document.getElementsByClassName的理想实现

各种实现方式

Pure DOM

通常先使用getElementsByTagName("*")取出文档中所有元素，然后进行遍历，使用正则表达式找出匹配的元素放入一个数组返回。由于IE5不支持document.getElementsByTagName("*")，要使用分支document.all以防错误。

The Ultimate getElementsByClassName方案，作者为Robert Nyman，05年实现，可见老外许多东西在很早以前就走得很远了。

//三个参数都是必需的，查找一网页中5007个类名为“cell”的元素，IE8历时1828 ~ 1844毫秒， //IE6为4610 ~ 6109毫秒，FF3.5为46 ~ 48毫秒，opera10为31 ~ 32毫秒，Chrome为23~ 26毫秒， //safari4为19 ~ 20毫秒 function getElementsByClassName(oElm, strTagName, strClassName){      var arrElements = (strTagName == "*" && oElm.all)? oElm.all :          oElm.getElementsByTagName(strTagName);      var arrReturnElements = new Array();      strClassName = strClassName.replace(/\-/g, "\\-" );      var oRegExp = new RegExp( "(^|\\s)" + strClassName + "(\\s|$)" );      var oElement;      for ( var i=0; i < arrElements.length; i++){          oElement = arrElements[i];          if (oRegExp.test(oElement.className)){              arrReturnElements.push(oElement);          }      }      return (arrReturnElements) }

另一个实现，由Dustin Diaz（《JavaScript Design Patterns》的作者）提供，但兼容性不如上面的，不支持IE5。

//后两参数是可靠的，查找一网页中5007个类名为“cell”的元素，IE8历时78毫秒，IE6历时125~171毫秒 //FF3.5为42 ~ 48毫秒，opera10为31 毫秒，Chrome为22~ 25毫秒，safari4为18 ~ 19毫秒 var getElementsByClass = function (searchClass,node,tag) {          var classElements = new Array();          if ( node == null )                  node = document;          if ( tag == null )                  tag = '*' ;          var els = node.getElementsByTagName(tag);          var elsLen = els.length;          var pattern = new RegExp( "(^|\\s)" +searchClass+ "(\\s|$)" );          for (i = 0, j = 0; i < elsLen; i++) {                  if ( pattern.test(els[i].className) ) {                          classElements[j] = els[i];                          j++;                  }          }          return classElements; }

还有个更古老级的，我从prototype.js1.01版本中找到的，它能支持多个类名的查找（上面两个不行）。它不支持IE5，效率一般般，但作为最早的框架之一，它已经做得很好，其他框架还没有想到这个呢！

//由于这是后期添加的，测试页面已被我删掉，没有做测试…… function getElementsByClassName(className, element) {      var children = (element || document).getElementsByTagName( '*' );      var elements = new Array();         for ( var i = 0; i < children.length; i++) {          var child = children[i];          var classNames = child.className.split( ' ' );          for ( var j = 0; j < classNames.length; j++) {              if (classNames[j] == className) {                  elements.push(child);                  break ;              }          }      }         return elements; }

DOM Tree Walker

使用document.createTreeWalker，这是个比较不常用的二级DOM方法。可惜IE全系列歇菜。

//查找一网页中5007个类名为“cell”的元素，FF3.5为104 ~ 119毫秒，opera10为230 ~ 265毫秒， //Chrome为119 ~ 128毫秒，safari为28 ~ 32毫秒 var getElementsByClassName = function (searchClass) {      function acceptNode(node) {          if (node.hasAttribute( "class" )) {              var c = " " + node.className + " " ;              if (c.indexOf( " " + searchClass + " " ) != -1)                  return NodeFilter.FILTER_ACCEPT;          }          return NodeFilter.FILTER_SKIP;      }      var treeWalker = document.createTreeWalker(document.documentElement,          NodeFilter.SHOW_ELEMENT, acceptNode, true );      var returnElements = [];      if (treeWalker) {          var node = treeWalker.nextNode();          while (node) {              returnElements.push(node);              node = treeWalker.nextNode();          }      }      return returnElements; }

XPath

更加新式时髦的技术。

下面取自Prototype.js框架。

document.getElementsByClassName = function (className, parentElement) {    if (Prototype.BrowserFeatures.XPath) {      var q = ".//*[contains(concat(' ', @class, ' '), ' " + className + " ')]" ;      return document._getElementsByXPath(q, parentElement);    } else {      var children = ($(parentElement) || document.body).getElementsByTagName( '*' );      var elements = [], child;      for ( var i = 0, length = children.length; i < length; i++) {        child = children[i];        if (Element.hasClassName(child, className))          elements.push(Element.extend(child));      }      return elements;    } };

由于这个是不能运行的，我们修改如下：

//查找一网页中5007个类名为“cell”的元素，FF3.5为33 ~ 48毫秒，opera10为31 ~ 32毫秒， //Chrome为104 ~ 107毫秒，safari为18 ~ 21毫秒 var getElementsByClassName = function (searchClass,node,tag) {      node = node || document;      tag = tag || '*' ;      var classes = searchClass.split( " " ),      patterns = "" ,      xhtmlNamespace = "http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" ,      namespaceResolver = (document.documentElement.namespaceURI === xhtmlNamespace)? xhtmlNamespace : null ,      returnElements = [],      elements,      _node;      for ( var j=0, jl=classes.length; j<jl; j+=1){          patterns += "[contains(concat(' ', @class, ' '), ' " + classes[j] + " ')]" ;      }      try {          elements = document.evaluate( ".//" + tag + patterns, node, namespaceResolver, 0, null );      }      catch (e) {          elements = document.evaluate( ".//" + tag + patterns, node, null , 0, null );      }      while ((_node = elements.iterateNext()))  returnElements.push(_node);      return returnElements; }

当然如果游览器原生支持，就用原生的。

各主流游览器的支持情况
IE8	IE7	IE6	FF3	FF2	Saf3	Op9	Op10	Chrome
N	N	N	Y	N	Y	Y	Y	Y

速度比较一览

全平台兼顾速度的解决方案

由Robert Nyman提供。

var getElementsByClassName = function (className, tag, elm){          if (document.getElementsByClassName) {                  getElementsByClassName = function (className, tag, elm) {                          elm = elm || document;                          var elements = elm.getElementsByClassName(className),                                  nodeName = (tag)? new RegExp( "\\b" + tag + "\\b" , "i" ) : null ,                                  returnElements = [],                                  current;                          for ( var i=0, il=elements.length; i<il; i+=1){                                  current = elements[i];                                  if (!nodeName || nodeName.test(current.nodeName)) {                                          returnElements.push(current);                                  }                          }                          return returnElements;                  };          }          else if (document.evaluate) {                  getElementsByClassName = function (className, tag, elm) {                          tag = tag || "*" ;                          elm = elm || document;                          var classes = className.split( " " ),                                  classesToCheck = "" ,                                  xhtmlNamespace = "http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" ,                                  namespaceResolver = (document.documentElement.namespaceURI === xhtmlNamespace)? xhtmlNamespace : null ,                                  returnElements = [],                                  elements,                                  node;                          for ( var j=0, jl=classes.length; j<jl; j+=1){                                  classesToCheck += "[contains(concat(' ', @class, ' '), ' " + classes[j] + " ')]" ;                          }                          try     {                                  elements = document.evaluate( ".//" + tag + classesToCheck, elm, namespaceResolver, 0, null );                          }                          catch (e) {                                  elements = document.evaluate( ".//" + tag + classesToCheck, elm, null , 0, null );                          }                          while ((node = elements.iterateNext())) {                                  returnElements.push(node);                          }                          return returnElements;                  };          }          else {                  getElementsByClassName = function (className, tag, elm) {                          tag = tag || "*" ;                          elm = elm || document;                          var classes = className.split( " " ),                                  classesToCheck = [],                                  elements = (tag === "*" && elm.all)? elm.all : elm.getElementsByTagName(tag),                                  current,                                  returnElements = [],                                  match;                          for ( var k=0, kl=classes.length; k<kl; k+=1){                                  classesToCheck.push( new RegExp( "(^|\\s)" + classes[k] + "(\\s|$)" ));                          }                          for ( var l=0, ll=elements.length; l<ll; l+=1){                                  current = elements[l];                                  match = false ;                                  for ( var m=0, ml=classesToCheck.length; m<ml; m+=1){                                          match = classesToCheck[m].test(current.className);                                          if (!match) {                                                  break ;                                          }                                  }                                  if (match) {                                          returnElements.push(current);                                  }                          }                          return returnElements;                  };          }          return getElementsByClassName(className, tag, elm); };

综合以上方案，我得出了一个最理想的实现——兼容IE5，让后面两个参数是可选的，能原生的原生，利用字面量与倒序循环提高效率……

//查找一网页中5007个类名为“cell”的元素，IE8历时1828 ~ 1844毫秒， //IE6为125 ~ 172毫秒，IE8为93 ~ 94毫秒，FF3.5为0~1毫秒，opera10为0毫秒，Chrome为1毫秒， //safari4为0毫秒 var getElementsByClassName = function (searchClass,node,tag) {      if (document.getElementsByClassName){          return  document.getElementsByClassName(searchClass)      } else {              node = node || document;          tag = tag || '*' ;          var returnElements = []          var els =  (tag === "*" && node.all)? node.all : node.getElementsByTagName(tag);          var i = els.length;          searchClass = searchClass.replace(/\-/g, "\\-" );          var pattern = new RegExp( "(^|\\s)" +searchClass+ "(\\s|$)" );          while (--i >= 0){              if (pattern.test(els[i].className) ) {                  returnElements.push(els[i]);              }          }          return returnElements;      } }

用法：

var collections = getElementsByClassName( "red" );

但它还是不如原生的getElementsByClassName，不能同时检索多个class

< h2 class = "red cell title" >安装支持</ h2 >    < span class = "cell red  " >jjj</ span >    < div class = "filament_table  red cell" >这是DIV</ div >    #利用 var dd = getElementsByClassName("cell red") ，这三个元素都应该能被检索到！

因此，最最终的方案为：

var getElementsByClassName = function (searchClass, node,tag) {    if (document.getElementsByClassName){      var nodes =  (node || document).getElementsByClassName(searchClass),result = [];        for ( var i=0 ;node = nodes[i++];){          if (tag !== "*" && node.tagName === tag.toUpperCase()){            result.push(node)          } else {            result.push(node)          }        }        return result      } else {        node = node || document;        tag = tag || "*" ;        var classes = searchClass.split( " " ),        elements = (tag === "*" && node.all)? node.all : node.getElementsByTagName(tag),        patterns = [],        current,        match;        var i = classes.length;        while (--i >= 0){          patterns.push( new RegExp( "(^|\\s)" + classes[i] + "(\\s|$)" ));        }        var j = elements.length;        while (--j >= 0){          current = elements[j];          match = false ;          for ( var k=0, kl=patterns.length; k<kl; k++){            match = patterns[k].test(current.className);            if (!match)  break ;          }          if (match)  result.push(current);        }        return result;      }    }

 

 

 var getByClass=function (classname, parent, nodename) {
    var s = (parent || document).getElementsByTagName(nodename || "*");
    return function () {
        var a = [];
        for (var i = 0, j = s.length; i < j; i++) {
            if (!s[i].className) continue;
            var name = " " + s[i].className + " ";
            if (name.indexOf(" " + classname + " ") != -1) {
                a.push(s[i]);
            }
        }
        return a;
    } ();
}