1.SQL>shutdown abort 如果数据库是打开状态，强行关闭

2.$ sqlplus  /nolog

   SQL> conn /as sysdba;


3. SQL> startup

ORACLE instance started.


Total System Global Area 3273641984 bytes

Fixed Size                  2257680 bytes

Variable Size            1862274288 bytes

Database Buffers         1392508928 bytes

Redo Buffers               16601088 bytes

Database mounted.

ORA-01122: database file 1 failed verification check

ORA-01110: data file 1: '/data/oradata/rxdb/system01.dbf'

ORA-01207: file is more recent than control file - old control file



SQL>

4.SQL> alter database backup controlfile to trace as '/home/oracle/aa';


Database altered.


5.SQL> shutdown immediate;

ORA-01109: database not open



Database dismounted.

ORACLE instance shut down.


6. SQL> startup nomount;

ORACLE instance started.


Total System Global Area 3273641984 bytes

Fixed Size                  2257680 bytes

Variable Size            1862274288 bytes

Database Buffers         1392508928 bytes

Redo Buffers               16601088 bytes

SQL>

7. Editplus之类的编辑器打开在第4步生成的aa文件；
其实在这个文件中的已经告诉你怎么样恢复你的数据库了，找到STARTUP NOMOUNT字样，然后下面可以看到类似语句，这个文件有好几个类似的生成控制文件语句，主要针对不懂的环境执行不同的语句

CREATE CONTROLFILE REUSE DATABASE "RXDB" NORESETLOGS  ARCHIVELOG

   MAXLOGFILES 16

   MAXLOGMEMBERS 3

   MAXDATAFILES 100

   MAXINSTANCES 8

   MAXLOGHISTORY 292

LOGFILE

 GROUP 1 '/data/oradata/rxdb/redo01.log'  SIZE 50M BLOCKSIZE 512,

 GROUP 2 '/data/oradata/rxdb/redo02.log'  SIZE 50M BLOCKSIZE 512,

 GROUP 3 '/data/oradata/rxdb/redo03.log'  SIZE 50M BLOCKSIZE 512

-- STANDBY LOGFILE

DATAFILE

 '/data/oradata/rxdb/system01.dbf',

 '/data/oradata/rxdb/sysaux01.dbf',

 '/data/oradata/rxdb/undotbs01.dbf',

 '/data/oradata/rxdb/users01.dbf',

 '/data/oradata/rxdb/user_cgs_tbs.dbf'

CHARACTER SET ZHS16GBK

;

执行上面这段语句，这个语句重建控制文件,然后你可以看着aa文件完成下面的恢复工作了

8.SQL>RECOVER DATABASE （恢复指定表空间、数据文件或整个数据库

9.SQL>ALTER DATABASE OPEN 打开数据库

10.验证是否正常启动

关闭数据库：

SQL> shutdown immediate;

Database closed.

Database dismounted.

ORACLE instance shut down.

启动数据库：

SQL> startup

ORACLE instance started.


Total System Global Area 3273641984 bytes

Fixed Size                  2257680 bytes

Variable Size            1862274288 bytes

Database Buffers         1392508928 bytes

Redo Buffers               16601088 bytes

Database mounted.

Database opened.