linux程序第一次读文件慢,linux – 使用管道时Shell命令慢,中间文件快

有没有人理解处理时间,使用中间文件或使用管道时的巨大差异？我正在使用新的debian挤压服务器上的标准工具将tiff转换为pdf.执行此操作的标准方法是首先转换为ps.

没有管道：

root@web5:~# time tiff2ps test.tif > test.ps

real 0m0.860s

user 0m0.744s

sys 0m0.112s

root@web5:~# time ps2pdf13 -sPAPERSIZE=a4 test.ps > test.pdf

real 0m0.667s

user 0m0.612s

sys 0m0.060s

带管：

root@web5:~# time tiff2ps test.tif | ps2pdf13 -sPAPERSIZE=a4 - > test.pdf

real 1m6.098s

user 0m15.861s

sys 0m50.9

在最后一个命令中,gs进程始终为100％.

更新：

这是ps生成的strace输出：

root@web5:~# strace tiff2ps test.tif > test.ps

execve("/usr/bin/tiff2ps",["tiff2ps","test.tif"],[/* 28 vars */]) = 0

brk(0) = 0x1395000

access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap",F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)

mmap(NULL,8192,PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE,MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS,-1,0) = 0x7fb5a1937000

access("/etc/ld.so.preload",R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)

open("/etc/ld.so.cache",O_RDONLY) = 3

fstat(3,{st_mode=S_IFREG|0644,st_size=21735,...}) = 0

mmap(NULL,21735,PROT_READ,MAP_PRIVATE,3,0) = 0x7fb5a1931000

close(3) = 0

access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap",F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)

open("/usr/lib/libtiff.so.4",O_RDONLY) = 3

read(3,"\177ELF\2\1\1\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0P\200\0\0\0\0\0\0"...,832) = 832

fstat(3,st_size=405128,2501416,PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC,MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE,0) = 0x7fb5a14b9000

mprotect(0x7fb5a151a000,2093056,PROT_NONE) = 0

mmap(0x7fb5a1719000,12288,MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_DENYWRITE,0x60000) = 0x7fb5a1719000

close(3) = 0

access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap",F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)

open("/usr/lib/libjpeg.so.62","\177ELF\2\1\1\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0\3408\0\0\0\0\0\0"...,st_size=145048,2240080,0) = 0x7fb5a1296000

mprotect(0x7fb5a12b9000,PROT_NONE) = 0

mmap(0x7fb5a14b8000,4096,0x22000) = 0x7fb5a14b8000

close(3) = 0

access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap",F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)

open("/usr/lib/libz.so.1",O_RDONLY) = 3

read(3,"\177ELF\2\1\1\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0\260\"\0\0\0\0\0\0"...,st_size=93936,0) = 0x7fb5a1930000

mmap(NULL,2188976,0) = 0x7fb5a107f000

mprotect(0x7fb5a1096000,PROT_NONE) = 0

mmap(0x7fb5a1295000,0x16000) = 0x7fb5a1295000

close(3) = 0

access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap",F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)

open("/lib/libm.so.6",O_RDONLY) = 3

read(3,"\177ELF\2\1\1\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0\360>\0\0\0\0\0\0"...,st_size=530736,2625768,0) = 0x7fb5a0dfd000

mprotect(0x7fb5a0e7d000,2097152,PROT_NONE) = 0

mmap(0x7fb5a107d000,0x80000) = 0x7fb5a107d000

close(3) = 0

access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap",F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)

open("/lib/libc.so.6","\177ELF\2\1\1\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0\240\355\1\0\0\0\0\0"...,{st_mode=S_IFREG|0755,st_size=1437064,3545160,0) = 0x7fb5a0a9b000

mprotect(0x7fb5a0bf4000,PROT_NONE) = 0

mmap(0x7fb5a0df3000,20480,0x158000) = 0x7fb5a0df3000

mmap(0x7fb5a0df8000,18504,MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_ANONYMOUS,0) = 0x7fb5a0df8000

close(3) = 0

mmap(NULL,0) = 0x7fb5a192f000

mmap(NULL,0) = 0x7fb5a192e000

mmap(NULL,0) = 0x7fb5a192d000

arch_prctl(ARCH_SET_FS,0x7fb5a192e700) = 0

mprotect(0x7fb5a0df3000,16384,PROT_READ) = 0

mprotect(0x7fb5a107d000,PROT_READ) = 0

mprotect(0x7fb5a1939000,PROT_READ) = 0

munmap(0x7fb5a1931000,21735) = 0

open("test.tif",O_RDONLY) = 3

brk(0) = 0x1395000

brk(0x13b6000) = 0x13b6000

read(3,"II*\0\10\0\0\0",8) = 8

fstat(3,st_size=1825656,1825656,MAP_SHARED,0) = 0x7fb5a176f000

open("/proc/meminfo",O_RDONLY) = 4

fstat(4,{st_mode=S_IFREG|0444,st_size=0,0) = 0x7fb5a1936000

read(4,"MemTotal: 2090844 kB\nMemF"...,1024) = 1024

close(4) = 0

munmap(0x7fb5a1936000,4096) = 0

write(2,"TIFFReadDirectory: ",19TIFFReadDirectory: ) = 19

write(2,"Warning,",9Warning,) = 9

write(2,"test.tif: wrong data type 7 for "...,59test.tif: wrong data type 7 for "RichTIFFIPTC"; tag ignored) = 59

write(2,".\n",2.

) = 2

gettimeofday({1334836895,374666},NULL) = 0

fstat(1,{st_mode=S_IFREG|0664,0) = 0x7fb5a1936000

open("/etc/localtime",O_RDONLY) = 4

fstat(4,st_size=1892,...}) = 0

fstat(4,0) = 0x7fb5a1935000

read(4,"TZif2\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\4\0\0\0\4\0\0\0\0"...,4096) = 1892

lseek(4,-1217,SEEK_CUR) = 675

read(4,"TZif2\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\6\0\0\0\6\0\0\0\0"...,4096) = 1217

close(4) = 0

munmap(0x7fb5a1935000,4096) = 0

write(1,"%!PS-Adobe-3.0 EPSF-3.0\n%%Creato"...,4096) = 4096

write(1,"fffffffffffffffffffffffffffff\nff"...,"ffffffffffffffffffff\nfffffffffff"...,"fffffffffff\nffffffffffffffffffff"...,"ff\nfffffffffffffffffffffffffffff"...,"ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff"...,"ffffffffffffffffffffffff\nfffffff"...,4096) = 4096

这是管道版本的strace输出：当输出通过管道传输到ps2pdf13时,PS生成似乎要慢得多.

root@web5:~# strace tiff2ps test.tif | ps2pdf13 -sPAPERSIZE=a4 - > test.pdf

execve("/usr/bin/tiff2ps",[/* 28 vars */]) = 0

brk(0) = 0x1b97000

access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap",0) = 0x7f9208bb1000

access("/etc/ld.so.preload",0) = 0x7f9208bab000

close(3) = 0

access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap",0) = 0x7f9208733000

mprotect(0x7f9208794000,PROT_NONE) = 0

mmap(0x7f9208993000,0x60000) = 0x7f9208993000

close(3) = 0

access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap",0) = 0x7f9208510000

mprotect(0x7f9208533000,PROT_NONE) = 0

mmap(0x7f9208732000,0x22000) = 0x7f9208732000

close(3) = 0

access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap",0) = 0x7f9208baa000

mmap(NULL,0) = 0x7f92082f9000

mprotect(0x7f9208310000,PROT_NONE) = 0

mmap(0x7f920850f000,0x16000) = 0x7f920850f000

close(3) = 0

access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap",0) = 0x7f9208077000

mprotect(0x7f92080f7000,PROT_NONE) = 0

mmap(0x7f92082f7000,0x80000) = 0x7f92082f7000

close(3) = 0

access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap",0) = 0x7f9207d15000

mprotect(0x7f9207e6e000,PROT_NONE) = 0

mmap(0x7f920806d000,0x158000) = 0x7f920806d000

mmap(0x7f9208072000,0) = 0x7f9208072000

close(3) = 0

mmap(NULL,0) = 0x7f9208ba9000

mmap(NULL,0) = 0x7f9208ba8000

mmap(NULL,0) = 0x7f9208ba7000

arch_prctl(ARCH_SET_FS,0x7f9208ba8700) = 0

mprotect(0x7f920806d000,PROT_READ) = 0

mprotect(0x7f92082f7000,PROT_READ) = 0

mprotect(0x7f9208bb3000,PROT_READ) = 0

munmap(0x7f9208bab000,O_RDONLY) = 3

brk(0) = 0x1b97000

brk(0x1bb8000) = 0x1bb8000

read(3,0) = 0x7f92089e9000

open("/proc/meminfo",0) = 0x7f9208bb0000

read(4,1024) = 1024

close(4) = 0

munmap(0x7f9208bb0000,2.

) = 2

gettimeofday({1334836513,114140},{st_mode=S_IFIFO|0600,0) = 0x7f9208bb0000

open("/etc/localtime",0) = 0x7f9208baf000

read(4,4096) = 1217

close(4) = 0

munmap(0x7f9208baf000,4096) = 4096

...etc...