虽然现在linux的软件包安装有很多方式,(最常用的有 rpm yum)但他们也还是有各自的优点和缺点的,当然用什么安装方式根据个人的需求而定,之前写过一篇关于软件包安装的,现在在给大家介绍一种功能更为强大的安装方式;
主要适合安装比较新的软件
首先介绍一下源码安装的顺序
当我们从网站上下载了需要的最新的软件包之后所要做的第一步肯定是要进行解压拆包了,因为我们下载的都是压塑包,记得在拆解时一定要把拆解的东西放在一个自己找得到的有比较常用的地方,便于需找,进行安装时也会更方便,在对文件进行拆包时需要指明安装目录和配置文件的存放目录,然后进行安装就可以,但不会是一帆风顺的,在安装时你可能会遇到很多的问题,一个一个把他解决就行了,虽然麻烦但也是很重要的,下面以http的安装为例介绍一下源码安装的具体过程以及有可能遇到的问题
源码安装:
#####################安装时只要具备以下四种环境就可以进行安装否则缺少哪一种就要安装哪一种
[root@localhost ~]# yum grouplist |less
Trying other mirror.
Loaded plugins: rhnplugin, security
Setting up Group Process
Installed Groups:
Administration Tools
Authoring and Publishing
Development Libraries
Development Tools
Editors
GNOME Desktop Environment
GNOME Software Development
Games and Entertainment
Graphical Internet
Graphics
Legacy Network Server
Legacy Software Development
Legacy Software Support
Mail Server
Network Servers
Office/Productivity
Printing Support
Server Configuration Tools
Legacy Software Development
Legacy Software Support
Mail Server
Network Servers
Office/Productivity
Printing Support
Server Configuration Tools
Sound and Video
System Tools
Text-based Internet
X Software Development
#####################源码安装时有两种库文件:
/lib
/usr/lib
#####################动态库:效率低,升级库时对代码无影响
#####################静态库:效率高, 作为代码的一部分参加编译,在升级时会有影响( 一般以 .a 结尾)
#####################头文件:
/include
/uer/include
##################### 我们的的源码一般是这种格式的 .tar.gz .tar.bz2 因此我们#####################要先对源码进行拆解
#####################拆解位置: /usr/local/src
#####################安装位置: /usr/local/文件名称
./configure选项:
--prefix 指明安装目录
--sysconfdir 指明配置文件存放的位置
--enable 打开选项
--disable 关闭选项
源码安装httpd-2.4 下载网址http://httpd.aparche.org
##################### 把httpd 的源码安装文件导入到linux的/root目录下
#####################查看:文件是否导入
[root@localhost ~]# ll
total 6524
-rw------- 1 root root 1161 Aug 10 19:13 anaconda-ks.cfg
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 982243 Aug 13 14:05 apr-1.4.6.tar.gz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 829779 Aug 13 14:05 apr-util-1.5.1.tar.gz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4780289 Aug 13 14:05 httpd-2.4.4.tar.bz2
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 38446 Aug 10 19:09 install.log
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3995 Aug 10 18:59 install.log.syslog
#####################对httpd-2.4.4.tar.bz2进行拆解并放在 /usr/local/src目录下
[root@localhost ~]# tar -jxvf httpd-2.4.4.tar.bz2 -C /usr/local/src/
[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/local/src
[root@localhost src]# ll
total 4
drwxr-xr-x 11 501 games 4096 Feb 18 15:28 httpd-2.4.4
[root@localhost src]# cd httpd-2.4.4/
[root@localhost httpd-2.4.4]# ls
ABOUT_APACHE configure.in modules
acinclude.m4 docs NOTICE
Apache-apr2.dsw emacs-style NWGNUmakefile
Apache.dsw httpd.dsp os
apache_probes.d httpd.spec README
ap.d include README.platforms
build INSTALL ROADMAP
BuildAll.dsp InstallBin.dsp server
BuildBin.dsp LAYOUT srclib
buildconf libhttpd.dsp support
CHANGES LICENSE test
config.layout Makefile.in VERSIONING
configure Makefile.win
#####################指明安装目录和配置文档的目录
[root@localhost httpd-2.4.4]# ./configure --prefix=/sur/local/apache --sysconfdir=/etc/apache
checking for chosen layout... Apache
checking for working mkdir -p... yes
checking for grep that handles long lines and -e... /bin/grep
checking for egrep... /bin/grep -E
checking build system type... i686-pc-linux-gnu
checking host system type... i686-pc-linux-gnu
checking target system type... i686-pc-linux-gnu
configure:
configure: Configuring Apache Portable Runtime library...
configure:
checking for APR... no
configure: error: APR not found. Please read the documentation.
#####################当在进行源码安装时机器会对安装环境进行检测,如果不具备安装#####################环境机安装时会报错由上可以看到APR没有安装
#####################查看自己的机器有没有安装 APR 包
[root@localhost httpd-2.4.4]# rpm -qa |grep -i apr
xorg-x11-drv-dynapro-1.1.0-2
apr-1.2.7-11.el5_3.1
apr-util-1.2.7-7.el5_3.2
#####################可以看到已经安装了但是还少了一个关于库文件的安装包没有装
安装
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -ivh /mnt/cdrom/Server/apr-devel-1.2.7-11.el5_3.1.i386.rpm
Preparing... ########################################### [100%]
1:apr-devel ########################################### [100%]
#####################此时在执行httpd的安装配置
[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/local/src
[root@localhost src]# ll
total 4
drwxr-xr-x 11 501 games 4096 Aug 13 14:34 httpd-2.4.4
[root@localhost src]# cd httpd-2.4.4/
[root@localhost httpd-2.4.4]# ./configure --prefix=/sur/local/apache --sysconfdir=/etc/apache
checking for chosen layout... Apache
checking for working mkdir -p... yes
checking for grep that handles long lines and -e... /bin/grep
checking for egrep... /bin/grep -E
checking build system type... i686-pc-linux-gnu
checking host system type... i686-pc-linux-gnu
checking target system type... i686-pc-linux-gnu
configure:
configure: Configuring Apache Portable Runtime library...
configure:
checking for APR... configure: WARNING: APR version 1.4.0 or later is required, found 1.2.7
configure: WARNING: skipped APR at apr-1-config, version not acceptable
no
configure: error: APR not found. Please read the documentation.
#####################可以看到 APR的版本过低现在我们去升级APR 的版本,版本必须#####################是1.4.0及以上的版本
#####################安装 apr的相关软件
[root@localhost ~]# tar -zxvf apr-1.4.6.tar.gz -C /usr/local/src
[root@localhost ~]# tar -zxvf apr-util-1.5.1.tar.gz -C /usr/local/src
#####################
#####################安装 apr的配置文件
[root@localhost apr-1.4.6]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr
[root@localhost apr-1.4.6]# make install
进入系统的库文件下为apr的库文件创建连接文件
[root@localhost include]# ln -s /usr/local/apr/include/apr-1/* .
[root@localhost include]# cd /etc/ld.so.conf.d
[root@localhost ld.so.conf.d]# vim apr.conf
/usr/local/apr/lib
#####################更新缓存并查看
[root@localhost ld.so.conf.d]# ldconfig
[root@localhost ld.so.conf.d]# ldconfig -pv |grep apr
libgstdataprotocol-0.10.so.0 (libc6) => /usr/lib/libgstdataprotocol-0.10.so.0
libaprutil-1.so.0 (libc6) => /usr/lib/libaprutil-1.so.0
libapr-1.so.0 (libc6) => /usr/local/apr/lib/libapr-1.so.0
libapr-1.so.0 (libc6) => /usr/lib/libapr-1.so.0
libapr-1.so (libc6) => /usr/local/apr/lib/libapr-1.so
libapr-1.so (libc6) => /usr/lib/libapr-1.so
#####################安装apr的工具包
[root@localhost apr-util-1.5.1]#./configure--prefix=/usr/local/apr-util --with-apr=/usr/local/apr/bin/apr-1-config
[root@localhost apr-util-1.5.1]# make
[root@localhost apr-util-1.5.1]# make install
#####################再次安装httpd的配置文件
[root@localhost httpd-2.4.4]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache --sysconfdir=/etc/apache --with-apr=/usr/local/apr/bin/apr-1-config --with-apr-util=/usr/local/apr-util/
checking for chosen layout... Apache
checking for working mkdir -p... yes
checking for grep that handles long lines and -e... /bin/grep
checking for egrep... /bin/grep -E
checking build system type... i686-pc-linux-gnu
checking host system type... i686-pc-linux-gnu
checking target system type... i686-pc-linux-gnu
configure:
configure: Configuring Apache Portable Runtime library...
configure:
checking for APR... yes
setting CC to "gcc"
setting CPP to "gcc -E"
setting CFLAGS to " -g -O2 -pthread"
setting CPPFLAGS to " -DLINUX=2 -D_REENTRANT -D_GNU_SOURCE -D_LARGEFILE64_SOURCE"
setting LDFLAGS to " "
configure:
configure: Configuring Apache Portable Runtime Utility library...
configure:
checking for APR-util... yes
checking for gcc... gcc
checking whether the C compiler works... yes
checking for C compiler default output file name... a.out
checking for suffix of executables...
checking whether we are cross compiling... no
checking for suffix of object files... o
checking whether we are using the GNU C compiler... yes
checking whether gcc accepts -g... yes
checking for gcc option to accept ISO C89... none needed
checking how to run the C preprocessor... gcc -E
checking for gcc option to accept ISO C99... -std=gnu99
checking for pcre-config... false
configure: error: pcre-config for libpcre not found. PCRE is required and available from http://pcre.org/
#####################可以看到pcre 出错
#####################查看 pcre 有没有安装
[root@localhost httpd-2.4.4]# rpm -qa |grep pcre
pcre-6.6-2.el5_1.7
#####################可以看他的库文件没有安装
#####################安装pcre的库文件安装包
[root@localhost httpd-2.4.4]# rpm -ivh /mnt/cdrom/Server/pcre-devel-6.6-2.el5_1.7.i386.rpm
Preparing... ########################################### [100%]
1:pcre-devel ########################################### [100%]
#####################
#####################再次执行httpd的配置文件
[root@localhost httpd-2.4.4]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache --sysconfdir=/etc/apache --with-apr=/usr/local/apr/bin/apr-1-config --with-apr-util=/usr/local/apr-util/
#####################成功
[root@localhost httpd-2.4.4]# make
[root@localhost httpd-2.4.4]# make install
#####################为httpde 的头文件创建链接文件
[root@localhost apache]# cd /usr/include
[root@localhost include]# ln -s /usr/local/apache/include/* .
#####################为httpd 的库文件创建链接文件
[root@localhost include]# cd /etc/ld.so.conf.d
[root@localhost ld.so.conf.d]# vim apache.conf
/usr/local/apache/modules
~
#####################重新加载
[root@localhost ld.so.conf.d]# ldconfig
#####################此时http已经安装成功了
转载于:https://blog.51cto.com/smilesmile/1272336
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