mysql> show global status like 'Slave_running';
+---------------+-------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+---------------+-------+
| Slave_running | ON |
+---------------+-------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
不为空 则为从库
或者
SHOW SLAVE STATUS 不为空为从库
和
SHOW MASTER STATUS 不为空为主库