signature=083a9da01dc755cfcb78dc3f9078b22f,Signatures of an eruptive phase before the explosion of t...

摘要：

We present photometric and spectroscopic analysis of the peculiar core-collapse supernova (SN) 2013gc, spanning 7 yr of observations. The light curve shows an early maximum followed by a fast decline and a phase of almost constant luminosity. At +200 d from maximum, a brightening of 1 mag is observed in all bands, followed by a steep linear luminosity decline after +300 d. In archival images taken between 1.5 and 2.5 yr before the explosion, a weak source is visible at the supernova location, with mag ≈20. The early supernova spectra show Balmer lines, with a narrow (560 km s1) P-Cygni absorption superimposed on a broad (3400 km s1) component, typical of Type IIn events. Through a comparison of colour curves, absolute light curves, and spectra of SN 2013gc with a sample of supernovae IIn, we conclude that SN 2013gc is a member of the so-called Type IId subgroup. The complex profile of the H α line suggests a composite circumstellar medium geometry, with a combination of lower velocity, spherically symmetric gas, and a more rapidly expanding bilobed feature. This circumstellar medium distribution has been likely formed through major mass-loss events that we directly observed from 3 yr before the explosion. The modest luminosity (MI 16.5 near maximum) of SN 2013gc at all phases, the very small amount of ejected 56Ni (of the order of 103 M⊙), the major pre-supernova stellar activity, and the lack of prominent [O i] lines in the late-time spectra support a fall-back core-collapse scenario for the massive progenitor of SN 2013gc.

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