今天练习Struts2，遇到了以下问题：

严重 : Exception starting filter struts2
Unable to load configuration. - bean - jar:file:/E:/Program%20Files/Tomcat%206.0/webapps/struts2Test/WEB-INF/lib/struts2-core-2.2.3.1.jar!/struts-default.xml:29:72
   at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.ConfigurationManager.getConfiguration( ConfigurationManager.java:58 )
   at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.Dispatcher.init_PreloadConfiguration( Dispatcher.java:360 )
   at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.Dispatcher.init( Dispatcher.java:403 )
   at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.InitOperations.initDispatcher( InitOperations.java:69 )
   at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter.init( StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter.java:48 )
   at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterConfig.getFilter( ApplicationFilterConfig.java:275 )
   at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterConfig.setFilterDef( ApplicationFilterConfig.java:397 )
   at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterConfig.<init>( ApplicationFilterConfig.java:108 )
   at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.filterStart( StandardContext.java:3709 )
   at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.start( StandardContext.java:4363 )
   at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.checkResources( HostConfig.java:1116 )
   at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.check( HostConfig.java:1214 )
   at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.lifecycleEvent( HostConfig.java:293 )
   at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleSupport.fireLifecycleEvent( LifecycleSupport.java:117 )
   at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.backgroundProcess( ContainerBase.java:1337 )
   at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$ContainerBackgroundProcessor.processChildren( ContainerBase.java:1601 )
   at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$ContainerBackgroundProcessor.processChildren( ContainerBase.java:1610 )
   at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$ContainerBackgroundProcessor.run( ContainerBase.java:1590 )
   at java.lang.Thread.run( Thread.java:619 )
Caused by: Unable to load bean: type: class:com.opensymphony.xwork2.ObjectFactory - bean - jar:file:/E:/Program%20Files/Tomcat%206.0/webapps/struts2Test/WEB-INF/lib/struts2-core-2.2.3.1.jar!/struts-default.xml:29:72
   at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.providers.XmlConfigurationProvider.register( XmlConfigurationProvider.java:222 )
   at org.apache.struts2.config.StrutsXmlConfigurationProvider.register( StrutsXmlConfigurationProvider.java:101 )
   at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.impl.DefaultConfiguration.reloadContainer( DefaultConfiguration.java:165 )
   at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.ConfigurationManager.getConfiguration( ConfigurationManager.java:55 )
   ... 18 more
Caused by: Bean type class com.opensymphony.xwork2.ObjectFactory with the name xwork has already been loaded by bean - jar:file:/E:/Program%20Files/Tomcat%206.0/webapps/struts2Test/WEB-INF/lib/struts2-core-2.1.6.jar!/struts-default.xml:29:72 - bean - jar:file:/E:/Program%20Files/Tomcat%206.0/webapps/struts2Test/WEB-INF/lib/struts2-core-2.2.3.1.jar!/struts-default.xml:29:72
   at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.providers.XmlConfigurationProvider.register( XmlConfigurationProvider.java:206 )
   ... 21 more
2011-9-29 15:18:53 org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext start
严重 : Error filterStart
2011-9-29 15:18:53 org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext start
严重 : Context [/struts2Test] startup failed due to previous errors
 
 
解决方法：
 
1.       导入 commons-io-1.3.2.jar 和 commons-fileupload-1.2.1.jar;

 

2. 导入Struts-spring-plugin-2.2.1.jar

3.改标签属性：<package name="default" extends="struts-default">修改成：<package name="login" extends="struts-default">

4. 导入Struts-spring-plugin-2.2.1.jar(是否使用Spring，没用的话不导)

4.   
5.      导入 commons-io-1.3.2.jar 和 commons-fileupload-1.2.1.jar
6.      导入 javassist-3.11.0.GA.jar
 
如果还解决不了，请用两大神器： baidu,google.