Python使用multiprocessing实现一个最简单的分布式作业调度系统

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Python使用multiprocessing实现一个最简单的分布式作业调度系统

介绍

Python的multiprocessing模块不但支持多进程，其中managers子模块还支持把多进程分布到多台机器上。一个服务进程可以作为调度者，将任务分布到其他多个机器的多个进程中，依靠网络通信。

想到这，就在想是不是可以使用此模块来实现一个简单的作业调度系统。

实现

Job

首先创建一个Job类，为了测试简单，只包含一个job id属性

job.py

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

class Job:

    def __init__(self, job_id):

        self.job_id = job_id

Master

Master用来派发作业和显示运行完成的作业信息

master.py

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

from Queue import Queue
from multiprocessing.managers import BaseManager
from job import Job

class Master:

    def __init__(self):
        # 派发出去的作业队列
        self.dispatched_job_queue = Queue()

        # 完成的作业队列
        self.finished_job_queue = Queue()

    def get_dispatched_job_queue(self):
        return self.dispatched_job_queue

    def get_finished_job_queue(self):
        return self.finished_job_queue

    def start(self):
        # 把派发作业队列和完成作业队列注册到网络上
        BaseManager.register('get_dispatched_job_queue', callable=self.get_dispatched_job_queue)
        BaseManager.register('get_finished_job_queue', callable=self.get_finished_job_queue)

        # 监听端口和启动服务
        manager = BaseManager(address=('0.0.0.0', 8888), authkey='jobs')
        manager.start()

        # 使用上面注册的方法获取队列
        dispatched_jobs = manager.get_dispatched_job_queue()
        finished_jobs = manager.get_finished_job_queue()

        # 这里一次派发10个作业，等到10个作业都运行完后，继续再派发10个作业
        job_id = 0
        while True:
            for i in range(0, 10):
                job_id = job_id + 1
                job = Job(job_id)
                print('Dispatch job: %s' % job.job_id)
                dispatched_jobs.put(job)

            while not dispatched_jobs.empty():
                job = finished_jobs.get(60)
                print('Finished Job: %s' % job.job_id)
        manager.shutdown()
if __name__ == "__main__":
    master = Master()
    master.start()

Slave

Slave用来运行master派发的作业并将结果返回

slave.py

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

import time
from Queue import Queue
from multiprocessing.managers import BaseManager
from job import Job

class Slave:
    def __init__(self):
        # 派发出去的作业队列
        self.dispatched_job_queue = Queue()
        # 完成的作业队列
        self.finished_job_queue = Queue()

    def start(self):
        # 把派发作业队列和完成作业队列注册到网络上
        BaseManager.register('get_dispatched_job_queue')
        BaseManager.register('get_finished_job_queue')

        # 连接master
        server = '127.0.0.1'
        print('Connect to server %s...' % server)
        manager = BaseManager(address=(server, 8888), authkey='jobs')
        manager.connect()

        # 使用上面注册的方法获取队列
        dispatched_jobs = manager.get_dispatched_job_queue()
        finished_jobs = manager.get_finished_job_queue()

        # 运行作业并返回结果，这里只是模拟作业运行，所以返回的是接收到的作业
        while True:
            job = dispatched_jobs.get(timeout=1)
            print('Run job: %s ' % job.job_id)
            time.sleep(1)
            finished_jobs.put(job)
if __name__ == "__main__":
    slave = Slave()
    slave.start()

测试

分别打开三个linux终端，第一个终端运行master，第二个和第三个终端用了运行slave，运行结果如下

master

$ python master.py 
Dispatch job: 1

Dispatch job: 2

Dispatch job: 3

Dispatch job: 4

Dispatch job: 5

Dispatch job: 6

Dispatch job: 7

Dispatch job: 8

Dispatch job: 9

Dispatch job: 10

Finished Job: 1

Finished Job: 2

Finished Job: 3

Finished Job: 4

Finished Job: 5

Finished Job: 6

Finished Job: 7

Finished Job: 8

Finished Job: 9

Dispatch job: 11

Dispatch job: 12

Dispatch job: 13

Dispatch job: 14

Dispatch job: 15

Dispatch job: 16

Dispatch job: 17

Dispatch job: 18

Dispatch job: 19

Dispatch job: 20

Finished Job: 10

Finished Job: 11

Finished Job: 12

Finished Job: 13

Finished Job: 14

Finished Job: 15

Finished Job: 16

Finished Job: 17

Finished Job: 18

Dispatch job: 21

Dispatch job: 22

Dispatch job: 23

Dispatch job: 24

Dispatch job: 25

Dispatch job: 26

Dispatch job: 27

Dispatch job: 28

Dispatch job: 29

Dispatch job: 30

slave1

?

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

<code class="language-shell hljs mathematica">$ python slave.py Connect to server 127.0.0.1... Run job: 1 Run job: 2 Run job: 3 Run job: 5 Run job: 7 Run job: 9 Run job: 11 Run job: 13 Run job: 15 Run job: 17 Run job: 19 Run job: 21 Run job: 23 </code>

slave2

?

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

<code class="language-shell hljs mathematica">$ python slave.py Connect to server 127.0.0.1... Run job: 4 Run job: 6 Run job: 8 Run job: 10 Run job: 12 Run job: 14 Run job: 16 Run job: 18 Run job: 20 Run job: 22 Run job: 24 </code>

转载于:https://my.oschina.net/mickelfeng/blog/1304489