Struts2框架支持动态方法调用（Dynamic Method Invocation,DMI），解决一个Action对应多个请求的处理，减少Action数量。但是动态方法调用会带来安全隐患，通过URL可以执行Action中的任意方法，这一点应该注意！
动态方法调用有三种方法：
- 在struts.xml文件中配置Action节点的method属性
- 使用感叹号！标识要调用的方法名称(需在struts2.xml文件中设置常量开启功能，不推荐使用)
- 通配符方式(推荐使用)
第一种方法
同一个Action类中定义多个方法分别处理不一样的请求，需要为同一个Action类配置多个action节点。
示例：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.1//EN" "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.1.dtd">
<struts>
<package name="struts2" extends="struts-default" abstract="false">
<!-- 下面三个action节点的class属性值都是cn.iborder.action.UserAction，其他两个属性值不同action节点不一样 -->
<action name="logout" class="cn.iborder.action.UserAction" method="logout">
<result name="success">/login.jsp</result>
</action>
<action name="login" class="cn.iborder.action.UserAction" method="login">
<result name="success" type="redirect">/index.jsp</result>
<result name="error" type="redirect">/error.jsp</result>
</action>
<action name="register" class="cn.iborder.action.UserAction" method="register">
<result name="success" type="redirect">/login.jsp</result>
</action>
</package>
</struts>第二种方法
在struts.xml文件中，设置constant元素的属性struts.enable.DynamicMethodInvocation值为true，开启Struts2动态方法调用功能（感叹号方式）。
通过在Action的名称中使用感叹号!来标识要调用的方法名称，格式为actionName!methodName.后缀。
示例：
User.java
package cn.iborder.entity;
public class User {
private String userName;
private String password;
public String getUserName() {
return userName;
}
public void setUserName(String userName) {
this.userName = userName;
}
public String getPassword() {
return password;
}
public void setPassword(String password) {
this.password = password;
}
}UserAction.java
package cn.iborder.action;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
import cn.iborder.entity.User;
public class UserAction extends ActionSupport {
private User user;
public User getUser() {
return user;
}
public void setUser(User user) {
this.user = user;
}
public String login() {
System.out.println("用户："+user.getUserName());
System.out.println("密码："+user.getPassword());
return "login";
}
public String logout() {
System.out.println("成功注销");
return "logout";
}
}
struts.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.1//EN" "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.1.dtd">
<struts>
<!-- developerment Mode:开发模式,修改配置文件保存生效，不需重启tmocat -->
<constant name="struts.devMode" value="true" />
<!-- 开启动态方法调用 -->
<constant name="struts.enable.DynamicMethodInvocation" value="true"/>
<package name="struts2" extends="struts-default" abstract="false">
<!--
这个action节点的name属性值不能是user(全小写),否则报错，原因未知；
测试发现，Action类类名去掉“Action”剩下前面那部分(全小写)不能是用作action节点的name属性值。
前面使用的是myeclipse自带的Struts2.1版本，后改成2.3.31版本中没有这个问题
-->
<action name="User" class="cn.iborder.action.UserAction">
<result name="login" type="redirect" >/index.jsp</result>
<result name="logout" type="redirect">/login.jsp</result>
</action>
</package>
</struts>
login.jsp
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
pageEncoding="UTF-8" isELIgnored="false"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>登录</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>登录</h1>
<form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath }/User!login.action" method="post">
用户<input type="text" name="user.userName" /><br/>
密码<input type="password" name="user.password" /><br/>
<input type="submit" value="提交"/>
</form>
</body>
</html>index.jsp
<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%
String path = request.getContextPath();
String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/";
%>
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
<head>
<base href="<%=basePath%>">
<title>My JSP 'index.jsp' starting page</title>
<meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache">
<meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache">
<meta http-equiv="expires" content="0">
<meta http-equiv="keywords" content="keyword1,keyword2,keyword3">
<meta http-equiv="description" content="This is my page">
<!--
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="styles.css">
-->
</head>
<body>
<h1>hello world</h1>
<a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath }/User!logout.action">注销</a>
</body>
</html>
第三种方法
示例：
Student.java
package cn.iborder.entity;
public class Student {
private String stuName;
private String password;
public String getStuName() {
return stuName;
}
public void setStuName(String stuName) {
this.stuName = stuName;
}
public String getPassword() {
return password;
}
public void setPassword(String password) {
this.password = password;
}
}
StuAction.java
package cn.iborder.action;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
import cn.iborder.entity.Student;
public class StuAction extends ActionSupport {
private Student student;
public Student getUser() {
return student;
}
public void setUser(Student student) {
this.student = student;
}
public String login() {
System.out.println("用户："+student.getStuName());
System.out.println("密码："+student.getPassword());
return "login_success";
}
public String logout() {
System.out.println("成功注销");
return "logout_success";
}
}
struts.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.1//EN" "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.1.dtd">
<struts>
<!-- developerment Mode:开发模式,修改配置文件保存生效，不需重启tmocat -->
<constant name="struts.devMode" value="true" />
<package name="struts2" extends="struts-default" abstract="false">
<!--
action节点的name属性值中的"*"代表通配符，可以匹配任意最字符，method属性值和第一个"*"的内容相同
例：jsp文件中的一个连接${pageContext.request.contextPath }/Stu_logout.action，其中Stu_logout.action
中的logout代表"*"匹配的字符此时method的属性值也是logout
-->
<action name="Stu_*" class="cn.iborder.action.StuAction" method="{1}">
<result name="login_success" type="redirect" >/index.jsp</result>
<result name="logout_success" type="redirect">/login.jsp</result>
<result name="error" type="redirect">/error.jsp</result>
</action>
</package>
</struts>login.jsp
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
pageEncoding="UTF-8" isELIgnored="false"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>登录</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>登录</h1>
<!-- 表示调用Action类中的login方法 -->
<form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath }/Stu_login.action" method="post">
用户<input type="text" name="user.stuName" /><br/>
密码<input type="password" name="user.password" /><br/>
<input type="submit" value="提交"/>
</form>
</body>
</html>index.jsp
<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%
String path = request.getContextPath();
String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/";
%>
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
<head>
<base href="<%=basePath%>">
<title>My JSP 'index.jsp' starting page</title>
<meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache">
<meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache">
<meta http-equiv="expires" content="0">
<meta http-equiv="keywords" content="keyword1,keyword2,keyword3">
<meta http-equiv="description" content="This is my page">
<!--
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="styles.css">
-->
</head>
<body>
<h1>hello world</h1>
<!-- 表示调用Action类中的logout方法 -->
<a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath }/Stu_logout.action">注销</a>
</body>
</html>
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