hellopasswd
CentOS 7支持的文件系统
[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/filesystems
xfs
ext4
ext3
ext2
nodev proc
nodev devpts
iso9660
vfat
hfs
hfsplus
[root@localhost ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda3 28G 845M 27G 3% /
devtmpfs 909M 0 909M 0% /dev
tmpfs 914M 0 914M 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 914M 8.6M 905M 1% /run
tmpfs 914M 0 914M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1 197M 75M 123M 38% /boot
/和/boot为xfs格式 之前的版本为ext4、ext3、ext2居多，到CentOS 7为xfs格式 格式化为ext也会默认为xfs
已用的磁盘的文件系统
[root@localhost ~]# mount
proc on /proc type proc (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime)
sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,seclabel)
devtmpfs on /dev type devtmpfs (rw,nosuid,seclabel,size=929824k,nr_inodes=232456,mode=755)
securityfs on /sys/kernel/security type securityfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime)
tmpfs on /dev/shm type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,seclabel)
devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,nosuid,noexec,relatime,seclabel,gid=5,mode=620,ptmxmode=000)
tmpfs on /run type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,seclabel,mode=755)
tmpfs on /sys/fs/cgroup type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,seclabel,mode=755)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/systemd type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,xattr,release_agent=/usr/lib/systemd/systemd-cgroups-agent,name=systemd)
pstore on /sys/fs/pstore type pstore (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/cpuset type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,cpuset)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/cpu,cpuacct type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,cpuacct,cpu)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/memory type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,memory)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/devices type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,devices)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/freezer type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,freezer)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/net_cls type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,net_cls)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/blkio type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,blkio)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/perf_event type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,perf_event)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/hugetlb type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,hugetlb)
configfs on /sys/kernel/config type configfs (rw,relatime)
/dev/sda3 on / type xfs (rw,relatime,seclabel,attr2,inode64,noquota)
selinuxfs on /sys/fs/selinux type selinuxfs (rw,relatime)
systemd-1 on /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc type autofs (rw,relatime,fd=32,pgrp=1,timeout=300,minproto=5,maxproto=5,direct)
mqueue on /dev/mqueue type mqueue (rw,relatime,seclabel)
debugfs on /sys/kernel/debug type debugfs (rw,relatime)
hugetlbfs on /dev/hugepages type hugetlbfs (rw,relatime,seclabel)
/dev/sda1 on /boot type xfs (rw,relatime,seclabel,attr2,inode64,noquota)
[root@localhost ~]# mount | grep /dev/sd
/dev/sda3 on / type xfs (rw,relatime,seclabel,attr2,inode64,noquota)
/dev/sda1 on /boot type xfs (rw,relatime,seclabel,attr2,inode64,noquota)
mke2fs创建Linux文件系统
常用
mke2fs -t #指定要建立文件系统的分区
mke2fs -b #指定块大小，单位字节
mke2fs -m #指定预留空间的大小，默认预留空间为5%
扩展
[root@localhost ~]# touch 1.txt
[root@localhost ~]# ls -lh 1.txt
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Nov 3 09:26 1.txt
[root@localhost ~]# echo “1” > 1.txt
[root@localhost ~]# ls -lh 1.txt
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 2 Nov 3 09:26 1.txt
[root@localhost ~]# du -sh 1.txt #指的是占用块空间，当一个文件写入字符，无论多大都占用一个块空间
4.0K 1.txt
[root@localhost ~]# du -sb 1.txt
2 1.txt
[root@localhost ~]# echo "2" >> 1.txt
[root@localhost ~]# ls -lh 1.txt
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 4 Nov 3 13:57 1.txt
[root@localhost ~]# du -sh 1.txt
4.0K 1.txt
mke2fs和mkfs
[root@localhost ~]# mke2fs -t ext4 /dev/sdb1
mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
65536 inodes, 262144 blocks
13107 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=268435456
8 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8192 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376
Allocating group tables: done
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (8192 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
[root@localhost ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb1
mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
65536 inodes, 262144 blocks
13107 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=268435456
8 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8192 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376
Allocating group tables: done
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (8192 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
mke2fs -b指定块大小
指定块大小，1024、2048、4096、8192以指数形式增加 当分区存入文件1KB左右，可以指定分区块为1024或2048 而当存入文件如：高清图片，无损音乐等文件时，指定分区块为4096或更高，可以达到读写的最大值。
[root@localhost ~]# mke2fs -b 8192 /dev/sdb1
Warning: blocksize 8192 not usable on most systems.
mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
mke2fs: 8192-byte blocks too big for system (max 4096)
Proceed anyway? (y,n) n
[root@localhost ~]# mke2fs -b 2048 /dev/sdb1
mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=2048 (log=1)
Fragment size=2048 (log=1)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
65536 inodes, 524288 blocks
26214 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=536870912
32 block groups
16384 blocks per group, 16384 fragments per group
2048 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
16384, 49152, 81920, 114688, 147456, 409600, 442368
Allocating group tables: done
Writing inode tables: done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
mke2fs -m指定预留空间的大小
在指定的分区时，会预留5%的空间给root用户 当指定分区空间越大时，5%的空间会显得浪费，这时候可以使用-m来自定义预留空间的大小
[root@localhost ~]# mke2fs -m 0.1 /dev/sdb1
mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
65536 inodes, 262144 blocks
262 blocks (0.10%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=268435456
8 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8192 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376
Allocating group tables: done
Writing inode tables: done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
[root@localhost ~]# blkid /dev/sdb1
/dev/sdb1: UUID="a87162cd-ceeb-4153-9843-896bfdc82ede" TYPE="ext2"
当在格式化分区时，没有指定文件系统时，文件系统默认为ext2
mke2fs -i
默认为4个块对比一个inode，4个块就是16K
大多数情况，inode一定是够用的。 因为默认格式化的时候，相当于4个块（16k）对应一个inode，试问，你的系统难道所有文件都小于16k么？
虽然有这样的场景，但是很少。
既然是这样，inode增多跟提升磁盘空间利用有什么关系呢。
应该是，当磁盘使用场景为很多小文件（小于4k）时，把块设置1k或者2k是能提升空间利用率的。
[root@localhost ~]# mke2fs -i 8192 -t ext4 /dev/sdb1
mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
131072 inodes, 262144 blocks
13107 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=268435456
8 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
16384 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376
Allocating group tables: done
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (8192 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
原来inode和块空间是1比4，现在1比2，也就是说inode增加了
[root@localhost ~]# mke2fs -i 4096 -b 4096 -t ext4 /dev/sdb1
mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
262144 inodes, 262144 blocks
13107 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=268435456
8 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
32768 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376
Allocating group tables: done
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (8192 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
mkfs创建Linux文件系统
常用
mkfs -t #指定要建立文件系统的分区
mkfs -b #指定块大小，单位字节
mkfs -c #在建立文件系统前检测分区是否存在磁盘坏道
使用mkfs和mke2fs -t的方法是一样
[root@localhost ~]# mke2fs -t xfs /dev/sdb1
mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Your mke2fs.conf file does not define the xfs filesystem type.
Aborting...
[root@localhost ~]# mkfs.xfs -f /dev/sdb1
meta-data=/dev/sdb1 isize=256 agcount=4, agsize=65536 blks
= sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1
= crc=0
data = bsize=4096 blocks=262144, imaxpct=25
= sunit=0 swidth=0 blks
naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=0
log =internal log bsize=4096 blocks=2560, version=2
= sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0
但是使用mount命令是找到/dev/sdb1，说明还没有挂载分区
对比
[root@localhost ~]# mkfs.xfs -m 1 /dev/sdb1
unknown option -m 1
Usage: mkfs.xfs
/* blocksize */ [-b log=n|size=num]
/* metadata */ [-m crc=[0|1]
/* data subvol */ [-d agcount=n,agsize=n,file,name=xxx,size=num,
(sunit=value,swidth=value|su=num,sw=num|noalign),
sectlog=n|sectsize=num
/* force overwrite */ [-f]
/* inode size */ [-i log=n|perblock=n|size=num,maxpct=n,attr=0|1|2,
projid32bit=0|1]
/* no discard */ [-K]
/* log subvol */ [-l agnum=n,internal,size=num,logdev=xxx,version=n
sunit=value|su=num,sectlog=n|sectsize=num,
lazy-count=0|1]
/* label */ [-L label (maximum 12 characters)]
/* naming */ [-n log=n|size=num,version=2|ci,ftype=0|1]
/* no-op info only */ [-N]
/* prototype file */ [-p fname]
/* quiet */ [-q]
/* realtime subvol */ [-r extsize=num,size=num,rtdev=xxx]
/* sectorsize */ [-s log=n|size=num]
/* version */ [-V]
devicename
<devicename> is required unless -d name=xxx is given.
<num> is xxx (bytes), xxxs (sectors), xxxb (fs blocks), xxxk (xxx KiB),
xxxm (xxx MiB), xxxg (xxx GiB), xxxt (xxx TiB) or xxxp (xxx PiB).
<value> is xxx (512 byte blocks).
[root@localhost ~]# mkfs.ext4 -m 1 /dev/sdb1
mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
65536 inodes, 262144 blocks
2621 blocks (1.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=268435456
8 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8192 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376
Allocating group tables: done
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (8192 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
mkfs.ext4和mke2fs -t ext4支持的参数都是一致的
blkid查询设备所采用的文件系统类型
[root@localhost ~]# blkid /dev/sdb1
/dev/sdb1: UUID="d1194491-e0d3-478d-a5b4-9826fab80564" TYPE="xfs"
[root@localhost ~]# blkid
/dev/sdb1: UUID="d1194491-e0d3-478d-a5b4-9826fab80564" TYPE="xfs"
/dev/sr0: UUID="2017-10-27-14-49-48-00" LABEL="20171027_144209" TYPE="iso9660"
/dev/sda1: UUID="f50883db-5558-4813-8053-67e97169c609" TYPE="xfs"
/dev/sda2: UUID="d0344494-65f1-4279-a595-76801470be33" TYPE="swap"
/dev/sda3: UUID="915e2a85-8d48-4667-9001-eae59adccb98" TYPE="xfs"
sr0是sr0是scsi/ata/sata接口的第一光驱设备，s= scsi，r= rom 只读的，0表示总线上的第一个sr设备，第二个就是sr1
其他
【CentOS 7基础笔记18】，df命令和du命令
【CentOS 7基础笔记19】，磁盘分区
【CentOS 7基础笔记20】，磁盘格式化
【CentOS 7基础笔记21】，磁盘挂载
【CentOS 7基础笔记22】，手动增加Swap空间
修改于171103
5641
被折叠的 条评论
为什么被折叠?
到【灌水乐园】发言
