1 操作系统及Oracle版本
Linux版本:Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 update 3
Oracle版本:Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2.0.1.0) for Linux x86-64
2 硬件环境检查
2.1 内存要求
物理内存要求:
至少4G,查看物理内存命令:
# grep MemTotal /proc/meminfo
虚拟内存要求:
物理内存4-8G,要求虚拟内存为2倍物理内存;
物理内存8-32G,要求虚拟内存为1.5倍物理内存;
物理内存32G,要求虚拟内存为32G;
查看虚拟内存命令:
# grep SwapTotal /proc/meminfo
增加虚拟内存示例:
# dd if=/dev/zero f=/swapadd bs=1024 count=2006424
# mkswap /swapadd
# swapon /swapadd
2.2 存储空间要求
/tmp目录下需至少1G空间
# df -h /tmp
如果不足1G需设置oracle用户的TMP和TMPDIR环境变量。
对数据库安装目录,需至少4.35G空间,对数据文件目录,需至少1.68G空间。
3 软件环境检查
2.1 内核版本要求
需满足:2.6.18 or later
检查命令:
# uname -r
2.2 系统包要求
以下系统包或以上版本(32个)必须满足:
binutils-2.17.50.0.6
compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3
compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3 (32 bit)
elfutils-libelf-0.125
elfutils-libelf-devel-0.125
gcc-4.1.2
gcc-c++-4.1.2
glibc-2.5-24
glibc-2.5-24 (32 bit)
glibc-common-2.5
glibc-devel-2.5
glibc-devel-2.5 (32 bit)
glibc-headers-2.5
ksh-20060214
libaio-0.3.106
libaio-0.3.106 (32 bit)
libaio-devel-0.3.106
libaio-devel-0.3.106 (32 bit)
libgcc-4.1.2
libgcc-4.1.2 (32 bit)
libstdc++-4.1.2
libstdc++-4.1.2 (32 bit)
libstdc++-devel 4.1.2
make-3.81
numactl-devel-0.9.8.x86_64
sysstat-7.0.2
unixODBC-2.2.11
unixODBC-2.2.11 (32 bit)
unixODBC-devel-2.2.11
elfutils-libelf-devel-static-0.125
kernel-headers-2.6.18
libgomp-4.1.2
检查命令:
# rpm -q package_name
安装包目录:
安装命令示例:
# rpm -ivh unixODBC-devel-2.2.11-7.1.i386.rpm
SCB UPRR check情况如下:
命令 | 结果 | 是否满足 |
rpm -q binutils | binutils-2.17.50.0.6-8.el5 | 满足 |
rpm -q compat-libstdc++-33 | not installed | |
rpm -q compat-libstdc++-33 | not installed | |
rpm -q elfutils-libelf | elfutils-libelf-0.137-3.el5 | 满足 |
rpm -q elfutils-libelf-devel | not installed | |
rpm -q gcc | not installed | |
rpm -q gcc-c++ | not installed | |
rpm -q glibc | glibc-2.5-31 | 满足 |
rpm -q glibc | glibc-2.5-31 | 满足 |
rpm -q glibc-common | glibc-common-2.5-31 | 满足 |
rpm -q glibc-devel | not installed | |
rpm -q glibc-devel | not installed | |
rpm -q glibc-headers | not installed | |
rpm -q ksh | ksh-20080202-2.el5 | 满足 |
rpm -q libaio | libaio-0.3.106-3.2 | 满足 |
rpm -q libaio | libaio-0.3.106-3.2 | 满足 |
rpm -q libaio-devel | not installed | |
rpm -q libaio-devel | not installed | |
rpm -q libgcc | libgcc-4.1.2-44.el5 | 满足 |
rpm -q libgcc | libgcc-4.1.2-44.el5 | 满足 |
rpm -q libstdc++ | libstdc++-4.1.2-44.el5 | 满足 |
rpm -q libstdc++ | libstdc++-4.1.2-44.el5 | 满足 |
rpm -q libstdc++-devel | not installed | |
rpm -q make | make-3.81-3.el5 | 满足 |
rpm -q numactl-devel | not installed | |
rpm -q sysstat | not installed | |
rpm -q unixODBC | not installed | |
rpm -q unixODBC | not installed | |
rpm -q unixODBC-devel | not installed | |
rpm -q elfutils-libelf-devel-static | not installed | |
rpm -q kernel-headers | kernel-headers-2.6.18-120.el5 | 满足 |
rpm -q libgomp | not installed |
经检查,SCB UPRR生产环境需安装以下补丁包:
# rpm -ivh compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-61.x86_64.rpm
# rpm -ivh compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-61.i386.rpm
# rpm -ivh elfutils-libelf-devel-static-0.137-3.el5.x86_64.rpm elfutils-libelf-devel-0.137-3.el5.x86_64.rpm
# rpm -ivh glibc-headers-2.5-34.x86_64.rpm --nodeps --force
# rpm -ivh glibc-devel-2.5-34.x86_64.rpm --nodeps --force
# rpm -ivh glibc-devel-2.5-34.i386.rpm --nodeps --force
# rpm -ivh gcc-4.1.2-44.el5.x86_64.rpm libgomp-4.3.2-7.el5.x86_64.rpm
# rpm -ivh libaio-devel-0.3.106-3.2.x86_64.rpm
# rpm -ivh libaio-devel-0.3.106-3.2.i386.rpm
# rpm -ivh libstdc++-devel-4.1.2-44.el5.x86_64.rpm
# rpm -ivh numactl-devel-0.9.8-7.el5.x86_64.rpm
# rpm -ivh sysstat-7.0.2-3.el5.x86_64.rpm
# rpm -ivh unixODBC-2.2.11-7.1.x86_64.rpm
# rpm -ivh unixODBC-2.2.11-7.1.i386.rpm
# rpm -ivh unixODBC-devel-2.2.11-7.1.x86_64.rpm
# rpm -ivh gcc-c++-4.1.2-48.el5.x86_64.rpm --nodeps --force
4 创建组及用户
# /usr/sbin/groupadd oinstall
# /usr/sbin/groupadd dba
# /usr/sbin/useradd -g oinstall -G dba oracle
# passwd oracle
5 配置内核参数
5.1 检查内核参数
下表为需要检查的内核参数、最小值、检查命令、及参数文件路径:
参数 | 最小值 | 检查命令 | 文件路径 |
semmsl | 250 | # /sbin/sysctl -a | grep sem | /proc/sys/kernel/sem |
semmns | 32000 | ||
semopm | 100 | ||
semmni | 128 | ||
shmall | 2097152 | # /sbin/sysctl -a | grep shm | /proc/sys/kernel/shmall |
shmmax | 4GB-1byte或物理内存的一半,两者最小值. Default: 536870912 | /proc/sys/kernel/shmmax | |
shmmni | 4096 | /proc/sys/kernel/shmmni | |
file-max | 6815744 | # /sbin/sysctl -a | grep file-max | /proc/sys/fs/file-max |
ip_local_port_range | Minimum: 9000 Maximum: 65500 | # /sbin/sysctl -a | grep ip_local_port_range | /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_local_port_range |
rmem_default | 262144 | # /sbin/sysctl -a | grep rmem_default | /proc/sys/net/core/rmem_default |
rmem_max | 4194304 | # /sbin/sysctl -a | grep rmem_max | /proc/sys/net/core/rmem_max |
wmem_default | 262144 | # /sbin/sysctl -a | grep wmem_default | /proc/sys/net/core/wmem_default |
wmem_max | 1048576 | # /sbin/sysctl -a | grep wmem_max | /proc/sys/net/core/wmem_max |
aio-max-nr | Maximum: 1048576 | # cat/proc/sys/fs/aio-max-nr | /proc/sys/fs/aio-max-nr |
对于需要修改的参数,要在/etc/sysctl.conf(如果没有该文件则创建)中修改。如果该文件中存在参数配置,直接修改,否则增加新行。
以下是对SCB UPRR生产环境的分析:
Oracle推荐设置 /etc/sysctl.conf是否需修改,如何修改
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128 ##修改,增加本行
kernel.shmall = 2097152 ##满足,无需增加或修改
kernel.shmmax = 536870912 ##满足,无需增加或修改
kernel.shmmni = 4096 ##满足,无需增加或修改
fs.file-max = 6815744 ##修改,增加本行
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500 ##修改,增加本行,
net.core.rmem_default = 262144 ##修改,增加本行
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304 ##修改,增加本行
net.core.wmem_default = 262144 ##修改,增加本行
net.core.wmem_max = 1048586 ##修改,增加本行
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576 ##修改,增加本行
5.2 修改内核参数
经上述分析,SCB UPRR生产环境在/etc/sysctl.conf中无参数修改,但有参数增加,增加内容如下:
# vi /etc/sysctl.conf
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
fs.file-max = 6815744
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048586
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
修改后,使设置生效:
# /sbin/sysctl -p
执行生效命令后,再次检查确认参数设置:
# /sbin/sysctl -a
6 用户限制设置
6.1用户文件限制检查
切换到安装用户oracle
# su - oracle
检查以下参数是否在推荐的范围内
Type | Item | Recommended Ranges | Command |
soft | nofile | at least 1024 | $ ulimit -Sn |
hard | nofile | at least 65536 | $ ulimit -Hn |
soft | nproc | at least 2047 | $ ulimit -Su |
hard | nproc | at least 16384 | $ ulimit -Hu |
soft | stack | at least 10240 KB | $ ulimit -Ss |
hard | stack | at least 10240 KB at most 32768 KB | $ ulimit -Hs |
6.2修改用户限制
$ su - root
在文件/etc/security/limits.conf中加入以下内容:
# vi /etc/security/limits.conf
oracle soft nofile 1024
oracle hard nofile 65536
oracle soft nproc 2047
oracle hard nproc 16384
在/etc/pam.d/login中增加以下内容:
vi /etc/pam.d/login
session required /lib/security/pam_limits.so
session required pam_limits.so
在/etc/profile中加入以下内容:
# vi /etc/profile
if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then
if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
ulimit -p 16384
ulimit -n 65536
else
ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
fi
fi
7 关闭SELinux
# vi /etc/sysconfig/selinux
#SELINUX=enforcing
SELINUX=disabled
8 创建安装目录
# mkdir -p /u01/app/
# chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/app/
# chmod -R 775 /u01/app/
9 设置环境变量
# su - oracle
$ vi ~/.bash_profile
umask 022
export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
export ORACLE_SID=uprr
$ source /home/oracle/.bash_profile
$ unset ORACLE_HOME
$ unset TNS_ADMIN
注意,除了ORACLE_BASE和ORACLE_SID,( /etc/profile和.bash_profile中)不设置任何oracle相关环境变量(ORACLE_HOME, PATH, LD_LIBRARY_PATH等)。
检查环境变量:
$ env | more
检查用户文件权限掩码:
$ umask
10 静默安装软件
10.1 创建oraInst.loc
$ su - root
# vi /etc/oraInst.loc
inventory_loc=/u01/app/oracle/oraInventory
inst_group=oinstall
# chown oracle:oinstall /etc/oraInst.loc
# chmod 664 /etc/oraInst.loc
10.2 创建响应文件
# su - oracle
仅安装Oracle软件的响应文件UPRR_INSTALL_DB_SWONLY.rsp
oracle.install.responseFileVersion=/oracle/install/rspfmt_dbinstall_response_schema_v11_2_0
oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY
ORACLE_HOSTNAME=build001
UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall
INVENTORY_LOCATION=/u01/app/oracle/oraInventory
SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en,zh_CN,zh_TW
ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1
ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE
oracle.install.db.isCustomInstall=false
oracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP=dba
oracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP=dba
DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true
创建数据库的响应文件UPRR_DBCA.rsp
[GENERAL]
RESPONSEFILE_VERSION = "11.2.0"
OPERATION_TYPE = "createDatabase"
[CREATEDATABASE]
GDBNAME = "uprr"
SID = "uprr"
TEMPLATENAME = "General_Purpose.dbc"
SYSPASSWORD = "oracle"
SYSTEMPASSWORD = "oracle"
DATAFILEDESTINATION = "/u01/app/oracle/oradata"
RECOVERYAREADESTINATION= "/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area"
CHARACTERSET = "ZHS16GBK"
NATIONALCHARACTERSET= "AL16UTF16"
NET配置的响应文件使用Oracle默认即可,无需修改,该文件在Oracle安装包的路径:
$cp database/response/netca.rsp /home/oracle/UPRR_NETCA.rsp
$ su - root
# chmod 700 /home/oracle/UPRR_INSTALL_DB_SWONLY.rsp
10.3 安装Oracle
安装:
# su - oracle
$ cd database
$ ./runInstaller -silent -debug -force -responseFile /home/oracle/UPRR_INSTALL_DB_SWONLY.rsp
备注:(可选参数-noconfig -IgnoreSysPreReqs)
出现类似如下提示表示安装完成:
#-------------------------------------------------------------------
...
/u01/app/oracle/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh
/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/root.sh
To execute the configuration scripts:
1. Open a terminal window
2. Log in as "root"
3. Run the scripts
4. Return to this window and hit "Enter" key to continue
Successfully Setup Software.
#-------------------------------------------------------------------
安装期间查看安装日志信息了解安装进度
$ cd $ORACLE_BASE/oraInventory/logs
$ tail -100f installActions*.log
root执行$ORACLE_HOME下的root.sh来建立oratab,dbhome,oraenv,coraenv文件, 如果提示则一直回车:
$ su - root
# /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/root.sh
# more /etc/oratab
设置环境变量
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1
export TNS_ADMIN=$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin
export PATH=.:${PATH}:$HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin
export PATH=${PATH}:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/bin/X11:/usr/local/bin
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=${LD_LIBRARY_PATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/lib
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=${LD_LIBRARY_PATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/oracm/lib
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=${LD_LIBRARY_PATH}:/lib:/usr/lib:/usr/local/lib
export CLASSPATH=${CLASSPATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/JRE
export CLASSPATH=${CLASSPATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/JRE/lib
export CLASSPATH=${CLASSPATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib
export CLASSPATH=${CLASSPATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib
export CLASSPATH=${CLASSPATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/network/jlib
export LIBPATH=${CLASSPATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/lib:$ORACLE_HOME/ctx/lib
export ORACLE_OWNER=oracle
export SPFILE_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/dbs
export ORA_NLS10=$ORACLE_HOME/nls/data
source /home/oracle/.bash_profile
Sqlplus测试
11 静默配置网络
$ $ORACLE_HOME/bin/netca /silent /responseFile /home/oracle/UPRR_NETCA.rsp
/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_6/srvm/admin/getcrshome 没有可执行权限?
12 静默安装数据库
# su - oracle
$ $ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbca -silent -responseFile /home/oracle/UPRR_DBCA.rsp
安装期间查看日志信息了解进度:
$ tail -100f $ORACLE_BASE/cfgtoollogs/dbca/$ORACLE_SID/$ORACLE_SID.log
建库后实例检查
$ ps -ef | grep ora_ | grep -v grep | wc -l
$ ps -ef | grep ora_ | grep -v grep
建库后监听检查
$ lsnrctl status
如果使用归档日志
$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL> shutdown immediate;
SQL> startup mount;
SQL> alter database archivelog;
SQL> alter database flashback on; (如果要启用数据库闪回功能则执行)
SQL> alter database open;
SQL> execute utl_recomp.recomp_serial(); (重新编译所有可能失效对象)
SQL> alter system archive log current; (手工归档测试)
默认安装的数据库用户检查
SQL> set lines 256 pages 500
SQL> select USER_ID,USERNAME,ACCOUNT_STATUS,DEFAULT_TABLESPACE from dba_users order by 1;
Normal 0 7.8 磅 0 2 false false false EN-US ZH-CN X-NONE