简介：fio 是一个 开源的硬件I/O压力测试工具，主要是用来测试磁盘/SSD的io性能，也可测试cpu，nic的io性能。它可以支持13种不同的I/O引擎，包括：sync, mmap, libaio, posixaio, SG v3, splice, network, syslet, guasi, solarisaio, I/O priorities (针对新的Linux内核), rate I/O, forked or threaded jobs等。不同引擎的具体含义，可以参看fio的说明文档（安装后可以通过man fio查看），例如：

sync: Basic read(2) or write(2) I/O.  fseek(2) is used to position the I/O location.

psync: Basic pread(2) or pwrite(2) I/O.

vsync: Basic readv(2) or writev(2) I/O. Will emulate queuing by coalescing adjacents IOs into a  single submission.

libaio: Linux native asynchronous I/O.

……

fio支持的平台：Linux, FreeBSD, NetBSD, OS X, OpenSolaris, AIX, Windows，这里主要讲讲linux下地使用。

 

下载地址：http://freecode.com/projects/fio

 

依赖包：libaio-dev

安装：下载解压后具体安装过程详见README，其实只要make, make install即可；

安装过程如果报错请安装依赖包：sudo apt-get install libaio-dev。

 

使用：这个工具的可定制性非常强，可以根据测试者的想法进行各种混合io的测试。使用方法主要有两种形式，一种是命令形式，即fio [-options]；另一种则是fio + 负载说明文件形式，下面我们来具体看两个例子。

1. 命令形式

fio –filename=/dev/sda1 –direct=1 –rw=randread –bs=4k –size=60G –numjobs=64 –runtime=10 –group_reporting –name=test

各参数含义可通过man fio查询得到，这里只简单说明几个：

filename:待测试的设备名或挂载文件名

direct:绕过OS的文件系统缓冲区测试

rw:指定读写模式，这里是测随机读性能

bs:每次请求的IO大小

size:测试的目标区域大小

name:本次测试任务的名字，随便取

 

2.负载说明文件形式：先生成一个负载说明文件，再通过fio 负载文件名方式执行

安装后，安装目录下有个examples文件夹，下面已有现成的一些例子，这里举个测试SSD“四项全能”性能的例子：

[文件名：SSD-test]

# drives are usually separated from the good drives.

#

# This uses a queue depth of 4. New SATA SSD's will support up to 32

# in flight commands, so it may also be interesting to increase the queue

# depth and compare. Note that most real-life usage will not see that

# large of a queue depth, so 4 is more representative of normal use.

#

[global]

bs=4k

ioengine=libaio

iodepth=4

size=1g

direct=1

runtime=60

directory=/mount-point-of-ssd

filename=ssd.test.file

 

[seq-read]

rw=read

stonewall

 

[rand-read]

rw=randread

stonewall

 

[seq-write]

rw=write

stonewall

 

[rand-write]

rw=randwrite

stonewall


测试结果如下：

seq-read: (g=0): rw=read, bs=1M-1M/1M-1M/1M-1M, ioengine=libaio, iodepth=4

rand-read: (g=1): rw=randread, bs=1M-1M/1M-1M/1M-1M, ioengine=libaio, iodepth=4

seq-write: (g=2): rw=write, bs=1M-1M/1M-1M/1M-1M, ioengine=libaio, iodepth=4

rand-write: (g=3): rw=randwrite, bs=1M-1M/1M-1M/1M-1M, ioengine=libaio, iodepth=4

fio-2.0.10

Starting 4 processes

seq-read: Laying out IO file(s) (1 file(s) / 1024MB)


seq-read(顺序读性能): (groupid=0, jobs=1): err= 0: pid=2460: Thu Nov  1 21:15:52 2012

  read : io（测试了1G的数据）=1024.0MB, bw（带宽）=139643KB/s, iops（每秒钟的IO数）=136 , runt（总运行时间）=  7509msec

    slat (usec): min=71 , max=814 , avg=95.42, stdev=42.51

    clat (msec): min=8 , max=43 , avg=29.20, stdev= 1.16

     lat (msec): min=9 , max=43 , avg=29.30, stdev= 1.14

    clat percentiles (usec):

     |  1.00th=[28288],  5.00th=[29056], 10.00th=[29056], 20.00th=[29056],

     | 30.00th=[29056], 40.00th=[29312], 50.00th=[29312], 60.00th=[29312],

     | 70.00th=[29312], 80.00th=[29312], 90.00th=[29312], 95.00th=[29312],

     | 99.00th=[31872], 99.50th=[36608], 99.90th=[36608], 99.95th=[43776],

     | 99.99th=[43776]

    bw (KB/s)  : min=137885, max=139912, per=100.00%, avg=139767.21, stdev=541.74

    lat (msec) : 10=0.10%, 20=0.10%, 50=99.80%

  cpu          : usr=0.11%, sys=1.55%, ctx=1050, majf=0, minf=0

  IO depths    : 1=0.1%, 2=0.2%, 4=99.7%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, >=64=0.0%

     submit    : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%

     complete  : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%

     issued    : total=r=1024/w=0/d=0, short=r=0/w=0/d=0

rand-read（随机读性能）: (groupid=1, jobs=1): err= 0: pid=2461: Thu Nov  1 21:15:52 2012

  read : io=1024.0MB, bw=139624KB/s, iops=136 , runt=  7510msec

    slat (usec): min=69 , max=750 , avg=87.59, stdev=41.23

    clat (msec): min=8 , max=43 , avg=29.21, stdev= 1.19

     lat (msec): min=9 , max=43 , avg=29.30, stdev= 1.17

    clat percentiles (usec):

     |  1.00th=[25728],  5.00th=[29056], 10.00th=[29056], 20.00th=[29056],

     | 30.00th=[29056], 40.00th=[29312], 50.00th=[29312], 60.00th=[29312],

     | 70.00th=[29312], 80.00th=[29312], 90.00th=[29312], 95.00th=[29312],

     | 99.00th=[33024], 99.50th=[36608], 99.90th=[37120], 99.95th=[43776],

     | 99.99th=[43776]

    bw (KB/s)  : min=137612, max=139912, per=100.00%, avg=139747.71, stdev=614.70

    lat (msec) : 10=0.10%, 20=0.10%, 50=99.80%

  cpu          : usr=0.21%, sys=1.39%, ctx=1042, majf=0, minf=0

  IO depths    : 1=0.1%, 2=0.2%, 4=99.7%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, >=64=0.0%

     submit    : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%

     complete  : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%

     issued    : total=r=1024/w=0/d=0, short=r=0/w=0/d=0

seq-write（顺序写性能）: (groupid=2, jobs=1): err= 0: pid=2462: Thu Nov  1 21:15:52 2012

  write: io=1024.0MB, bw=124593KB/s, iops=121 , runt=  8416msec

    slat (usec): min=91 , max=218 , avg=121.47, stdev=16.35

    clat (msec): min=9 , max=123 , avg=32.73, stdev= 7.10

     lat (msec): min=9 , max=123 , avg=32.85, stdev= 7.10

    clat percentiles (msec):

     |  1.00th=[   29],  5.00th=[   30], 10.00th=[   30], 20.00th=[   30],

     | 30.00th=[   30], 40.00th=[   30], 50.00th=[   31], 60.00th=[   31],

     | 70.00th=[   33], 80.00th=[   36], 90.00th=[   41], 95.00th=[   42],

     | 99.00th=[   45], 99.50th=[   47], 99.90th=[  124], 99.95th=[  124],

     | 99.99th=[  124]

    bw (KB/s)  : min=102400, max=136669, per=99.68%, avg=124194.63, stdev=14056.58

    lat (msec) : 10=0.10%, 20=0.10%, 50=99.41%, 250=0.39%

  cpu          : usr=0.57%, sys=1.24%, ctx=1066, majf=0, minf=0

  IO depths    : 1=0.1%, 2=0.2%, 4=99.7%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, >=64=0.0%

     submit    : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%

     complete  : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%

     issued    : total=r=0/w=0/d=1024, short=r=0/w=0/d=0

rand-write（随机写性能）: (groupid=3, jobs=1): err= 0: pid=2463: Thu Nov  1 21:15:52 2012

  write: io=1024.0MB, bw=101351KB/s, iops=98 , runt= 10346msec

    slat (usec): min=90 , max=217 , avg=121.88, stdev=11.10

    clat (msec): min=7 , max=152 , avg=40.26, stdev=12.33

     lat (msec): min=7 , max=152 , avg=40.38, stdev=12.33

    clat percentiles (msec):

     |  1.00th=[   29],  5.00th=[   33], 10.00th=[   34], 20.00th=[   36],

     | 30.00th=[   38], 40.00th=[   39], 50.00th=[   40], 60.00th=[   40],

     | 70.00th=[   41], 80.00th=[   42], 90.00th=[   44], 95.00th=[   48],

     | 99.00th=[  128], 99.50th=[  133], 99.90th=[  139], 99.95th=[  153],

     | 99.99th=[  153]

    bw (KB/s)  : min=64887, max=108544, per=99.84%, avg=101187.60, stdev=9916.67

    lat (msec) : 10=0.10%, 20=0.10%, 50=96.48%, 100=1.76%, 250=1.56%

  cpu          : usr=0.70%, sys=0.81%, ctx=1058, majf=0, minf=0

  IO depths    : 1=0.1%, 2=0.2%, 4=99.7%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, >=64=0.0%

     submit    : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%

     complete  : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%

     issued    : total=r=0/w=0/d=1024, short=r=0/w=0/d=0


Run status group 0 (all jobs):

   READ: io=1024.0MB, aggrb=139642KB/s, minb=139642KB/s, maxb=139642KB/s, mint=7509msec, maxt=7509msec


Run status group 1 (all jobs):

   READ: io=1024.0MB, aggrb=139623KB/s, minb=139623KB/s, maxb=139623KB/s, mint=7510msec, maxt=7510msec


Run status group 2 (all jobs):

  WRITE: io=1024.0MB, aggrb=124593KB/s, minb=124593KB/s, maxb=124593KB/s, mint=8416msec, maxt=8416msec


Run status group 3 (all jobs):

  WRITE: io=1024.0MB, aggrb=101350KB/s, minb=101350KB/s, maxb=101350KB/s, mint=10346msec, maxt=10346msec


Disk stats (read/write):

  sdb: ios=4640/4587, merge=5110/5070, ticks=124524/153520, in_queue=278152, util=97.17%




原文地址：http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_4485748101019r72.html