查询概要
MongoDB 查询数据的语法格式如下:
db.collection.find(query, projection)
query :可选,使用查询操作符指定查询条件
projection :可选,使用投影操作符指定返回的键。查询时返回文档中所有键值, 只需省略该参数即可(默认省略)。需要以易读的方式来读取数据,可以使用 pretty() 方法;
查询选择器
(1)in语句示例:
db.users.find({"username":{"$in":["lison","sean"]}})
(2)not语句示例:
db.users.find({"lenght":{"$not":{"$gte":1.77}}}).pretty()
因为not语句 会把不包含查询语句字段的文档 也检索出来
(3)exists语句示例:
db.users.find({"lenght":{"$exists":true}}).pretty()
判断文档有没有关心的字段
查询选择
映射
字段选择:db.users.find({},{'username':1})
字段排除:db.users.find({},{'username':0})
排序
sort():db.orders.find().sort({'orderTime':1,'price':1})1:升序 -1:降序
跳过和限制
skip(n):跳过n条数据
limit(n):限制n条数据
e.g:db.orders.find().sort({'orderTime':-1}).limit(5).skip(5)
查询唯一值
distinct():查询指定字段的唯一值,e.g:db.users.distinct(“age”)
测试数据
var user1 = {
"username" : "lison",
"country" : "china",
"address" : {
"aCode" : "411000",
"add" : "长沙"
},
"favorites" : {
"movies" : ["杀破狼2","战狼","雷神1"],
"cites" : ["长沙","深圳","上海"]
},
"age" : 18,
"salary":NumberDecimal("18889.09"),
"lenght" :1.79,
"comments" : [
{
"author" : "lison1",
"content" : "lison评论1",
"commentTime" : ISODate("2017-01-06T04:26:18.354Z")
},
{
"author" : "lison2",
"content" : "lison评论2",
"commentTime" : ISODate("2017-02-06T04:26:18.354Z")
},
{
"author" : "lison3",
"content" : "lison评论3",
"commentTime" : ISODate("2017-03-06T04:26:18.354Z")
},
{
"author" : "lison4",
"content" : "lison评论4",
"commentTime" : ISODate("2017-04-06T04:26:18.354Z")
},
{
"author" : "lison5",
"content" : "lison是苍老师的小迷弟",
"commentTime" : ISODate("2017-05-06T04:26:18.354Z")
},
{
"author" : "lison6",
"content" : "lison评论6",
"commentTime" : ISODate("2017-06-06T04:26:18.354Z")
},
{
"author" : "lison7",
"content" : "lison评论7",
"commentTime" : ISODate("2017-07-06T04:26:18.354Z")
},
{
"author" : "lison8",
"content" : "lison评论8",
"commentTime" : ISODate("2017-08-06T04:26:18.354Z")
},
{
"author" : "lison9",
"content" : "lison评论9",
"commentTime" : ISODate("2017-09-06T04:26:18.354Z")
}
]
};
字符串数组选择查询
1.数组单元素查询
db.users.find({"favorites.movies":"蜘蛛侠"})
查询数组中包含“蜘蛛侠”
2.数组精确查找
db.users.find({"favorites.movies":[ "杀破狼2", "战狼", "雷神1" ]},{"favorites.movies":1})
查询数组等于[ “杀破狼2”, “战狼”, “雷神1” ]的文档,严格按照顺序;
3.数组多元素查询
db.users.find({"favorites.movies":{"$all":[ "雷神1", "战狼" ]}},{"favorites.movies":1})
查询数组包含[“雷神1”, “战狼” ]的文档,跟顺序无关
4.索引查询
db.users.find({"favorites.movies.0":"杀破狼2"},{"favorites.movies":1})
查询数组中第一个为“杀破狼2”的文档
5.返回数组子集
db.users.find({},{"favorites.movies":{"$slice":[1,2]},"favorites":1})
$slice可以取两个元素数组,分别表示从几条开始和显示的条数;
对象数组选择查询
1. 单元素查询
db.users.find({"comments":{"author" : "lison6","content" : "lison评论6"}})
备注:对象数组精确查找
2.查找lison1 或者 lison12评论过的user ($in查找符)
db.users.find({"comments.author":{"$in":["lison1","lison12"]}}).pretty()
备注:跟数量无关,跟顺序无关;
3.查找lison1 和 lison12都评论过的user
db.users.find({"comments.author":{"$all":["lison12","lison1"]}}).pretty()
备注:跟数量有关,跟顺序无关;
4.查找lison5评语为“lison是苍老师的小迷弟”的user($elemMatch查找符)
db.users.find({"comments":{"$elemMatch":{"author" : "lison5","content" : "lison是苍老师的小迷弟"}}}) .pretty()
备注:数组中对象数据要符合查询对象里面所有的字段,$全元素匹配,和顺序无关;
查询练习
需求描述
查看一个人的信息,打开页面只显示三条评论
点击评论的下一页按钮,新加载三条评论
默认按照评论时间降序
解决方案描述
1. 新增评论时,使用$sort运算符进行排序,插入评论后,再按照评论时间降序排序;
2. 查看人员时加载最新的三条评论;
3. 点击评论的下一页按钮,新加载三条评论
4. 如果有多种排序需求怎么处理?
实训脚本:
(1)新增评论时,使用$sort运算符进行排序,插入评论后,再按照评论时间降序排序;
db.users.updateOne({"username":"lison",},
{
"$push": {
"comments": {
$each: [
{
"author" : "james",
"content" : "lison是个好老师!",
"commentTime" : ISODate("2018-01-06T04:26:18.354Z")
}
],
$sort: {"commentTime":-1}
}
}
}
);
注意:$sort操作符必须和$each配合使用
(2)查看人员时加载最新的三条评论;
db.users.find({"username":"lison"},{"comments":{"$slice":[0,3]}}).pretty()
(3)点击评论的下一页按钮,新加载三条评论
原方法:db.users.find({"username":"lison"},{"comments":{"$slice":[3,3]},"$elemMatch":""}).pretty();
新的方法:db.users.find({"username":"lison"},{"comments":{"$slice":[3,3]},"$id":1}).pretty();
(4)如果有多种排序需求怎么处理?使用聚合
db.users.aggregate([{"$match":{"username":"lison"}},
{"$unwind":"$comments"},
{$sort:{"comments.commentTime":-1}},
{"$project":{"comments":1}},
{"$skip":6},
{"$limit":3}])
----------------------------------------------------------------
聚合训练:
查询2015年4月3号之前,每个用户每个月消费了多少钱,并按用户名进行排序:
db.ordersTest.aggregate([
{"$match":{ "orderTime" : { "$lt" : new Date("2015-04-03T16:00:00.000Z")}}},
{"$group":{"_id":{"useCode":"$useCode","month":{"$month":"$orderTime"}},"total":{"$sum":"$price"}}},
{"$sort":{"_id":1}}
])
原生Document方式
@Configuration
public class AppConfig {
/*
* Use the standard Mongo driver API to create a com.mongodb.MongoClient instance.
*/
@Bean
public MongoClient mongoClient() {
// CodecRegistry registry = CodecRegistries.fromRegistries(MongoClient.getDefaultCodecRegistry(),
// CodecRegistries.fromProviders(PojoCodecProvider.builder().automatic(true).build()));
MongoClientOptions mco = MongoClientOptions.builder()
.writeConcern(WriteConcern.ACKNOWLEDGED)
.connectionsPerHost(100)
.threadsAllowedToBlockForConnectionMultiplier(5)
.maxWaitTime(120000).connectTimeout(10000).build();
MongoClient client = new MongoClient(new ServerAddress("120.78.154.33", 27022), mco);
return client;
}
}
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration("classpath:applicationContext.xml")
public class JavaDriverTest {
private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(JavaDriverTest.class);
private MongoDatabase db;
private MongoCollection<Document> collection;
@Resource
private MongoClient client;
@Before
public void init(){
db = client.getDatabase("lison");
collection=db.getCollection("users");
}
@Test
//测试elemMatch操作符,数组中对象数据要符合查询对象里面所有的字段
//查找lison5评语为“lison是苍老师的小迷弟”的人
//db.users.find({"comments":{"$elemMatch":{"author" : "lison5","content" : "lison是苍老师的小迷弟"}}}) .pretty()
public void testElemMatch(){
//定义数据的处理类
final List<Document> ret = new ArrayList<>();
Block<Document> printBlock = getBlock(ret);
//
Document filter = new Document().append("author","lison5")
.append("content","lison是苍老师的小迷弟");
Bson elemMatch = Filters.elemMatch("comments",filter );
FindIterable<Document> find = collection.find(elemMatch);
printOperation(ret, printBlock, find);
}
/**
* db.users.updateOne({"username":"lison",},
{"$push": {
"comments": {
$each: [{
"author" : "james",
"content" : "lison是个好老师!",
"commentTime" : ISODate("2018-01-06T04:26:18.354Z")
}
],
$sort: {"commentTime":-1}
}}});
*/
@Test
//新增评论时,使用$sort运算符进行排序,插入评论后,再按照评论时间降序排序
public void demoStep1(){
Bson filter = eq("username", "lison");
Document comment = new Document().append("author","cang")
.append("content","lison是我的粉丝")
.append("commentTime", new Date());
//$sort: {"commentTime":-1}
Document sortDoc = new Document().append("commentTime", -1);
PushOptions sortDocument = new PushOptions().sortDocument(sortDoc);
// $each
Bson pushEach = Updates.pushEach("comments", Arrays.asList(comment), sortDocument);
UpdateResult updateOne = collection.updateOne(filter, pushEach);
System.out.println(updateOne.getModifiedCount());
}
@Test
//查看人员时加载最新的三条评论;
//db.users.find({"username":"lison"},{"comments":{"$slice":[0,3]}}).pretty()
public void demoStep2(){
final List<Document> ret = new ArrayList<>();
Block<Document> printBlock = getBlock(ret);
FindIterable<Document> find = collection.find(eq("username", "lison"))
.projection(slice("comments", 0, 3));
printOperation(ret, printBlock, find);
}
@Test
//点击评论的下一页按钮,新加载三条评论
//db.users.find({"username":"lison"},{"comments":{"$slice":[3,3]},"$id":1}).pretty();
public void demoStep3(){
final List<Document> ret = new ArrayList<>();
Block<Document> printBlock = getBlock(ret);
//{"username":"lison"}
Bson filter = eq("username", "lison");
//"$slice":[3,3]
Bson slice = slice("comments", 3, 3);
//"$id":1
Bson includeID = include("id");
//{"comments":{"$slice":[3,3]},"$id":1})
Bson projection = fields(slice,includeID);
FindIterable<Document> find = collection.find(filter)
.projection(projection);
printOperation(ret, printBlock, find);
}
@Test
/**
* db.users.aggregate([{"$match":{"username":"lison"}},
{"$unwind":"$comments"},
{$sort:{"comments.commentTime":-1}},
{"$project":{"comments":1}},
{"$skip":6},
{"$limit":3}])
*/
//如果有多种排序需求怎么处理,使用聚合
public void demoStep4(){
final List<Document> ret = new ArrayList<>();
Block<Document> printBlock = getBlock(ret);
List<Bson> aggregates = new ArrayList<>();
aggregates.add(match(eq("username","lison")));
aggregates.add(unwind("$comments"));
aggregates.add(sort(orderBy(ascending("comments.commentTime"))));
aggregates.add(project(fields(include("comments"))));
aggregates.add(skip(0));
aggregates.add(limit(3));
AggregateIterable<Document> aggregate = collection.aggregate(aggregates);
printOperation(ret, printBlock, aggregate);
}
//dbRef测试
//dbref其实就是关联关系的信息载体,本身并不会去关联数据
@Test
public void dbRefTest(){
final List<Document> ret = new ArrayList<>();
Block<Document> printBlock = getBlock(ret);
FindIterable<Document> find = collection.find(eq("username", "lison"));
printOperation(ret, printBlock, find);
}
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------
private void printOperation(List<Document> ret, Block<Document> printBlock,
AggregateIterable<Document> aggregate) {
aggregate.forEach(printBlock);
System.out.println(ret.size());
ret.removeAll(ret);
}
private void printOperation(final List<Document> ret,
Block<Document> printBlock, FindIterable<Document> find) {
find.forEach(printBlock);
System.out.println(ret.size());
ret.removeAll(ret);
}
private Block<Document> getBlock(final List<Document> ret) {
Block<Document> printBlock = new Block<Document>() {
@Override
public void apply(Document t) {
logger.info("---------------------");
// logger.info(t.toJson());
Object object = t.get("comments");
System.out.println(object);
logger.info("---------------------");
ret.add(t);
}
};
return printBlock;
}
}
Spring方式
@Document(collection="users")
public class User {
private ObjectId id;
private String username;
private String country;
private Address address;
private Favorites favorites;
private int age;
private BigDecimal salary;
private float lenght;
@DBRef
private Comments comments;
public String getUsername() {
return username;
}
public void setUsername(String username) {
this.username = username;
}
public String getCountry() {
return country;
}
public void setCountry(String country) {
this.country = country;
}
public Address getAddress() {
return address;
}
public void setAddress(Address address) {
this.address = address;
}
public Favorites getFavorites() {
return favorites;
}
public void setFavorites(Favorites favorites) {
this.favorites = favorites;
}
public ObjectId getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(ObjectId id) {
this.id = id;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
public BigDecimal getSalary() {
return salary;
}
public void setSalary(BigDecimal salary) {
this.salary = salary;
}
public float getLenght() {
return lenght;
}
public void setLenght(float lenght) {
this.lenght = lenght;
}
public Comments getComments() {
return comments;
}
public void setComments(Comments comments) {
this.comments = comments;
}
}
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration("classpath:applicationContext.xml")
public class SpringTest {
private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory
.getLogger(SpringTest.class);
@Resource
private MongoOperations tempelate;
@Test
// db.users.find({"comments":{"$elemMatch":{"author" : "lison5","content" :
// "lison是苍老师的小迷弟"}}}) .pretty()
public void testElemMatch() {
Query query = query(where("comments").elemMatch(where("author").is("lison5").and("content").is("lison是苍老师的小迷弟")));
List<User> find = tempelate.find(query, User.class);
System.out.println(find.size());
}
/**
* db.users.updateOne({"username":"lison",},
{"$push": {
"comments": {
$each: [{
"author" : "james",
"content" : "lison是个好老师!",
"commentTime" : ISODate("2018-01-06T04:26:18.354Z")
}
],
$sort: {"commentTime":-1}
}}});
*/
@Test
// 新增评论时,使用$sort运算符进行排序,插入评论后,再按照评论时间降序排序
public void demoStep1() {
Query query = query(where("username").is("lison"));
Comment comment = new Comment();
comment.setAuthor("cang");
comment.setCommentTime(new Date());
comment.setContent("lison是我的粉丝");
Update update = new Update();
PushOperatorBuilder pob = update.push("comments");
pob.each(comment);
pob.sort(new Sort(new Sort.Order(Direction.DESC, "commentTime")));
System.out.println("---------------");
WriteResult updateFirst = tempelate.updateFirst(query, update,User.class);
System.out.println("---------------");
System.out.println(updateFirst.getN());
}
@Test
// 查看人员时加载最新的三条评论;
// db.users.find({"username":"lison"},{"comments":{"$slice":[0,3]}}).pretty()
public void demoStep2() {
//{"username":"lison"}
Query query = query(where("username").is("lison"));
//{"comments":{"$slice":[0,3]}
query.fields().include("comments").slice("comments", 0, 3);
System.out.println("---------------");
List<User> find = tempelate.find(query, User.class);
System.out.println("---------------");
System.out.println(find);
}
@Test
// 点击评论的下一页按钮,新加载三条评论
// db.users.find({"username":"lison"},{"comments":{"$slice":[3,3]},"$id":1}).pretty();
public void demoStep3() {
Query query = query(where("username").is("lison"));
query.fields().include("comments").slice("comments", 3, 3)
.include("id");
System.out.println("---------------");
List<User> find = tempelate.find(query, User.class);
System.out.println("---------------");
System.out.println(find);
}
/**
* db.users.aggregate([{"$match":{"username":"lison"}},
{"$unwind":"$comments"},
{$sort:{"comments.commentTime":-1}},
{"$project":{"comments":1}},
{"$skip":6},
{"$limit":3}])
*/
// 如果有多种排序需求怎么处理,使用聚合
@Test
public void demoStep4() {
Aggregation aggs = newAggregation(
match(where("username").is("lison")),
unwind("comments"),
sort(Direction.ASC, "comments.commentTime"),
project("comments"),
skip(6),
limit(3));
System.out.println("---------------");
AggregationResults<Object> aggregate = tempelate.aggregate(aggs, "users", Object.class);
System.out.println("---------------");
List<Object> mappedResults = aggregate.getMappedResults();
System.out.println(mappedResults.size());
}
@Test
//(1)注意相关的实体bean要加上注解@document,@dbRef
//(2)spring对dbRef进行了封装,发起了两次查询请求
public void dbRefTest(){
System.out.println("----------------------------");
List<User> users = tempelate.findAll(User.class);
System.out.println("----------------------------");
System.out.println(users);
// System.out.println(users.get(0).getComments());
}
}
当出现对同一个属性进行投影时,只会执行最后一个投影操作。
查看一个人的信息,打开页面只显示三条评论,实现的语句:
db.users.find({"username":"lison"},{"comments":{"$slice":[0,3]}}).pretty()
点击评论的下一页按钮,新加载三条评论,实现的查询语句:
不推荐:db.users.find({"username":"lison"},{"comments.lists":{"$slice":[0,3]},"comments":1}).pretty()
推荐:db.users.find({"username":"lison"},{"comments":{"$slice":[3,3]},"$elemMatch":""}).pretty()
PS
1.SPRING 写入的数据,_class字段修改后是否会影响到实体类的生成验证
答:修改对代码没有影响
2.convert代码示例
答:spring 1.x版本没有提供对mongo decemal128数据默认的支持,所以需要自定义转换器进行转换;
spring 配置示例
<!-- mongodb连接池配置 -->
<mongo:mongo-client host="192.168.225.129" port="27022">
<mongo:client-options
write-concern="ACKNOWLEDGED"
connections-per-host="100"
threads-allowed-to-block-for-connection-multiplier="5"
max-wait-time="120000"
connect-timeout="10000"/>
</mongo:mongo-client>
<!-- mongodb数据库工厂配置 -->
<mongo:db-factory dbname="test" mongo-ref="mongo" />
<mongo:mapping-converter base-package="com.dongnao.mongodb.entity">
<mongo:custom-converters>
<mongo:converter>
<bean class="com.dongnao.mongo.convert.BigDecimalToDecimal128Converter"/>
</mongo:converter>
<mongo:converter>
<bean class="com.dongnao.mongo.convert.Decimal128ToBigDecimalConverter"/>
</mongo:converter>
</mongo:custom-converters>
</mongo:mapping-converter>
<!-- mongodb模板配置 -->
<bean id="anotherMongoTemplate" class="org.springframework.data.mongodb.core.MongoTemplate">
<constructor-arg name="mongoDbFactory" ref="mongoDbFactory" />
<constructor-arg name="mongoConverter" ref="mappingConverter"/>
<property name="writeResultChecking" value="EXCEPTION"></property>
</bean>
Java客户端解析
原生java驱动
MongoClient → MongoDatabase →MongoCollection
• MongoClient被设计成线程安全、可以被多线程共享的。通常访问数据库集群的应用只需要一个实例
• 如果需要使用pojo对象读写,需要将PojoCodecProvider注入到client中
查询和更新的API类
查询器:com.mongodb.client.model.Filters
投影器:com.mongodb.client.model.Projections
更新器:com.mongodb.client.model.Updates
构造器模式的理解:https://www.jianshu.com/p/e2a2fe3555b9
public class User {
private final String firstName; // 必传参数
private final String lastName; // 必传参数
private final int age; // 可选参数
private final String phone; // 可选参数
private final String address; // 可选参数
private User(UserBuilder builder) {
this.firstName = builder.firstName;
this.lastName = builder.lastName;
this.age = builder.age;
this.phone = builder.phone;
this.address = builder.address;
}
public String getFirstName() {
return firstName;
}
public String getLastName() {
return lastName;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public String getPhone() {
return phone;
}
public String getAddress() {
return address;
}
public static class UserBuilder {
private final String firstName;
private final String lastName;
private int age;
private String phone;
private String address;
public UserBuilder(String firstName, String lastName) {
this.firstName = firstName;
this.lastName = lastName;
}
public UserBuilder age(int age) {
this.age = age;
return this;
}
public UserBuilder phone(String phone) {
this.phone = phone;
return this;
}
public UserBuilder address(String address) {
this.address = address;
return this;
}
public User build() {
return new User(this);
}
}
}
作者:湫水长天
链接:https://www.jianshu.com/p/e2a2fe3555b9
來源:简书
简书著作权归作者所有,任何形式的转载都请联系作者获得授权并注明出处。
Mongodb连接池配置
数据模式设计
nosql在数据模式设计上的优势
读写效率高-在IO性能上有先天独厚的优势;
可扩展能力强,不需要考虑关联,数据分区分库,水平扩展就比较简单;
动态模式,不要求每个文档都具有完全相同的结构。对很多异构数据场景支持非常好;
模型自然-文档模型最接近于我们熟悉的对象模型;
mongoDB能不能实现关联查询?
先考虑内嵌, 直接按照你的对象模型来设计你的数据模型。如果你的对象模型数量不多,关系不是很复杂,直接一种对象对应一个集合就可以了
单个bson 文档最大不能超过16M ;当文档超过16M的时候,就应该考虑使用引用(DBRef)了,在主表里存储一个id值,指向另一个表中的 id 值。
DBRef语法:{ "$ref" : <value>, "$id" : <value>, "$db" : <value> }
$ref:引用文档所在的集合的名称;
$id:所在集合的_id字段值;
$db:可选,集合所在的数据库实例;
使用dbref脚本示例:
var lison = db.users.findOne({"username":"lison"});
var dbref = lison.comments;
db[dbref.$ref].findOne({"_id":dbref.$id})
聚合的理解
聚合框架就是定义一个管道,管道里的每一步都为下一步输出数据数据
常用的管道操作
$project:投影,指定输出文档中的字段;
$match:用于过滤数据,只输出符合条件的文档。$match使用MongoDB的标准查询操作
$limit:用来限制MongoDB聚合管道返回的文档数。
$skip:在聚合管道中跳过指定数量的文档,并返回余下的文档。
$unwind:将文档中的某一个数组类型字段拆分成多条,每条包含数组中的一个值。
$group:将集合中的文档分组,可用于统计结果。
$sort:将输入文档排序后输出。
$group操作符
$group:可以分组的数据执行如下的表达式计算:
$sum:计算总和。
$avg:计算平均值。
$min:根据分组,获取集合中所有文档对应值得最小值。
$max:根据分组,获取集合中所有文档对应值得最大值。
$push:将指定的表达式的值添加到一个数组中。
$addToSet:将表达式的值添加到一个集合中(无重复值)。
$first:返回每组第一个文档,如果有排序,按照排序,如果没有按照默认的存储的顺序的第一个文档。
$last:返回每组最后一个文档,如果有排序,按照排序,如果没有按照默认的存储的顺序的最后个文档
聚合训练
查询2015年4月3号之前,每个用户每个月消费的总金额,并按用户名进行排序:
db.ordersTest.aggregate([
{"$match":{ "orderTime" : { "$lt" : new Date("2015-04-03T16:00:00.000Z")}}},
{"$group":{"_id":{"useCode":"$useCode","month":{"$month":"$orderTime"}},"total":{"$sum":"$price"}}},
{"$sort":{"_id":1}}
])