编写动态链接库有什么好处呢。
对于linux来说,如果一个代码量庞大的程序,如果在系统中会存在很多个程序实例。这个时候,将部分代码实现在动态链接库中就有节省内存的好处。
这里介绍一个工具叫做,strace,可以用来跟踪程序的系统调用,对于经常奔溃的程序来说,调试时很有用处。
对于一个简单的printf()程序:
int main()
{
printf("hello \n");
return 1;
}
对上述程序用 strace进行启动得到输出:
execve("./a.out", ["./a.out"], [/* 19 vars */]) = 0
brk(0) = 0x199e000
access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
mmap(NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f68e0141000
access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=70103, ...}) = 0
mmap(NULL, 70103, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7f68e012f000
close(3) = 0
access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0\200\30\2\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832
fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1815224, ...}) = 0
mmap(NULL, 3929304, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7f68dfb61000
mprotect(0x7f68dfd16000, 2097152, PROT_NONE) = 0
mmap(0x7f68dff16000, 24576, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0x1b5000) = 0x7f68dff16000
mmap(0x7f68dff1c000, 17624, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f68dff1c000
close(3) = 0
mmap(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f68e012e000
mmap(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f68e012d000
mmap(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f68e012c000
arch_prctl(ARCH_SET_FS, 0x7f68e012d700) = 0
mprotect(0x7f68dff16000, 16384, PROT_READ) = 0
mprotect(0x600000, 4096, PROT_READ) = 0
mprotect(0x7f68e0143000, 4096, PROT_READ) = 0
munmap(0x7f68e012f000, 70103) = 0
fstat(1, {st_mode=S_IFCHR|0620, st_rdev=makedev(136, 2), ...}) = 0
mmap(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f68e0140000
write(1, "hi\n", 3hi
) = 3
exit_group(1) = ?
可以看出在调用printf的过程中,打开libc之后,调用了mmap把文件的内容映射到了进程的空间当中,当系统中有多个程序实例需要引用libc的时候他们共享的内存是同一份,所以使用动态链接库是可以节省内存的。
还可以看出printf的底层实现是write函数。