apacheBench(ab)
apache服务器自带有一个叫AB(ApacheBench)的工具，在bin目录下使用这个工具可以对服务器进行负载测试。
用法：
ab -n 全部请求数 -c 并发数 测试url
Concurrency Level:      50           #并发数  
Time taken for tests:   92.76140 seconds #全部请求完成耗时
Complete requests:      10000          #全部请求数
Failed requests:        1974           #失败的请求
  (Connect: 0, Length: 1974, Exceptions: 0)
Write errors:           0
Total transferred:      827019400 bytes #总传输大小
HTML transferred:       825219400 bytes
Requests per second:    108.61 [#/sec] (mean) #每秒请求数(平均)
Time per request:       460.381 [ms] (mean) #每次并发请求时间(所有并发)
Time per request:       9.208 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests)                              #每一请求时间(并发平均)  
Transfer rate:          8771.39 [Kbytes/sec] received #传输速率

以下结果时间每次有所偏差，均取相对平均值。
下面是我的从机ubuntu环境下的测试结果，在主机CentOS那台机器上 测试时候性能差比较明显。但最好还是能有第三台外部机器来测。
 

单台主服务器测试情况：
ab -n 1000 -c 100 http://xuanfei/test 
Concurrency Level:      100
Time taken for tests:   0.573741 seconds
Complete requests:      1000
Failed requests:        0
Write errors:           0
Total transferred:      276925 bytes
HTML transferred:       14098 bytes
Requests per second:    1742.95 [#/sec] (mean)
Time per request:       57.374 [ms] (mean)
Time per request:       0.574 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests)
Transfer rate:          470.60 [Kbytes/sec] received
双机模式：
ab -n 1000 -c 100 http://xuanfei/test 
Concurrency Level:      100
Time taken for tests:   0.621410 seconds
Complete requests:      1000
Failed requests:        0
Write errors:           0
Total transferred:      279375 bytes
HTML transferred:       14070 bytes
Requests per second:    1609.24 [#/sec] (mean)
Time per request:       62.141 [ms] (mean)
Time per request:       0.621 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests)
Transfer rate:          437.71 [Kbytes/sec] received
 

ab -n 5000 -c 200 http://xuanfei/test  
单机模式：用到此并发数时候数据的变化波动很大10－3秒內完成都有
Concurrency Level:      200
Time taken for tests:   10.5496 seconds
Complete requests:      5000
Failed requests:        0
Write errors:           0
Total transferred:      1375000 bytes
HTML transferred:       70000 bytes
Requests per second:    499.73 [#/sec] (mean)
Time per request:       400.220 [ms] (mean)
Time per request:       2.001 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests)
Transfer rate:          134.13 [Kbytes/sec] received

双机模式：稳定

Concurrency Level:      200
Time taken for tests:   2.408902 seconds
Complete requests:      5000
Failed requests:        0
Write errors:           0
Total transferred:      1391112 bytes
HTML transferred:       70056 bytes
Requests per second:    2075.63 [#/sec] (mean)
Time per request:       96.356 [ms] (mean)
Time per request:       0.482 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests)
Transfer rate:          563.74 [Kbytes/sec] received

 

单台主服务器测试情况：开始响应超负荷
ab -n 3000 -c 500 http://xuanfei/test
apr_poll: The timeout specified has expired (70007)
Total of 4761 requests completed

双机模式：正常
ab -n 3000 -c 500 http://xuanfei/test
Concurrency Level:      500
Time taken for tests:   3.480663 seconds
Complete requests:      3000
Failed requests:        0
Write errors:           0
Total transferred:      834323 bytes
HTML transferred:       42014 bytes
Requests per second:    861.90 [#/sec] (mean)
Time per request:       580.111 [ms] (mean)
Time per request:       1.160 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests)
Transfer rate:          233.86 [Kbytes/sec] received

ab -n 5000 -c 500 http://xuanfei/test ／／所用响应时间波动稍大
Concurrency Level:      500
Time taken for tests:   6.739712 seconds
Complete requests:      5000
Failed requests:        0
Write errors:           0
Total transferred:      1390137 bytes
HTML transferred:       70014 bytes
Requests per second:    741.87 [#/sec] (mean)
Time per request:       673.971 [ms] (mean)
Time per request:       1.348 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests)
Transfer rate:          201.34 [Kbytes/sec] received


ab -n 5000 -c 800 http://xuanfei/test
Concurrency Level:      800
Time taken for tests:   18.589927 seconds
Complete requests:      5000
Failed requests:        0
Write errors:           0
Total transferred:      1391184 bytes
HTML transferred:       70056 bytes
Requests per second:    268.96 [#/sec] (mean)
Time per request:       2974.388 [ms] (mean)
Time per request:       3.718 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests)
Transfer rate:          73.05 [Kbytes/sec] received

ab -n 5000 -c 1000 http://xuanfei/test
Concurrency Level:      1000
Time taken for tests:   23.19091 seconds
Complete requests:      5000
Failed requests:        1
   (Connect: 0, Length: 1, Exceptions: 0)
Write errors:           0
Non-2xx responses:      1
Total transferred:      1390169 bytes
HTML transferred:       70448 bytes
Requests per second:    217.21 [#/sec] (mean)
Time per request:       4603.818 [ms] (mean)
Time per request:       4.604 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests)
Transfer rate:          58.95 [Kbytes/sec] received
 

就不继续拉 目前相对一般的网站我想应该够了吧：）
小结：测试也是一们大课题，而ab是专门性针对apache的负载进行测试的其中一款软件在linux 下还有许多开源的好软件如：Siege、bombardment等，windows下的就更不用说拉,man慢慢来继续努力：）