iptables基础实例
iptables -nvL 查看规则
[root@localhost ~]# iptables -nvL
Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT 0 packets, 0 bytes)
pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination
33 2412 ACCEPT all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 state RELATED,ESTABLISHED
0 0 ACCEPT icmp -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0
0 0 ACCEPT all -- lo * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0
0 0 ACCEPT tcp -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 state NEW tcp dpt:22
0 0 REJECT all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 reject-with icmp-host-prohibited
Chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT 0 packets, 0 bytes)
pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination
0 0 REJECT all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 reject-with icmp-host-prohibited
Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT 22 packets, 2016 bytes)
pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination
[root@localhost ~]# iptables -nvL
Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT 0 packets, 0 bytes)
pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination
38 2784 ACCEPT all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 state RELATED,ESTABLISHED
0 0 ACCEPT icmp -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0
0 0 ACCEPT all -- lo * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0
0 0 ACCEPT tcp -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 state NEW tcp dpt:22
0 0 REJECT all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 reject-with icmp-host-prohibited
Chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT 0 packets, 0 bytes)
iptables -F 清空规则
[root@localhost ~]# iptables -F
[root@localhost ~]# iptables -nvL
Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT 5 packets, 388 bytes)
pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination
Chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT 0 packets, 0 bytes)
service iptables restart 重新加载规则
[root@localhost ~]# service iptables restart
Redirecting to /bin/systemctl restart iptables.service
iptables -Z 清空计数器
[root@localhost ~]# iptables -Z
[root@localhost ~]# iptables -nvL
Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT 0 packets, 0 bytes)
pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination
5 388 ACCEPT all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 state RELATED,ESTABLISHED
0 0 ACCEPT icmp -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0
0 0 ACCEPT all -- lo * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0
0 0 ACCEPT tcp -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 state NEW tcp dpt:22
0 0 REJECT all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 reject-with icmp-host-prohibited
Chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT 0 packets, 0 bytes)
pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination
0 0 REJECT all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 reject-with icmp-host-prohibited
Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT 4 packets, 448 bytes)
pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination
service iptables save 将规则保存到配置文件中/etc/sysconfig/iptables
iptables -t 指定表,不加-t默认是filter表
[root@localhost ~]# iptables -A INPUT -s 192.168.1.1 -p tcp --sport 8080 -d 192.168.100.100 --dport 80 -j DROP
[root@localhost ~]# iptables -nvL
Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT 0 packets, 0 bytes)
pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination
224 15912 ACCEPT all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 state RELATED,ESTABLISHED
0 0 ACCEPT icmp -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0
0 0 ACCEPT all -- lo * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0
0 0 ACCEPT tcp -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 state NEW tcp dpt:22
6 1129 REJECT all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 reject-with icmp-host-prohibited
0 0 DROP tcp -- * * 192.168.1.1 192.168.100.100 tcp spt:8080 dpt:80
Chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT 0 packets, 0 bytes)
pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination
0 0 REJECT all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 reject-with icmp-host-prohibited
Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT 15 packets, 1428 bytes)
pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination
iptables -A 添加一条规则,添加规则到尾行 iptables -A INPUT -s 192.168.1.1 -p tcp --sport 8080 -d 192.168.100.100 --dport 80 -j DROP
这段代码的意识是添加一条规则在-s表示来源 -p是协议 -sport 是源端口,-d目的地址 -dport是目的端口 -j 是选择的操作 DROP是丢弃的意思。
iptables -I是插入一条规则,会插入到首行,数据通信匹配iptables中的规则会从上向下匹配,当匹配到合适的就不会再继续向下匹配。
[root@localhost ~]# iptables -I INPUT -s 192.168.1.1 -p tcp --sport 8080 -d 192.168.100.100 --dport 80 -j REJECT
[root@localhost ~]# iptables -nvL
Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT 0 packets, 0 bytes)
pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination
0 0 REJECT tcp -- * * 192.168.1.1 192.168.100.100 tcp spt:8080 dpt:80 reject-with icmp-port-unreachable
438 37040 ACCEPT all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 state RELATED,ESTABLISHED
0 0 ACCEPT icmp -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0
0 0 ACCEPT all -- lo * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0
0 0 ACCEPT tcp -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 state NEW tcp dpt:22
11 1920 REJECT all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 reject-with icmp-host-prohibited
0 0 DROP tcp -- * * 192.168.1.1 192.168.100.100 tcp spt:8080 dpt:80
iptables -nvL --line-number 显示规则编号
[root@localhost ~]# iptables -nvL --line-number
Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT 0 packets, 0 bytes)
num pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination
1 0 0 REJECT tcp -- * * 192.168.1.1 192.168.100.100 tcp spt:8080 dpt:80 reject-with icmp-port-unreachable
2 489 40692 ACCEPT all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 state RELATED,ESTABLISHED
3 0 0 ACCEPT icmp -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0
4 0 0 ACCEPT all -- lo * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0
5 0 0 ACCEPT tcp -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 state NEW tcp dpt:22
6 11 1920 REJECT all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 reject-with icmp-host-prohibited
7 0 0 DROP tcp -- * * 192.168.1.1 192.168.100.100 tcp spt:8080 dpt:80
Chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT 0 packets, 0 bytes)
num pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination
1 0 0 REJECT all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 reject-with icmp-host-prohibited
Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT 40 packets, 5000 bytes)
num pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination
iptables -D 删除规则,可根据行号删除 iptables -D INPUT 7 删除第7条规则
[root@localhost ~]# iptables -D INPUT 7
[root@localhost ~]# iptables -nvL --line-number
Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT 0 packets, 0 bytes)
num pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination
1 0 0 REJECT tcp -- * * 192.168.1.1 192.168.100.100 tcp spt:8080 dpt:80 reject-with icmp-port-unreachable
2 534 43876 ACCEPT all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 state RELATED,ESTABLISHED
3 0 0 ACCEPT icmp -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0
4 0 0 ACCEPT all -- lo * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0
5 0 0 ACCEPT tcp -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 state NEW tcp dpt:22
6 16 2810 REJECT all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 reject-with icmp-host-prohibited
Chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT 0 packets, 0 bytes)
num pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination
1 0 0 REJECT all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 reject-with icmp-host-prohibited
Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT 4 packets, 480 bytes)
num pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination
netfilter nat表应用
实例1:A机器两块网卡一块连接外网,一块在内网环境,B机器只有一块网卡在内网环境,两台机器在同一内网中。通过A机器能让B机器上网。
- A机器上打开路由转发功能 echo "1" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward
[root@localhost ~]# echo "1">/proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward
[root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward
1
- A机器上执行
iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -s 192.168.100.0/24 -o eno16777736 -j MASQUERADE
在外网口开启端口转发 - 再给B机器配置好网关,就是A机器的内网口的地址 route add default gw 192.168.100.1
4、B机器就可以ping通外网了。
实例2 端口映射,可以让外部机器访问B机器
- A机器同样打开路由转发功能echo "1" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward
- A机器执行iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -d 192.168.254.100 (模拟外网ip) -p tcp --dport 3000(借用端口) -j DNAT --to 192.168.100.100:22(C机器地址和端口)
- A 机器执行iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -s 192.168.100.100 -j SNAT --to 192.168.254.100
- B机器同样要设置网关
Connecting to 192.168.254.100:3000...
Connection established.
To escape to local shell, press 'Ctrl+Alt+]'.
Last login: Thu Jul 19 21:29:24 2018
[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig
eno16777736: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 192.168.100.100 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.100.255
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe50:6d26 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>
ether 00:0c:29:50:6d:26 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 62 bytes 9270 (9.0 KiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 78 bytes 11214 (10.9 KiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING> mtu 65536
inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0
inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 scopeid 0x10<host>
loop txqueuelen 0 (Local Loopback)
RX packets 6 bytes 504 (504.0 B)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 6 bytes 504 (504.0 B)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
可以看到使用C机器的Xshell连接A机器的ip指定做过映射的端口3000 ,成功的连接到了B机器。