线程池的参数
/*
这个是用一个int来表示workerCount和runState的,其中runState占int的高3位,
其它29位为workerCount的值。
workerCount:当前活动的线程数;
runState:线程池的当前状态。
用AtomicInteger是因为其在并发下使用compareAndSet效率非常高;
当改变当前活动的线程数时只对低29位操作,如每次加一减一,workerCount的值变了,
但不会影响高3位的runState的值。当改变当前状态的时候,只对高3位操作,不会改变低29位的计数值。
这里有一个假设,就是当前活动的线程数不会超过29位能表示的值,即不会超过536870911,
就目前以及可预见的很长一段时间来讲,这个值是足够用了
*/
private final AtomicInteger ctl = new AtomicInteger(ctlOf(RUNNING, 0));
//COUNT_BITS,就是用来表示workerCount占用一个int的位数,其值为前面说的29
private static final int COUNT_BITS = Integer.SIZE - 3;
/*
CAPACITY为29位能表示的最大容量,即workerCount实际能用的最大值。
其值的二进制为:00011111111111111111111111111111(占29位,29个1)
*/
private static final int CAPACITY = (1 << COUNT_BITS) - 1;
/*
以下常量是线程池的状态,状态存储在int的高3位,所以要左移29位。
腾出的低29位来表示workerCount
注意,这5个状态是有大小关系的。RUNNING<shutdown<stop<tidying<terminated 当需要判断多个状态时,只需要用<或="">来判断就可以了
*/
/*
RUNNING的含义:线程池能接受新任务,并且可以运行队列中的任务
-1的二进制为32个1,移位后为:11100000000000000000000000000000
*/
private static final int RUNNING = -1 << COUNT_BITS;
/*
SHUTDOWN的含义:不再接受新任务,但仍可以执行队列中的任务
0的二进制为32个0,移位后还是全0
*/
private static final int SHUTDOWN = 0 << COUNT_BITS;
/*
STOP的含义:不再接受新任务,不再执行队列中的任务,而且要中断正在处理的任务
1的二进制为前面31个0,最后一个1,移位后为:00100000000000000000000000000000
*/
private static final int STOP = 1 << COUNT_BITS;
/*
TIDYING的含义:所有任务均已终止,workerCount的值为0,
转到TIDYING状态的线程即将要执行terminated()钩子方法.
2的二进制为00000000000000000000000000000010
移位后01000000000000000000000000000000
*/
private static final int TIDYING = 2 << COUNT_BITS;
/*
TERMINATED的含义:terminated()方法执行结束.
3的二进制为00000000000000000000000000000011
移位后01100000000000000000000000000000
*/
private static final int TERMINATED = 3 << COUNT_BITS;
各状态之间可能的转变有以下几种:
RUNNING -> SHUTDOWN
调用了shutdown方法,线程池实现了finalize方法,在里面调用了shutdown方法,因此shutdown可能是在finalize中被隐式调用的
(RUNNING or SHUTDOWN) -> STOP
调用了shutdownNow方法
SHUTDOWN -> TIDYING
当队列和线程池均为空的时候
STOP -> TIDYING
当线程池为空的时候
TIDYING -> TERMINATED
terminated()钩子方法调用完毕
/*
传入的参数为存储runState和workerCount的int值,这个方法用于取出runState的值。
~为按位取反操作,~CAPACITY值为:11100000000000000000000000000000,
再同参数做&操作,就将低29位置0了,而高3位还是保持原先的值,也就是runState的值
*/
private static int runStateOf(int c) { return c & ~CAPACITY; }
/*
传入的参数为存储runState和workerCount的int值,这个方法用于取出workerCount的值。
因为CAPACITY值为:00011111111111111111111111111111,所以&操作将参数的高3位置0了,
保留参数的低29位,也就是workerCount的值。
*/
private static int workerCountOf(int c) { return c & CAPACITY; }
/*
将runState和workerCount存到同一个int中,这里的rs就是runState,
是已经移位过的值,填充返回值的高3位,wc填充返回值的低29位
*/
private static int ctlOf(int rs, int wc) { return rs | wc; }
源码分析,线程池是如何执行任务的
public void execute(Runnable command) {
if (command == null)
throw new NullPointerException();
/*
* Proceed in 3 steps:
*
* 1. If fewer than corePoolSize threads are running, try to
* start a new thread with the given command as its first
* task. The call to addWorker atomically checks runState and
* workerCount, and so prevents false alarms that would add
* threads when it shouldn't, by returning false.
*
* 2. If a task can be successfully queued, then we still need
* to double-check whether we should have added a thread
* (because existing ones died since last checking) or that
* the pool shut down since entry into this method. So we
* recheck state and if necessary roll back the enqueuing if
* stopped, or start a new thread if there are none.
*
* 3. If we cannot queue task, then we try to add a new
* thread. If it fails, we know we are shut down or saturated
* and so reject the task.
*/
/*
*分三步进行:
*
* 1.如果少于corePoolSize线程正在运行,请尝试
*用给定的命令作为第一个启动一个新的线程
*任务。 对addWorker的调用会自动检查runState和
* workerCount,从而防止将添加的错误警报
*线程,当它不应该通过返回false。
*
* 2.如果任务可以成功排队,那么我们仍然需要
*再次检查我们是否应该添加一个线程
*(因为现有的自上次检查以来死亡)或者那个
自从进入这个方法以来,池关闭了。 所以我们
*重新检查状态,如果有必要的话回滚入队
*停止,或者如果没有的话,开始一个新的线程。
*
* 3.如果我们不能排队任务,那么我们尝试添加一个新的
*线程。 如果失败了,我们知道我们已经关闭了,或者已经饱和了
*因此拒绝任务。
*/
int c = ctl.get();
if (workerCountOf(c) < corePoolSize) {
if (addWorker(command, true))
return;
c = ctl.get();
}
if (isRunning(c) && workQueue.offer(command)) {
int recheck = ctl.get();
if (! isRunning(recheck) && remove(command))
reject(command);
else if (workerCountOf(recheck) == 0)
addWorker(null, false);
}
else if (!addWorker(command, false))
reject(command);
}
处理过程: 1.活动线程数< corePoolSize 小于核心线程数时,直接启动新的线程,并且添加到工作线程中。(addWorker true时,会重新检查workerCount的值) 2.活动线程数 >corePoolSize 时,如果是运行时状态,并且队列未满,添加到队列中, 需要再次检查状态,1.不是running,并且移出失败,则拒绝任务。2。处于RUNNing状态,或者移出任务失败的时候,如果没有活动线程,添加一个空的任务,表示不在接受新的任务。3.隐藏的情况,如果是运行状态,并且可以移出成功,则正常执行。 3.不是运行状态,并且队列已满,启动新的线程失败,则拒绝任务。
/**
* Checks if a new worker can be added with respect to current
* pool state and the given bound (either core or maximum). If so,
* the worker count is adjusted accordingly, and, if possible, a
* new worker is created and started, running firstTask as its
* first task. This method returns false if the pool is stopped or
* eligible to shut down. It also returns false if the thread
* factory fails to create a thread when asked. If the thread
* creation fails, either due to the thread factory returning
* null, or due to an exception (typically OutOfMemoryError in
* Thread.start()), we roll back cleanly.
*
* @param firstTask the task the new thread should run first (or
* null if none). Workers are created with an initial first task
* (in method execute()) to bypass queuing when there are fewer
* than corePoolSize threads (in which case we always start one),
* or when the queue is full (in which case we must bypass queue).
* Initially idle threads are usually created via
* prestartCoreThread or to replace other dying workers.
*
* @param core if true use corePoolSize as bound, else
* maximumPoolSize. (A boolean indicator is used here rather than a
* value to ensure reads of fresh values after checking other pool
* state).
* @return true if successful
*/
private boolean addWorker(Runnable firstTask, boolean core) {
retry:
for (;;) {
int c = ctl.get();
int rs = runStateOf(c);
// Check if queue empty only if necessary.
if (rs >= SHUTDOWN &&
! (rs == SHUTDOWN &&
firstTask == null &&
! workQueue.isEmpty()))
return false;
for (;;) {
int wc = workerCountOf(c);
if (wc >= CAPACITY ||
wc >= (core ? corePoolSize : maximumPoolSize))
return false;
if (compareAndIncrementWorkerCount(c))
break retry;
c = ctl.get(); // Re-read ctl
if (runStateOf(c) != rs)
continue retry;
// else CAS failed due to workerCount change; retry inner loop
}
}
boolean workerStarted = false;
boolean workerAdded = false;
Worker w = null;
try {
w = new Worker(firstTask);
final Thread t = w.thread;
if (t != null) {
final ReentrantLock mainLock = this.mainLock;
mainLock.lock();
try {
// Recheck while holding lock.
// Back out on ThreadFactory failure or if
// shut down before lock acquired.
int rs = runStateOf(ctl.get());
if (rs < SHUTDOWN ||
(rs == SHUTDOWN && firstTask == null)) {
if (t.isAlive()) // precheck that t is startable
throw new IllegalThreadStateException();
workers.add(w);
int s = workers.size();
if (s > largestPoolSize)
largestPoolSize = s;
workerAdded = true;
}
} finally {
mainLock.unlock();
}
if (workerAdded) {
t.start();
workerStarted = true;
}
}
} finally {
if (! workerStarted)
addWorkerFailed(w);
}
return workerStarted;
}
addWorker有两个参数:Runnable类型的firstTask,用于指定新增的线程执行的第一个任务;boolean类型的core,true表示在新增线程时会判断当前活动线程数是否少于corePoolSize,false表示新增线程前需要判断当前活动线程数是否少于maximumPoolSize。
该方法的返回值代表是否成功新增一个线程。
// Check if queue empty only if necessary.
// 这条语句等价:rs >= SHUTDOWN && (rs != SHUTDOWN || firstTask != null ||
// workQueue.isEmpty())
// 满足下列调价则直接返回false,线程创建失败:
// rs > SHUTDOWN:STOP || TIDYING || TERMINATED 此时不再接受新的任务,且所有任务执行结束
// rs = SHUTDOWN:firtTask != null 此时不再接受任务,但是仍然会执行队列中的任务
// rs = SHUTDOWN:firtTask == null见execute方法的addWorker(null,
// false),任务为null && 队列为空
// 最后一种情况也就是说SHUTDONW状态下,如果队列不为空还得接着往下执行,为什么?add一个null任务目的到底是什么?
// 看execute方法只有workCount==0的时候firstTask才会为null结合这里的条件就是线程池SHUTDOWN了不再接受新任务
// 但是此时队列不为空,那么还得创建线程把任务给执行完才行。
if (rs >= SHUTDOWN && !(rs == SHUTDOWN && firstTask == null && !workQueue.isEmpty()))
// 等价实现
rs >= SHUTDOWN && (rs != SHUTDOWN || firstTask != null || workQueue.isEmpty()),
private boolean addWorker(Runnable firstTask, boolean core) {
retry: for (;;) {
int c = ctl.get();
int rs = runStateOf(c);// 当前线程池状态
// Check if queue empty only if necessary.
// 这条语句等价:rs >= SHUTDOWN && (rs != SHUTDOWN || firstTask != null ||
// workQueue.isEmpty())
// 满足下列调价则直接返回false,线程创建失败:
// rs > SHUTDOWN:STOP || TIDYING || TERMINATED 此时不再接受新的任务,且所有任务执行结束
// rs = SHUTDOWN:firtTask != null 此时不再接受任务,但是仍然会执行队列中的任务
// rs = SHUTDOWN:firtTask == null见execute方法的addWorker(null,
// false),任务为null && 队列为空
// 最后一种情况也就是说SHUTDONW状态下,如果队列不为空还得接着往下执行,为什么?add一个null任务目的到底是什么?
// 看execute方法只有workCount==0的时候firstTask才会为null结合这里的条件就是线程池SHUTDOWN了不再接受新任务
// 但是此时队列不为空,那么还得创建线程把任务给执行完才行。
if (rs >= SHUTDOWN && !(rs == SHUTDOWN && firstTask == null && !workQueue.isEmpty()))
return false;
// 走到这的情形:
// 1.线程池状态为RUNNING
// 2.SHUTDOWN状态,但队列中还有任务需要执行
for (;;) {
int wc = workerCountOf(c);
if (wc >= CAPACITY || wc >= (core ? corePoolSize : maximumPoolSize))
return false;
if (compareAndIncrementWorkerCount(c))// 原子操作递增workCount
break retry;// 操作成功跳出的重试的循环
c = ctl.get(); // Re-read ctl
if (runStateOf(c) != rs)// 如果线程池的状态发生变化则重试
continue retry;
// else CAS failed due to workerCount change; retry inner loop
}
}
// wokerCount递增成功
boolean workerStarted = false;
boolean workerAdded = false;
Worker w = null;
try {
final ReentrantLock mainLock = this.mainLock;
w = new Worker(firstTask);
final Thread t = w.thread;
if (t != null) {
// 并发的访问线程池workers对象必须加锁
mainLock.lock();
try {
// Recheck while holding lock.
// Back out on ThreadFactory failure or if
// shut down before lock acquired.
int c = ctl.get();
int rs = runStateOf(c);
// RUNNING状态 || SHUTDONW状态下清理队列中剩余的任务
if (rs < SHUTDOWN || (rs == SHUTDOWN && firstTask == null)) {
if (t.isAlive()) // precheck that t is startable
throw new IllegalThreadStateException();
// 将新启动的线程添加到线程池中
workers.add(w);
// 更新largestPoolSize
int s = workers.size();
if (s > largestPoolSize)
largestPoolSize = s;
workerAdded = true;
}
} finally {
mainLock.unlock();
}
// 启动新添加的线程,这个线程首先执行firstTask,然后不停的从队列中取任务执行
// 当等待keepAlieTime还没有任务执行则该线程结束。见runWoker和getTask方法的代码。
if (workerAdded) {
t.start();// 最终执行的是ThreadPoolExecutor的runWoker方法
workerStarted = true;
}
}
} finally {
// 线程启动失败,则从wokers中移除w并递减wokerCount
if (!workerStarted)
// 递减wokerCount会触发tryTerminate方法
addWorkerFailed(w);
}
return workerStarted;
}
final void runWorker(Worker w) {
Thread wt = Thread.currentThread();
Runnable task = w.firstTask;
w.firstTask = null;
// Worker的构造函数中抑制了线程中断setState(-1),所以这里需要unlock从而允许中断
w.unlock();
// 用于标识是否异常终止,finally中processWorkerExit的方法会有不同逻辑
// 为true的情况:1.执行任务抛出异常;2.被中断。
boolean completedAbruptly = true;
try {
// 如果getTask返回null那么getTask中会将workerCount递减,如果异常了这个递减操作会在processWorkerExit中处理
while (task != null || (task = getTask()) != null) {
w.lock();
// If pool is stopping, ensure thread is interrupted;
// if not, ensure thread is not interrupted. This
// requires a recheck in second case to deal with
// shutdownNow race while clearing interrupt
if ((runStateAtLeast(ctl.get(), STOP) || (Thread.interrupted() && runStateAtLeast(ctl.get(), STOP)))
&& !wt.isInterrupted())
wt.interrupt();
try {
// 任务执行前可以插入一些处理,子类重载该方法
beforeExecute(wt, task);
Throwable thrown = null;
try {
task.run();// 执行用户任务
} catch (RuntimeException x) {
thrown = x;
throw x;
} catch (Error x) {
thrown = x;
throw x;
} catch (Throwable x) {
thrown = x;
throw new Error(x);
} finally {
// 和beforeExecute一样,留给子类去重载
afterExecute(task, thrown);
}
} finally {
task = null;
w.completedTasks++;
w.unlock();
}
}
completedAbruptly = false;
} finally {
// 结束线程的一些清理工作
processWorkerExit(w, completedAbruptly);
}
}