在使用Spring Cloud开发微服务应用时中,各个微服务服务提供者都是以HTTP接口的形式对外提供服务,因此服务消费者在调用服务提供者时,通过HTTP Client的方式访问。当然我们可以使用JDK原生的`URLConnection`、`Apache的Http Client`、`Netty的异步HTTP Client`, Spring的`RestTemplate`去实现服务间的调用。Spring Cloud对Fegin进行了增强,使Fegin支持了Spring MVC的注解,并整合了Ribbon和Eureka,从而让Fegin的使用更加方便(在Spring Cloud中使用Feign, 我们可以做到使用HTTP请求远程服务时能与调用本地方法一样的编码体验)。
一、FeignClient工作原理
总结来说,Feign的源码实现的过程如下:
- 首先通过@EnableFeignCleints注解开启FeignCleint
- 根据Feign的规则实现接口,并加@FeignCleint注解
- 程序启动后,会进行包扫描,扫描所有的@ FeignCleint的注解的类,并将这些信息注入到ioc容器中
- 当接口的方法被调用,通过jdk的代理,来生成具体的RequesTemplate
- RequesTemplate在生成Request
- Request交给Client去处理,其中Client可以是HttpUrlConnection、HttpClient也可以是Okhttp
- 最后Client被封装到LoadBalanceClient类,这个类结合类Ribbon做到了负载均衡
工作原理参见:https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/28593019
二、示例
FeignClient相当于Spring Cloud中的RPC,使用示例如下:
(1)Eureka-Server注册中心
application.yml配置如下:
#application.yml
server:
port: 1111
spring:
application:
name:eureka-server
eureka:
client:
register-with-eureka: false
fetch-registry: false
server-url:
defaultZone: http://localhost:${server.port}/eureka/
EurekaServerApplication配置如下:
@EnableEurekaServer
@SpringBootApplication
public class EurekaServerApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(EurekaServerApplication.class,args)
}
}
(2)Eureka-Producer配置
定义远程服务HelloController
@RestController
public class HelloController {
@GetMapping("/hello")
public String xxx(@RequstParam String name) {
return "hello" + name + ", I'm eureka producer service!";
}
}
Eureka-Client中application.yml配置
server:
port: 1112
spring:
application:
name: eureka-producer
eureka:
client:
server-url:
defaultZone: http://localhost:1111/eureka/
EurekaProducerApplication
@EnableDiscoveryClient
@SpringBootApplication
public class EurekaProducerApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(EurekaProducerApplication.class,args)
}
}
(3)Eureka-Consumer配置
Controller层服务配置如下:
@RestController
public class ConsumerController {
@Autowired
HelloRemote helloRemote;
@RequestMapping("/hello/{name}")
public String hello(@PathVariable("name") String name) {
return helloRemote.hello(name);
}
}
HelloRemote配置
@FeignClient(name="eureka-producer")
public interface HelloRemote {
@RequstMapping("/hello")
String hello(@RequstParam(value="name") String name);
}
application.yml文件配置
server:
port: 1113
spring:
application:
name: eureka-consumer
eureka:
client:
server-url:
defaultZone: http://localhost:1111/eureka
EurekaConsumerApplication配置
@EnableFeignClients
@EnableDiscoveryClient
@SpringBootApplication
public class EurekaConsumerApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(EurekaConsumerApplication.class,args)
}
}
参见:http://www.voidcn.com/article/p-kodllxvn-hr.html
http://xujin.org/sc/sc-fegin01/
http://www.cnblogs.com/jalja/p/7011439.html