NETWORK笔记8：VLAN

最新推荐文章于 2022-05-01 20:18:53 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2022-05-01 20:18:53 发布

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原文链接：http://blog.51cto.com/14019187/2318490

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交换机：学习、广播、转发、更新。二层交换机属于数据链路层设备。相同网段通交换。

路由器：识别数据包目标IP、源IP、发现和选择路径、维护路由信息。路由器属于网络层设备。不同网段通路由。

冲突域：物理层电信号冲突范围。

广播域：一个网段属于一个广播域。

Vlan:物理设备上连接不受物理位置限制的逻辑用户组。

相同网段交换，不同网段路由。交换机分割了冲突域不能分割广播域，为了分割广播域引入Vlan。

Vlan 2的12次方4096 0-4095 1-4094

Access模式:同一时刻传输一个Vlan无标签一般链接非交换机

Trunk模式：同一时刻传输多个Vlan带标签一般链接交换机

2018-11-16 16:49:51

实验名称：交换机配置Vlan

实验拓扑：

实验步骤：四台PC分别设置ip和子网掩码

192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0

192.168.1.2 255.255.255.0

192.168.1.3 255.255.255.0

192.168.1.4 255.255.255.0

创建Vlan

配置封端口模式

将端口加入Vlan

验证并保存

实验总结：相同Vlan通不同Vlan默认不通

华为交换机删除Vlan后端口自动回到Vlan1，有批量创建Vlan

思科交换机先移除端口再移除Vlan，无批量创建Vlan

实验华为交换机配置Vlan命令：

<Huawei>system-view

Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.

[Huawei]sysname HuaweiSwitch

[HuaweiSwitch]vlan 12 #创建Vlan12

[HuaweiSwitch-vlan12]description HAHA #描述 HAHA （思科name）

[HuaweiSwitch-vlan12]quit

[HuaweiSwitch]display vlan #显示 Vlan

The total number of vlans is : 2

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

U: Up; D: Down; TG: Tagged; UT: Untagged;

MP: Vlan-mapping; ST: Vlan-stacking;

#: ProtocolTransparent-vlan; *: Management-vlan;

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

VID Type Ports

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1 common UT:GE0/0/1(U) GE0/0/2(U) GE0/0/3(U) GE0/0/4(U)

GE0/0/5(D) GE0/0/6(D) GE0/0/7(D) GE0/0/8(D)

GE0/0/9(D) GE0/0/10(D) GE0/0/11(D) GE0/0/12(D)

GE0/0/13(D) GE0/0/14(D) GE0/0/15(D) GE0/0/16(D)

GE0/0/17(D) GE0/0/18(D) GE0/0/19(D) GE0/0/20(D)

GE0/0/21(D) GE0/0/22(D) GE0/0/23(D) GE0/0/24(D)

12 common

VID Status Property MAC-LRN Statistics Description

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1 enable default enable disable VLAN 0001

12 enable default enable disable HAHA

[HuaweiSwitch]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1

[HuaweiSwitch-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port link-type access #端口链接-类型访问

[HuaweiSwitch-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port default vlan 12 #端口默认 vlan12

[HuaweiSwitch-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit

[HuaweiSwitch]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/2

[HuaweiSwitch-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]port link-type access

[HuaweiSwitch-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]port default vlan 12

[HuaweiSwitch-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]quit

[HuaweiSwitch]vlan 34

[HuaweiSwitch-vlan34]description HEHE

[HuaweiSwitch-vlan34]quit

[HuaweiSwitch]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/3

[HuaweiSwitch-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]port link-type access

[HuaweiSwitch-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]port default vlan 34

[HuaweiSwitch-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]quit

[HuaweiSwitch]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/4

[HuaweiSwitch-GigabitEthernet0/0/4]port link-type access

[HuaweiSwitch-GigabitEthernet0/0/4]port default vlan 34

[HuaweiSwitch-GigabitEthernet0/0/4]quit

[HuaweiSwitch]display vlan

The total number of vlans is : 3

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

U: Up; D: Down; TG: Tagged; UT: Untagged;

MP: Vlan-mapping; ST: Vlan-stacking;

#: ProtocolTransparent-vlan; *: Management-vlan;

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

VID Type Ports

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1 common UT:GE0/0/5(D) GE0/0/6(D) GE0/0/7(D) GE0/0/8(D)

GE0/0/9(D) GE0/0/10(D) GE0/0/11(D) GE0/0/12(D)

GE0/0/13(D) GE0/0/14(D) GE0/0/15(D) GE0/0/16(D)

GE0/0/17(D) GE0/0/18(D) GE0/0/19(D) GE0/0/20(D)

GE0/0/21(D) GE0/0/22(D) GE0/0/23(D) GE0/0/24(D)

12 common UT:GE0/0/1(U) GE0/0/2(U)

34 common UT:GE0/0/3(U) GE0/0/4(U)

VID Status Property MAC-LRN Statistics Description

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1 enable default enable disable VLAN 0001

12 enable default enable disable HAHA

34 enable default enable disable HEHE

[HuaweiSwitch]quit

<HuaweiSwitch>save

[HuaweiSwitch]port-group 1 #端口-组 1

[HuaweiSwitch-port-group-1]group-member GigabitEthernet 0/0/1 GigabitEthernet 0/0/3 GigabitEthernet 0/0/5 #组-成员 1 3 5

[HuaweiSwitch-port-group-1]group-member GigabitEthernet 0/0/1 to GigabitEthernet 0/0/9 #组-成员 123456789

[HuaweiSwitch]port-group group-member GigabitEthernet 0/0/1 GigabitEthernet 0/0/3 GigabitEthernet 0/0/5

[HuaweiSwitch]port-group group-member GigabitEthernet 0/0/1 to GigabitEthernet 0/0/9

永久组临时组

<Huawei>system-view

[Huawei]sysname HuaweiSwitch

[HuaweiSwitch]vlan 1 #创建Vlan1

[HuaweiSwitch]vlan batch 1 3 5 #创建Vlan1 3 5

[HuaweiSwitch]vlan batch 1 to 9 #创建Vlan123456789

[HuaweiSwitch]undo vlan 1 #解开Vlan1

[HuaweiSwitch]undo vlan batch 1 3 5 #解开Vlan1 3 5

[HuaweiSwitch]undo vlan batch 1 to 9 #解开Vlan123456789

实验思科交换机配置Vlan命令：

Switch>enable

Switch#configure terminal

Switch(config)#hostname CiscoSwitch

CiscoSwitch(config)#no ip domain lookup //关闭IP域名查询

CiscoSwitch(config)#line console 0

CiscoSwitch(config-line)#exec-timeout 0 0 //超时退出（默认10分钟修改成0 0不退出）

CiscoSwitch#show vlan brief //显示 Vlan 简介

VLAN Name Status Ports

---- -------------------------------- --------- -------------------------------

1 default active Fa0/1, Fa0/2, Fa0/3, Fa0/4

Fa0/5, Fa0/6, Fa0/7, Fa0/8

Fa0/9, Fa0/10, Fa0/11, Fa0/12

Fa0/13, Fa0/14, Fa0/15, Fa0/16

Fa0/17, Fa0/18, Fa0/19, Fa0/20

Fa0/21, Fa0/22, Fa0/23, Fa0/24

Gig0/1, Gig0/2

1002 fddi-default active

1003 token-ring-default active

1004 fddinet-default active

1005 trnet-default active

CiscoSwitch#configure terminal

CiscoSwitch(config)#vlan 12 //Vlan12

CiscoSwitch(config-vlan)#name HAHA //Vlan名称HAHA

CiscoSwitch(config-vlan)#exit //返回上一模式

CiscoSwitch(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/1

CiscoSwitch(config-if)#no shutdown //启用（二层设备默认启用端口，这里为了养成习惯）

CiscoSwitch(config-if)#switchport mode access //交换机端口模式访问

CiscoSwitch(config-if)#switchport access vlan 12 //交换机端口访问 Vlan12 (此端口加入Vlan12)

CiscoSwitch(config-if)#exit

CiscoSwitch(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/2

CiscoSwitch(config-if)#no shutdown

CiscoSwitch(config-if)#switchport mode access

CiscoSwitch(config-if)#switchport access vlan 12

CiscoSwitch(config-if)#end

CiscoSwitch#show vlan brief

VLAN Name Status Ports

---- -------------------------------- --------- -------------------------------

1 default active Fa0/3, Fa0/4, Fa0/5, Fa0/6

Fa0/7, Fa0/8, Fa0/9, Fa0/10

Fa0/11, Fa0/12, Fa0/13, Fa0/14

Fa0/15, Fa0/16, Fa0/17, Fa0/18

Fa0/19, Fa0/20, Fa0/21, Fa0/22

Fa0/23, Fa0/24, Gig0/1, Gig0/2

12 HAHA active Fa0/1, Fa0/2

1002 fddi-default active

1003 token-ring-default active

1004 fddinet-default active

1005 trnet-default active

CiscoSwitch#

CiscoSwitch#configure terminal

CiscoSwitch(config)#vlan 34

CiscoSwitch(config-vlan)#name HEHE

CiscoSwitch(config-vlan)#exit

CiscoSwitch(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/3

CiscoSwitch(config-if)#no shutdown

CiscoSwitch(config-if)#switchport mode access

CiscoSwitch(config-if)#switchport access vlan 34

CiscoSwitch(config-if)#exit

CiscoSwitch(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/4

CiscoSwitch(config-if)#no shutdown

CiscoSwitch(config-if)#switchport mode access

CiscoSwitch(config-if)#switchport access vlan 34

CiscoSwitch(config-if)#end

CiscoSwitch#

CiscoSwitch#show vlan brief

VLAN Name Status Ports

---- -------------------------------- --------- -------------------------------

1 default active Fa0/5, Fa0/6, Fa0/7, Fa0/8

Fa0/9, Fa0/10, Fa0/11, Fa0/12

Fa0/13, Fa0/14, Fa0/15, Fa0/16

Fa0/17, Fa0/18, Fa0/19, Fa0/20

Fa0/21, Fa0/22, Fa0/23, Fa0/24

Gig0/1, Gig0/2

12 HAHA active Fa0/1, Fa0/2

34 HEHE active Fa0/3, Fa0/4

1002 fddi-default active

1003 token-ring-default active

1004 fddinet-default active

1005 trnet-default active

CiscoSwitch#

Switch>enable

Switch#configure terminal

Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.

Switch(config)#hostname CiscoRouter

CiscoRouter(config)#vlan 10

CiscoRouter(config-vlan)#name HEHE

CiscoRouter(config-vlan)#exit

CiscoRouter(config)#interface range fastEthernet 0/1,fas0/3,fas0/5 //接口范围 1 3 5 （接口135加入Vlan10）

CiscoRouter(config)#interface range fastEthernet 0/1-9 //接口范围 123456789（接口123456789加入Vlan10）

CiscoRouter(config-if-range)#switchport mode access

CiscoRouter(config-if-range)#switchport access Vlan 10

CiscoRouter(config-if-range)#end

CiscoRouter#show vlan brief

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

[Huawei]sysname HuaweiSwitch

[HuaweiSwitch]vlan batch 13 24

[HuaweiSwitch]vlan 13

[HuaweiSwitch-vlan13]description haha

[HuaweiSwitch-vlan13]vlan 24

[HuaweiSwitch-vlan24]description hehe

[HuaweiSwitch-vlan24]quit

[HuaweiSwitch]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1

[HuaweiSwitch-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port link-type access

[HuaweiSwitch-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port default vlan 13

[HuaweiSwitch-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit

[HuaweiSwitch]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/2

[HuaweiSwitch-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]port link-type access

[HuaweiSwitch-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]port default vlan 24

[HuaweiSwitch-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]quit

[HuaweiSwitch]display vlan

[HuaweiSwitch]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/24

[HuaweiSwitch-GigabitEthernet0/0/24]port link-type trunk

[HuaweiSwitch-GigabitEthernet0/0/24]port trunk allow-pass vlan all

[HuaweiSwitch-GigabitEthernet0/0/24]quit

[HuaweiSwitch]display port vlan

Port Link Type PVID Trunk VLAN List

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

GigabitEthernet0/0/1 access 13 -

GigabitEthernet0/0/2 access 24 -

GigabitEthernet0/0/3 hybrid 1 -

GigabitEthernet0/0/4 hybrid 1 -

GigabitEthernet0/0/5 hybrid 1 -

GigabitEthernet0/0/6 hybrid 1 -

GigabitEthernet0/0/7 hybrid 1 -

GigabitEthernet0/0/8 hybrid 1 -

GigabitEthernet0/0/9 hybrid 1 -

GigabitEthernet0/0/10 hybrid 1 -

GigabitEthernet0/0/11 hybrid 1 -

GigabitEthernet0/0/12 hybrid 1 -

GigabitEthernet0/0/13 hybrid 1 -

GigabitEthernet0/0/14 hybrid 1 -

GigabitEthernet0/0/15 hybrid 1 -

GigabitEthernet0/0/16 hybrid 1 -

GigabitEthernet0/0/17 hybrid 1 -

GigabitEthernet0/0/18 hybrid 1 -

GigabitEthernet0/0/19 hybrid 1 -

GigabitEthernet0/0/20 hybrid 1 -

GigabitEthernet0/0/21 hybrid 1 -

GigabitEthernet0/0/22 hybrid 1 -

GigabitEthernet0/0/23 hybrid 1 -

GigabitEthernet0/0/24 trunk 1 1-4094

[Huawei]sysname HuaweiSwitch2

[HuaweiSwitch2]vlan batch 13 24

[HuaweiSwitch2]vlan 13

[HuaweiSwitch2-vlan13]description haha

[HuaweiSwitch2-vlan13]quit

[HuaweiSwitch2]vlan 24

[HuaweiSwitch2-vlan24]description hehe

[HuaweiSwitch2-vlan24]quit

[HuaweiSwitch2]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1

[HuaweiSwitch2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port link-type access

[HuaweiSwitch2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port default vlan 13

[HuaweiSwitch2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit

[HuaweiSwitch2]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/2

[HuaweiSwitch2-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]port link-type access

[HuaweiSwitch2-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]port default vlan 24

[HuaweiSwitch2-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]quit

[HuaweiSwitch2]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/24

[HuaweiSwitch2-GigabitEthernet0/0/24]port link-type trunk

[HuaweiSwitch2-GigabitEthernet0/0/24]port trunk allow-pass vlan all

[HuaweiSwitch2-GigabitEthernet0/0/24]quit

[HuaweiSwitch2]display vlan

The total number of vlans is : 3

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

U: Up; D: Down; TG: Tagged; UT: Untagged;

MP: Vlan-mapping; ST: Vlan-stacking;

#: ProtocolTransparent-vlan; *: Management-vlan;

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

VID Type Ports

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1 common UT:GE0/0/3(D) GE0/0/4(D) GE0/0/5(D) GE0/0/6(D)

GE0/0/7(D) GE0/0/8(D) GE0/0/9(D) GE0/0/10(D)

GE0/0/11(D) GE0/0/12(D) GE0/0/13(D) GE0/0/14(D)

GE0/0/15(D) GE0/0/16(D) GE0/0/17(D) GE0/0/18(D)

GE0/0/19(D) GE0/0/20(D) GE0/0/21(D) GE0/0/22(D)

GE0/0/23(D) GE0/0/24(U)

13 common UT:GE0/0/1(U)

TG:GE0/0/24(U)

24 common UT:GE0/0/2(U)

TG:GE0/0/24(U)

VID Status Property MAC-LRN Statistics Description

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1 enable default enable disable VLAN 0001

13 enable default enable disable haha

24 enable default enable disable hehe

[HuaweiSwitch2]display port vlan

Port Link Type PVID Trunk VLAN List

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

GigabitEthernet0/0/1 access 13 -

GigabitEthernet0/0/2 access 24 -

GigabitEthernet0/0/3 hybrid 1 -

GigabitEthernet0/0/4 hybrid 1 -

GigabitEthernet0/0/5 hybrid 1 -

GigabitEthernet0/0/6 hybrid 1 -

GigabitEthernet0/0/7 hybrid 1 -

GigabitEthernet0/0/8 hybrid 1 -

GigabitEthernet0/0/9 hybrid 1 -

GigabitEthernet0/0/10 hybrid 1 -

GigabitEthernet0/0/11 hybrid 1 -

GigabitEthernet0/0/12 hybrid 1 -

GigabitEthernet0/0/13 hybrid 1 -

GigabitEthernet0/0/14 hybrid 1 -

GigabitEthernet0/0/15 hybrid 1 -

GigabitEthernet0/0/16 hybrid 1 -

GigabitEthernet0/0/17 hybrid 1 -

GigabitEthernet0/0/18 hybrid 1 -

GigabitEthernet0/0/19 hybrid 1 -

GigabitEthernet0/0/20 hybrid 1 -

GigabitEthernet0/0/21 hybrid 1 -

GigabitEthernet0/0/22 hybrid 1 -

GigabitEthernet0/0/23 hybrid 1 -

GigabitEthernet0/0/24 trunk 1 1-4094

[HuaweiSwitch2]quit

<HuaweiSwitch2>save

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Switch>enable

Switch#configure terminal

Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.

Switch(config)#hostname CiscoSwitch

CiscoSwitch(config)#no ip domain lookup

CiscoSwitch(config)#vlan 13

CiscoSwitch(config-vlan)#name haha

CiscoSwitch(config-vlan)#vlan 24

CiscoSwitch(config-vlan)#name hehe

CiscoSwitch(config-vlan)#exit

CiscoSwitch(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/1

CiscoSwitch(config-if)#no shutdown

CiscoSwitch(config-if)#switchport mode access

CiscoSwitch(config-if)#switchport access vlan 13

CiscoSwitch(config-if)#exit

CiscoSwitch(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/2

CiscoSwitch(config-if)#no shutdown

CiscoSwitch(config-if)#switchport mode access

CiscoSwitch(config-if)#switchport access vlan 24

CiscoSwitch(config-if)#exit

CiscoSwitch(config)#interface fa

CiscoSwitch(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/24

CiscoSwitch(config-if)#no shutdown

CiscoSwitch(config-if)#switchport mode trunk //交换机接口模式 trunk

CiscoSwitch(config-if)#end

CiscoSwitch#show interface trunk //显示接口 trunk

Port Mode Encapsulation Status Native vlan

Fa0/24 on 802.1q trunking 1

Port Vlans allowed on trunk

Fa0/24 1-1005

Port Vlans allowed and active in management domain

Fa0/24 1,13,24

Port Vlans in spanning tree forwarding state and not pruned

Fa0/24 1,13,24

CiscoSwitch#show vlan brief

VLAN Name Status Ports

---- -------------------------------- --------- -------------------------------

1 default active Fa0/3, Fa0/4, Fa0/5, Fa0/6

Fa0/7, Fa0/8, Fa0/9, Fa0/10

Fa0/11, Fa0/12, Fa0/13, Fa0/14

Fa0/15, Fa0/16, Fa0/17, Fa0/18

Fa0/19, Fa0/20, Fa0/21, Fa0/22

Fa0/23, Gig0/1, Gig0/2

13 haha active Fa0/1

24 hehe active Fa0/2

1002 fddi-default active

1003 token-ring-default active

1004 fddinet-default active

1005 trnet-default active

CiscoSwitch#write

Switch>enable

Switch#configure terminal

Switch(config)#hostname CiscoSwitch2

CiscoSwitch2(config)#no ip domain look up

CiscoSwitch2(config)#vlan 13

CiscoSwitch2(config-vlan)#name haha

CiscoSwitch2(config-vlan)#vlan 24

CiscoSwitch2(config-vlan)#name hehe

CiscoSwitch2(config-vlan)#exit

CiscoSwitch2(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/1

CiscoSwitch2(config-if)#no shutdown

CiscoSwitch2(config-if)#switchport mode access

CiscoSwitch2(config-if)#switchport access vlan 13

CiscoSwitch2(config-if)#exit

CiscoSwitch2(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/2

CiscoSwitch2(config-if)#no shutdown

CiscoSwitch2(config-if)#switchport mode access

CiscoSwitch2(config-if)#switchport access vlan 24

CiscoSwitch2(config-if)#exit

CiscoSwitch2(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/24

CiscoSwitch2(config-if)#no shutdown

CiscoSwitch2(config-if)#switchport mode trunk

CiscoSwitch2(config-if)#end

CiscoSwitch2#show vlan brief

VLAN Name Status Ports

---- -------------------------------- --------- -------------------------------

1 default active Fa0/3, Fa0/4, Fa0/5, Fa0/6

Fa0/7, Fa0/8, Fa0/9, Fa0/10

Fa0/11, Fa0/12, Fa0/13, Fa0/14

Fa0/15, Fa0/16, Fa0/17, Fa0/18

Fa0/19, Fa0/20, Fa0/21, Fa0/22

Fa0/23, Gig0/1, Gig0/2

13 haha active Fa0/1

24 hehe active Fa0/2

1002 fddi-default active

1003 token-ring-default active

1004 fddinet-default active

1005 trnet-default active

CiscoSwitch2#show interface trunk

Port Mode Encapsulation Status Native vlan

Fa0/24 on 802.1q trunking 1

Port Vlans allowed on trunk

Fa0/24 1-1005

Port Vlans allowed and active in management domain

Fa0/24 1,13,24

Port Vlans in spanning tree forwarding state and not pruned

Fa0/24 1,13,24

CiscoSwitch2#write

转载于:https://blog.51cto.com/14019187/2318490

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