步骤；

我第一个存储过程

MyFirstProcedure.sql 简单的加法

DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS `proc_adder`;
DELIMITER ;;
CREATE DEFINER=`root`@`localhost` PROCEDURE `proc_adder`(IN a int, IN b int, OUT sum int)
BEGIN
    #Routine body goes here...

    DECLARE c int;
    if a is null then set a = 0; 
    end if;
  
    if b is null then set b = 0;
    end if;

    set sum  = a + b;
END
;;
DELIMITER ;

set @a=2;
set @b=5;
call proc_adder(@a,@b,@s);--调用存储过程
select @s as sum;

其中需说明的是

DELIMITER ;;：之前说过了，把默认的输入的结束符;替换成;;。

DEFINER：创建者；

运行结果

创建 MySQL 存储过程的简单语法

create procedure 存储过程名字()
(
   [in|out|inout] 参数 datatype
)
begin
   MySQL 语句;
end;

IN为默认类型，值必须在调用时指定，值不能返回（值传递）；
OUT值可以返回（指针传递）；
INOUT值必须在调用时指定，值可以返回；

使用DECLARE来声明，DEFAULT赋默认值，SET赋值，例

1.DECLARE counter INT DEFAULT 0; /*默认为0*/

2.SET counter = counter+1; /*- 自增+1*/

注意

1.MySQL 存储过程注释格式为/*......*/，不能是//；

2.MySQL 存储过程中的每条语句的末尾，都要加上分号 “;” ；

3. 不能在 MySQL 存储过程中使用 “return” 关键字， “return” 只能出现在函数中；

4.因为 MySQL 存储过程参数没有默认值，所以在调用 MySQL 存储过程时候，不能省略参数。可以用 null 来替代。例：call pr_add(10, null);

5.MySQL5开始支持存储过程功能。

更多例子

1.discounted_price.sql

DELIMITER $$   
  
DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS discounted_price$$   
CREATE PROCEDURE discounted_price(normal_price NUMERIC(8, 2), OUT discount_price NUMERIC(8, 2))   
BEGIN   
	IF (normal_price > 500) THEN   
		SET discount_price = normal_price * .8;   
	ELSEIF (normal_price > 100) THEN   
		SET discount_price = normal_price * .9;   
	ELSE   
		SET discount_price = normal_price;   
	END IF;   
END$$   
  
DELIMITER ;  

call discounted_price(300.02,@r);
select @r as result;

运行结果

注意：ELSEIF 不能写成ELSE IF

2.simple_loop.sql

DELIMITER $$   
  
DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS simple_loop$$   
  
CREATE PROCEDURE simple_loop(OUT counter INT)   
BEGIN   
	SET counter = 0;   
	my_simple_loop: LOOP   
		SET counter = counter+1;   
		IF counter = 10 THEN   
			LEAVE my_simple_loop;   
		END IF;   
	END LOOP my_simple_loop;   
END$$   
  
DELIMITER ;  


call simple_loop(@r);
select @r as result;

运行结果：

3.proc_case.sql

DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS `proc_case`;
DELIMITER ;;
CREATE DEFINER=`root`@`localhost` PROCEDURE `proc_case`(IN type int)
BEGIN
    #Routine body goes here...
    DECLARE c varchar(500);
    CASE type
    WHEN 0 THEN
        set c = 'param is 0';
    WHEN 1 THEN
        set c = 'param is 1';
    ELSE
        set c = 'param is others, not 0 or 1';
    END CASE;
    select c;
END
;;
DELIMITER ;

set @type=1;
call proc_case(@type);

运行结果：

4.simple_while.sql

DELIMITER $$   
  
DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS simple_while$$   
  
CREATE PROCEDURE simple_while(OUT counter INT)   
BEGIN   
	SET counter = 0;   
	WHILE counter != 10 DO   
		SET counter = counter+1;   
	END WHILE;   
END$$   
  
DELIMITER ;  

call simple_while(@r);
select @r as result;

运行结果

5.simple_repeat.sql

DELIMITER $$   
  
DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS simple_repeat$$   
  
CREATE PROCEDURE simple_repeat(OUT counter INT)   
BEGIN   
	SET counter = 0;   
	REPEAT   
		SET counter = counter+1;   
	UNTIL counter = 10 END REPEAT;   
END$$   
  
DELIMITER ;  

call simple_repeat(@r);
select @r as result;

运行结果：

6.simple_cursor_into.sql

DELIMITER $$   
  
DROP PROCEDURE IF EXITS cursor_example$$   
CREATE PROCEDURE cursor_example()   
	READS SQL DATA   
BEGIN   
	DECLARE l_employee_id INT;   
	DECLARE l_salary NUMERIC(8,2);   
	DECLARE l_department_id INT;   
	DECLARE done INT DEFAULT 0;   
	DECLARE cur1 CURSOR FOR SELECT employee_id, salary, department_id FROM employees;   
	DECLARE CONTINUE HANDLER FOR NOT FOUND SET done=1;   
  
	OPEN cur1;   
	emp_loop: LOOP   
		FETCH cur1 INTO l_employee_id, l_salary, l_department_id;   
		IF done=1 THEN   
			LEAVE emp_loop;   
		END IF;   
	END LOOP emp_loop;   
	CLOSE cur1;   
END$$   
DELIMITER ;

其中

1. 异常处理。如果用cursor获取SELECT语句返回的所有结果集时应该定义NOT FOUND error handler来防止存储程序提前终结。如果SQL语句可能返回constraint violation等错误时应该创建一个handler来防止程序终结；

2. INTO用于存储单行记录的查询结果；

3.CURSOR用于处理多行记录的查询结果；

7. SELECT语句用于存储过程返回结果集

DELIMITER $$   
DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS sp_emps_in_dept$$   
CREATE PROCEDURE sp_emps_in_dept(in_employee_id INT)   
BEGIN   
	SELECT employee_id, surname, firstname, address1, address2, zipcode, date_of_birth FROM employees WHERE department_id=in_employee_id;   
END$$   
  
DELIMITER ;

8. UPDATE、INSERT、DELETE、CREATE TABLE等非查询语句也可以嵌入存储过程里

DELIMITER $$   
  
DROP PROCEDURE IF EXITS sp_update_salary$$   
CREATE PROCEDURE sp_update_salary(in_employee_id INT, in_new_salary NUMERIC(8,2))   
BEGIN   
	IF in_new_salary < 5000 OR in_new_salary > 500000 THEN   
		SELECT "Illegal salary: salary must be between $5000 and $500, 000";   
	ELSE   
		UPDATE employees SET salary=in_new_salary WHERE employee_id=in_employee_id;   
	END IF:   
END$$   
  
DELIMITER ;

9. 使用CALL调用存储程序

DELIMITER $$   
  
DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS call_example$$   
CREATE PROCEDURE call_example(employee_id INT, employee_type VARCHAR(20))   
	NO SQL   
BEGIN   
	DECLARE l_bonus_amount NUMERIC(8,2);   
  
	IF employee_type='MANAGER' THEN   
		CALL calc_manager_bonus(employee_id, l_bonus_amount);   
	ELSE   
		CALL calc_minion_bonus(employee_id, l_bonus_amount);   
	END IF;   
	CALL grant_bonus(employee_id, l_bonus_amount);   
END$$   
DELIMITER ;

10.综合例子

CREATE PROCEDURE putting_it_all_together(in_department_id INT)   
	MODIFIES SQL DATA   
BEGIN   
	DECLARE l_employee_id INT;   
	DECLARE l_salary NUMERIC(8,2);   
	DECLARE l_department_id INT;   
	DECLARE l_new_salary NUMERIC(8,2);   
	DECLARE done INT DEFAULT 0;   
  
	DECLARE cur1 CURSOR FOR   
		SELECT employee_id, salary, department_id   
		FROM employees   
		WHERE department_id=in_department_id;   
  
	DECLARE CONTINUE HANDLER FOR NOT FOUND SET done=1;   
  
	CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE IF NOT EXISTS emp_raises   
		(employee_id INT, department_id INT, new_salary NUMERIC(8,2));   
  
	OPEN cur1;   
	emp_loop: LOOP   
		FETCH cur1 INTO l_employee_id, l_salary, l_department_id;   
		IF done=1 THEN    /* No more rows */  
			LEAVE emp_loop;   
		END IF;   
		CALL new_salary(1_employee_id, l_new_salary); /* Get new salary */  
		IF (l_new_salary <> l_salary) THEN  /* Salary changed */  
			UPDATE employees   
				SET salary=l_new_salary   
			WHERE employee_id=l_employee_id;   
			/* Keep track of changed salaries */  
			INSERT INTO emp_raises(employee_id, department_id, new_salary)   
				VALUES (l_employee_id, l_department_id, l_new_salary);   
		END IF:   
	END LOOP emp_loop;   
	CLOSE cur1;   
	/* Print out the changed salaries */  
	SELECT employee_id, department_id, new_salary from emp_raises   
		ORDER BY employee_id;   
END;

查看已有的存储过程

select `name` from MySQL.proc where db = 'your_db_name' and `type` = 'PROCEDURE';

show procedure status;

查看存储过程创建代码

show create procedure proc_name;

执行脚本文件的命令

source d:/a/b.sql;

不是

source d:\a\b.sql;

参考文献

1.Mysql中的存储过程[http://www.cnblogs.com/chenpi/p/5136483.html]

2.mysql存储过程基本语法[http://www.cnblogs.com/lxs1314/p/5945428.html]

3.mysql查看所有存储过程[http://blog.csdn.net/god123209/article/details/7577138]

转载于:https://my.oschina.net/jallenkwong/blog/844429

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